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卷是目录和文件,存在于一个或多个容器中,由docker挂载到容器,但不属于联合文件系统,因此能够绕过UnionFS提供一些用于持续存储或共享数据的特性。——将docker容器内的数据保存进宿主机的磁盘中。
卷的设计目的:数据持久化,独立于容器的生命周期,因此docker不会在容器删除时删除其挂载的数据卷。
将容器中的数据备份到宿主机的磁盘中。
特点:
- 数据卷可在容器之间共享或重用数据;
- 卷中的更改可以直接实时生效;
- 数据卷中的更改不会包含在镜像的更新中;
- 数据卷的生命周期一直持续到没有容器使用它为止。
docker run -it --privileged=true -v /宿主机绝对路径目录:/容器内目录 镜像名
[root@192 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE 192.168.12.130:5000/kdubuntu 1.2 9582a943a6b6 6 hours ago 116MB kd/myubuntu 1.2 9582a943a6b6 6 hours ago 116MB registry latest b8604a3fe854 17 months ago 26.2MB ubuntu latest ba6acccedd29 17 months ago 72.8MB redis 6.0.8 16ecd2772934 2 years ago 104MB [root@192 ~]# docker run -it --privileged=true -v /tmp/host_data:/tmp/docker_data --name=u1 ubuntu root@6f9775c9af9a:/# pwd / root@6f9775c9af9a:/# cd /tmp root@6f9775c9af9a:/tmp# ll total 0 drwxrwxrwt. 1 root root 25 Apr 8 14:33 ./ drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17 Apr 8 14:33 ../ drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 8 14:33 docker_data/ root@6f9775c9af9a:/tmp# cd docker_data/ root@6f9775c9af9a:/tmp/docker_data# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 8 14:33 ./ drwxrwxrwt. 1 root root 25 Apr 8 14:33 ../ root@6f9775c9af9a:/tmp/docker_data# [root@192 tmp]# ll total 147440 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 75157504 Apr 5 07:59 abd.tar -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 5 07:55 a.txt drwx------. 2 kuangdi kuangdi 25 Apr 5 03:04 firefox drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 8 07:33 host_data drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 18 Apr 5 01:09 hsperfdata_root [root@192 host_data]# ll total 0
当前容器中,有/tmp/docker_data目录,按照之前分析,/tmp/docker_data目录与宿主机中的/tmp/host_data对应,那么在/tmp/docker_data目录下创建的文件在宿主机中的/tmp/host_data目录下也可以看见,反之亦然。
root@6f9775c9af9a:/tmp/docker_data# touch dockerin.txt
root@6f9775c9af9a:/tmp/docker_data# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 26 Apr 8 14:36 ./
drwxrwxrwt. 1 root root 25 Apr 8 14:33 ../
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 14:36 dockerin.txt
[root@192 host_data]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 07:36 dockerin.txt
docker inspect 容器ID
[root@192 host_data]# docker inspect 6f9775c9af9a [ { "Id": "6f9775c9af9a16c58ff205801c42112a99d4a62c39b42f68a42470f30679926d", "Created": "2023-04-08T14:33:26.684139466Z", "Path": "bash", "Args": [], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 3015, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2023-04-08T14:33:27.738661741Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:ba6acccedd2923aee4c2acc6a23780b14ed4b8a5fa4e14e252a23b846df9b6c1", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6f9775c9af9a16c58ff205801c42112a99d4a62c39b42f68a42470f30679926d/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6f9775c9af9a16c58ff205801c42112a99d4a62c39b42f68a42470f30679926d/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6f9775c9af9a16c58ff205801c42112a99d4a62c39b42f68a42470f30679926d/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6f9775c9af9a16c58ff205801c42112a99d4a62c39b42f68a42470f30679926d/6f9775c9af9a16c58ff205801c42112a99d4a62c39b42f68a42470f30679926d-json.log", "Name": "/u1", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": [ "/tmp/host_data:/tmp/docker_data" ], "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "ConsoleSize": [ 38, 104 ], "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "CgroupnsMode": "host", "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": true, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": [ "label=disable" ], "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": [], "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [], "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [], "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [], "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": null, "ReadonlyPaths": null }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/99549b82dea04814af5b2a2c0cfa91b6a1e078f1a86335383fc0e650f43c8ae4-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e81934f365fe1844be16c8c2bb2c4ad0832d2175eac46591283af567f8efd491/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/99549b82dea04814af5b2a2c0cfa91b6a1e078f1a86335383fc0e650f43c8ae4/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/99549b82dea04814af5b2a2c0cfa91b6a1e078f1a86335383fc0e650f43c8ae4/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/99549b82dea04814af5b2a2c0cfa91b6a1e078f1a86335383fc0e650f43c8ae4/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [ { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/tmp/host_data", "Destination": "/tmp/docker_data", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "rprivate" } ] } ]
另外当容器stop后,在宿主机上进行文件修改,这些修改同样会同步到容器中。
docker run -it --privileged=true -v /宿主机绝对路径目录:/容器内目录:rw 镜像名
容器实例内部被限制,只能读不能写,此时如果宿主机写入内容可以同步到容器中,容器内可以读,但是没有写的功能。
docker run -it --privileged=true -v /宿主机绝对路径目录:/容器内目录:ro 镜像名
[root@192 ~]# docker run -it --privileged=true -v /tmp/host_data:/tmp/docker_data --name=u1 ubuntu
root@6f9775c9af9a:/# pwd
/
root@6f9775c9af9a:/# cd /tmp
root@6f9775c9af9a:/tmp# ll
total 0
drwxrwxrwt. 1 root root 25 Apr 8 14:33 ./
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17 Apr 8 14:33 ../
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 8 14:33 docker_data/
[root@192 host_data]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6f9775c9af9a ubuntu "bash" 19 minutes ago Up 19 minutes u1
实现了容器和宿主机的映射。
docker run -it --privileged=true --volumes-from 父类 镜像名
[root@192 host_data]# docker run -it --privileged=true --volumes-from u1 --name u2 ubuntu /bin/bash root@d25e7bd306ac:/# cd /tmp/docker_data/ root@d25e7bd306ac:/tmp/docker_data# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 40 Apr 8 14:54 ./ drwxrwxrwt. 1 root root 25 Apr 8 14:56 ../ -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 14:36 dockerin.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 14:54 kd.txt [root@192 ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d25e7bd306ac ubuntu "/bin/bash" 47 seconds ago Up 45 seconds u2 6f9775c9af9a ubuntu "bash" 24 minutes ago Up 24 minutes u1 #这里可以看到生成了u2 #在u2容器中,创建文件 root@d25e7bd306ac:/tmp/docker_data# touch kd_u2.txt root@d25e7bd306ac:/tmp/docker_data# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 57 Apr 8 14:58 ./ drwxrwxrwt. 1 root root 25 Apr 8 14:56 ../ -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 14:36 dockerin.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 14:54 kd.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 14:58 kd_u2.txt #查看u1中是否存在 root@6f9775c9af9a:/tmp/docker_data# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 57 Apr 8 14:58 ./ drwxrwxrwt. 1 root root 25 Apr 8 14:33 ../ -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 14:36 dockerin.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 14:54 kd.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 14:58 kd_u2.txt #查看宿主机中是否存在 [root@192 host_data]# ll total 0 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 07:36 dockerin.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 07:54 kd.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 07:58 kd_u2.txt #同理,在宿主机、u1上创建,在其他的上也可以看到
退出u1容器,u2和宿主机之前的映射是否还有?
[root@192 host_data]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d25e7bd306ac ubuntu "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes u2 #退出u1 #在u2中创建文件 root@d25e7bd306ac:/tmp/docker_data# touch kd_test.txt root@d25e7bd306ac:/tmp/docker_data# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 76 Apr 8 15:01 ./ drwxrwxrwt. 1 root root 25 Apr 8 14:56 ../ -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 14:36 dockerin.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 14:54 kd.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 15:01 kd_test.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 14:58 kd_u2.txt #宿主机 [root@192 host_data]# ll total 0 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 07:36 dockerin.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 08:01 kd_test.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 07:54 kd.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 07:58 kd_u2.txt #同样生成了kd_test.txt文件 #重新启动u1容器,查看文件 [root@192 host_data]# docker ps -n 2 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d25e7bd306ac ubuntu "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes u2 6f9775c9af9a ubuntu "bash" 30 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago u1 [root@192 host_data]# docker start 6f9775c9af9a 6f9775c9af9a [root@192 host_data]# docker exec -it 6f9775c9af9a /bin/bash root@6f9775c9af9a:/# cd /tmp/docker_data/ root@6f9775c9af9a:/tmp/docker_data# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 76 Apr 8 15:01 ./ drwxrwxrwt. 1 root root 25 Apr 8 14:33 ../ -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 14:36 dockerin.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 14:54 kd.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 15:01 kd_test.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 8 14:58 kd_u2.txt #可以看到同样生成了。
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