Django Session与用户认证模块_django用户登录session验证

作者：菜鸟追梦旅行 | 2024-04-17 22:52:57

踩

django用户登录session验证

Django中的Session是一种在Web应用程序中跟踪用户状态的机制。它允许您在多个HTTP请求之间存储和检索用户特定的信息。Session通常用于跟踪用户的登录状态、存储用户首选项、购物车信息等。

简单的cookie验证

敏感信息不宜使用cookie,我们应该用cookie记录简单配置.


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery-cookie/1.4.1/jquery.cookie.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/" method="post">
        <input type="text" name="username" />
        <input type="button" value="获取cookie" id="get_cook"/>
        <input type="button" value="设置cookie" id="set_cook"/>
        <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
    </form>
</body>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $("#get_cook").bind("click",function(){
            var cook = $.cookie("username");
            $('input[name="username"]').val(cook);
        });
        $("#set_cook").bind("click",function(){
            var cook = $('input[name="username"]').val(cook);
            $.cookie("username","10");
        });
    </script>
</html>


from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.forms import Form,fields,widgets
 
def index(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        obj = render(request,"index.html")
        obj.set_cookie("username", "lyshark")   # 设置一个cookie
        return obj                              # 返回页面
    else:
        cook = request.COOKIES.get("username")  # 获取到cookie
        print("获取到cookie:{}".format(cook))
        return render(request,"index.html")

使用Session进行验证


<!--name:login.html-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/login/" method="post">
        <input type="text" name="username"/>
        <input type="password" name="password"/>
        <input type="submit" value="用户登录"/>
    </form>
</body>
</html>


# name: urls.py
from MyWeb import views
 
urlpatterns = [
    path('login/', views.login),
    path('logout/',views.logout),
    path('index/',views.index)
]


# name: views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
 
def index(request):
    is_login = request.session.get("is_login",False)
    if is_login:
        cookie_content = request.COOKIES
        session_content = request.session.get("username")
        return HttpResponse("**欢迎用户 {} 你已经是登录状态,SessionID:{}:**".format(session_content,cookie_content))
    else:
        return redirect('/login/')
 
def login(request):
    if request.method=="GET":
        is_login = request.session.get("is_login", False)
        if is_login:
            cookie_content = request.COOKIES
            session_content = request.session.get("username")
            return HttpResponse("**欢迎用户 {} 你已经是登录状态,SessionID:{}:**".format(session_content, cookie_content))
        else:
            return render(request,"login.html")
    elif request.method == "POST":
        username = request.POST['username']
        password = request.POST['password']
        print(username,password)
        if username == "admin" and password =="123123":
            request.session['is_login'] = "True"
            request.session['username'] = username
            return redirect('/index/')
    return render(request, "login.html")
 
def logout(request):
    try:
        del request.session['is_login']
    except KeyError:
        pass
    return redirect("/login/")

默认的session键值对,会存储在django的数据库中,其中的配置settings.py如下


SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.db'   # 引擎(默认)
    SESSION_COOKIE_NAME ＝ "sessionid"                       # Session的cookie保存在浏览器上时的key，即：sessionid＝随机字符串(默认)
    SESSION_COOKIE_PATH ＝ "/"                               # Session的cookie保存的路径(默认)
    SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN = None                             # Session的cookie保存的域名(默认)
    SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = False                            # 是否Https传输cookie(默认)
    SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True                           # 是否Session的cookie只支持http传输(默认)
    SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 1209600                             # Session的cookie失效日期(2周)(默认)
    SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = False                  # 是否关闭浏览器使得Session过期(默认)
    SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST = False                       # 是否每次请求都保存Session，默认修改之后才保存(默认)

使用auth模块实现创建用户

django为我们提供了一套完备的验证机制,如下是简单的用户创建命令.


from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from MyWeb import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User,auth
 
def index(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        # -------------------------------------------
        # 创建用户操作
        User.objects.create_user(username="lyshark",password="123123",email="lyshark@163.com")      # 创建用户
        User.objects.create_superuser(username="admin", password="123123", email="admin@163.com")   # 创建超级用户
        # -------------------------------------------
        # 修改密码操作
        user = User.objects.get(username="lyshark")
        user.set_password(raw_password="123456")
        user.save()
        # -------------------------------------------
        # 判断用户名密码是否有效(成功返回用户名,失败返回none)
        user = auth.authenticate(username="lyshark",password="123456")
        print(user)
        return HttpResponse("hello lyshark")
    return render(request,"index.html")

使用auth模块完成登录认证

登录失败会自动跳转到/account/login/你可以自定义修改LOGIN_URL=/login/即可.


from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from MyWeb import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User,auth
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
 
def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return HttpResponse("""
        <form action="/login/" method="post">
        <input type="text" name="username">
        <input type="password" name="password">
        <input type="submit" value="登陆系统">
        </form>
        """)
    else:
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        password = request.POST.get("password")
        # 判断用户名密码是否有效
        user = auth.authenticate(username=username,password=password)
        if user:
            auth.login(request,user)    # 执行登录函数
            return HttpResponse("登陆成功.")
        else:
            #auth.logout(request,user)   # 执行登出函数
            return HttpResponse("登录失败..")
 
# 下方的login_required装饰器,用于验证是否登录完成
@login_required
def is_login(request):
    return HttpResponse("用户已经登陆完成了...")
 
# 下方程序用户登出用户
def logout(request):
    auth.logout(request)  # 执行登出函数
    return HttpResponse("用户注销完成..")

使用auth模块实现用户认证

django为我们提供了一套完备的验证机制,如下是简单的用户创建命令.


from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
 
from django.contrib.auth.models import User,auth
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
 
# 实现用户注册流程
def register(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return HttpResponse("""
                <form action="/register/" method="post">
                    账号: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
                    密码: <input type="password" name="password"><br>
                    邮箱: <input type="text", name="email"><br>
                    <input type="submit" value="用户注册">
                </form>
                """)
    else:
        u_username = request.POST.get("username")
        u_password = request.POST.get("password")
        u_email = request.POST.get("email")
 
        # 先判断账号是否存在
        if User.objects.filter(username=u_username):
            return HttpResponse("{} 用户名已被注册".format(u_username))
        else:
            # 创建普通用户
            User.objects.create_user(username=u_username, password=u_password, email=u_email)
            return HttpResponse("注册 {} 成功".format(u_username))
    return HttpResponse("注册出现未知错误.")
 
# 实现用户登录
def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return HttpResponse("""
                <form action="/login/" method="post">
                    账号: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
                    密码: <input type="password" name="password"><br>
                    <input type="submit" value="登陆系统">
                </form>
                """)
    else:
        u_username = request.POST.get("username")
        u_password = request.POST.get("password")
 
        # 判断用户名密码是否有效(成功返回用户名,失败返回none)
        user = auth.authenticate(username=u_username, password=u_password)
        if user:
            # 执行用户登录函数
            auth.login(request, user)
 
            # 设置用户名session_name的一个Session
            request.session['session_name'] = u_username
            return HttpResponse("用户: {} 登陆成功.".format(u_username))
        else:
            return HttpResponse("登录失败..")
 
# 执行密码修改
@login_required(login_url="/login/")
def modify(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return HttpResponse("""
                <form action="/modify/" method="post">
                    原密码: <input type="text" name="old_password"><br>
                    新密码: <input type="password" name="new_password"><br>
                    <input type="submit" value="修改密码">
                </form>
                """)
    if request.method == "POST":
        uname = request.session.get('session_name')       # 先得到用户名
        old_password = request.POST.get("old_password")   # 得到原始密码
        new_password = request.POST.get("new_password")  # 设置新密码
 
        # 判断原始用户名密码是否有效(成功返回用户名,失败返回none)
        is_true = auth.authenticate(username= uname, password= old_password)
        # 验证通过执行改密码
        if is_true != None:
            # 开始修改密码
            user_obj = User.objects.get(username = uname)
            user_obj.set_password(raw_password= new_password)
            user_obj.save()
 
            auth.logout(request)
            return HttpResponse("用户: {} 修改密码完成,请重新登录.".format(uname))
        else:
            return HttpResponse("用户: {} 原始密码不正确.".format(uname))
    return HttpResponse("未知错误.")
 
# 下方的login_required装饰器,用于验证是否登录完成,失败则跳转 /login/
@login_required(login_url="/login/")
def is_login(request):
    uuid = request.session.get('_auth_user_id')
    uname = request.session.get('session_name')
    return HttpResponse("ID: {} 用户名: {} 已登陆.".format(uuid,uname))
 
# 执行用户注销操作
def logout(request):
    uuid = request.session.get('_auth_user_id')
    uname = request.session.get('session_name')
    if uname == None:
        return HttpResponse("未登录,请先登录..")
 
    # 执行登出
    auth.logout(request)
 
    # 删除保存的用户名Session
    try:
        del request.session['session_name']
    except KeyError:
        pass
    return HttpResponse("ID: {} 用户名: {} 注销完成..".format(uuid,uname))

声明：本文内容由网友自发贡献，不代表【wpsshop博客】立场，版权归原作者所有，本站不承担相应法律责任。如您发现有侵权的内容，请联系我们。转载请注明出处：https://www.wpsshop.cn/w/菜鸟追梦旅行/article/detail/442710