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threejs元素周期表-CSS3DRenderer
作者：2023面试高手 | 2024-02-23 08:53:40
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css3drenderer
threejs元素周期表-CSS3DRenderer
- 利用three.js提供的CSS3DRenderer渲染器，通过CSS3转换属性将分层3D转换应用于DOM元素。其实就是包装一下DOM元素，可以像操作three.js中Mesh对象一样去操作DOM元素，将二维的div变为三维的方式操作和渲染。本质上还是利用CSS3的3D动画属性。这个项目就是操作转换后DOM元素的position和rotation的属性值来创建动画
- 使用轻量级动画库tween’补间’控制DOM元素position和rotation属性值的过渡。
- 确定不同排版的每一个DOM元素的position和rotation（部分排版需要确定rotation）的值，并将之保存在THREE.Object3D的子对象的position属性中（也可以是一组想象数组），然后使用‘补间’将DOM元素的position和rotation像其保存的对应属性值过渡。
源码和整体效果
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>three.js css3d - periodic table</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="main.css"> <style> a { color: #8ff; } #menu { position: absolute; bottom: 20px; width: 100%; text-align: center; } .element { width: 120px; height: 160px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 12px rgba(0,255,255,0.5); border: 1px solid rgba(127,255,255,0.25); font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center; line-height: normal; cursor: default; } .element:hover { box-shadow: 0px 0px 12px rgba(0,255,255,0.75); border: 1px solid rgba(127,255,255,0.75); } .element .number { position: absolute; top: 20px; right: 20px; font-size: 12px; color: rgba(127,255,255,0.75); } .element .symbol { position: absolute; top: 40px; left: 0px; right: 0px; font-size: 60px; font-weight: bold; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75); text-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0,255,255,0.95); } .element .details { position: absolute; bottom: 15px; left: 0px; right: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgba(127,255,255,0.75); } button { color: rgba(127,255,255,0.75); background: transparent; outline: 1px solid rgba(127,255,255,0.75); border: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; cursor: pointer; } button:hover { background-color: rgba(0,255,255,0.5); } button:active { color: #000000; background-color: rgba(0,255,255,0.75); } </style> </head> <body> <div id="info"><a href="https://threejs.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">three.js</a> css3d - periodic table.</div> <div id="container"></div> <div id="menu"> <button id="table">TABLE</button> <button id="sphere">SPHERE</button> <button id="helix">HELIX</button> <button id="grid">GRID</button> </div> <script type="module"> import * as THREE from '../build/three.module.js'; import { TWEEN } from './jsm/libs/tween.module.min.js'; import { TrackballControls } from './jsm/controls/TrackballControls.js'; import { CSS3DRenderer, CSS3DObject } from './jsm/renderers/CSS3DRenderer.js'; const table = [ "H", "Hydrogen", "1.00794", 1, 1, "He", "Helium", "4.002602", 18, 1, "Li", "Lithium", "6.941", 1, 2, "Be", "Beryllium", "9.012182", 2, 2, "B", "Boron", "10.811", 13, 2, "C", "Carbon", "12.0107", 14, 2, "N", "Nitrogen", "14.0067", 15, 2, "O", "Oxygen", "15.9994", 16, 2, "F", "Fluorine", "18.9984032", 17, 2, "Ne", "Neon", "20.1797", 18, 2, "Na", "Sodium", "22.98976...", 1, 3, "Mg", "Magnesium", "24.305", 2, 3, "Al", "Aluminium", "26.9815386", 13, 3, "Si", "Silicon", "28.0855", 14, 3, "P", "Phosphorus", "30.973762", 15, 3, "S", "Sulfur", "32.065", 16, 3, "Cl", "Chlorine", "35.453", 17, 3, "Ar", "Argon", "39.948", 18, 3, "K", "Potassium", "39.948", 1, 4, "Ca", "Calcium", "40.078", 2, 4, "Sc", "Scandium", "44.955912", 3, 4, "Ti", "Titanium", "47.867", 4, 4, "V", "Vanadium", "50.9415", 5, 4, "Cr", "Chromium", "51.9961", 6, 4, "Mn", "Manganese", "54.938045", 7, 4, "Fe", "Iron", "55.845", 8, 4, "Co", "Cobalt", "58.933195", 9, 4, "Ni", "Nickel", "58.6934", 10, 4, "Cu", "Copper", "63.546", 11, 4, "Zn", "Zinc", "65.38", 12, 4, "Ga", "Gallium", "69.723", 13, 4, "Ge", "Germanium", "72.63", 14, 4, "As", "Arsenic", "74.9216", 15, 4, "Se", "Selenium", "78.96", 16, 4, "Br", "Bromine", "79.904", 17, 4, "Kr", "Krypton", "83.798", 18, 4, "Rb", "Rubidium", "85.4678", 1, 5, "Sr", "Strontium", "87.62", 2, 5, "Y", "Yttrium", "88.90585", 3, 5, "Zr", "Zirconium", "91.224", 4, 5, "Nb", "Niobium", "92.90628", 5, 5, "Mo", "Molybdenum", "95.96", 6, 5, "Tc", "Technetium", "(98)", 7, 5, "Ru", "Ruthenium", "101.07", 8, 5, "Rh", "Rhodium", "102.9055", 9, 5, "Pd", "Palladium", "106.42", 10, 5, "Ag", "Silver", "107.8682", 11, 5, "Cd", "Cadmium", "112.411", 12, 5, "In", "Indium", "114.818", 13, 5, "Sn", "Tin", "118.71", 14, 5, "Sb", "Antimony", "121.76", 15, 5, "Te", "Tellurium", "127.6", 16, 5, "I", "Iodine", "126.90447", 17, 5, "Xe", "Xenon", "131.293", 18, 5, "Cs", "Caesium", "132.9054", 1, 6, "Ba", "Barium", "132.9054", 2, 6, "La", "Lanthanum", "138.90547", 4, 9, "Ce", "Cerium", "140.116", 5, 9, "Pr", "Praseodymium", "140.90765", 6, 9, "Nd", "Neodymium", "144.242", 7, 9, "Pm", "Promethium", "(145)", 8, 9, "Sm", "Samarium", "150.36", 9, 9, "Eu", "Europium", "151.964", 10, 9, "Gd", "Gadolinium", "157.25", 11, 9, "Tb", "Terbium", "158.92535", 12, 9, "Dy", "Dysprosium", "162.5", 13, 9, "Ho", "Holmium", "164.93032", 14, 9, "Er", "Erbium", "167.259", 15, 9, "Tm", "Thulium", "168.93421", 16, 9, "Yb", "Ytterbium", "173.054", 17, 9, "Lu", "Lutetium", "174.9668", 18, 9, "Hf", "Hafnium", "178.49", 4, 6, "Ta", "Tantalum", "180.94788", 5, 6, "W", "Tungsten", "183.84", 6, 6, "Re", "Rhenium", "186.207", 7, 6, "Os", "Osmium", "190.23", 8, 6, "Ir", "Iridium", "192.217", 9, 6, "Pt", "Platinum", "195.084", 10, 6, "Au", "Gold", "196.966569", 11, 6, "Hg", "Mercury", "200.59", 12, 6, "Tl", "Thallium", "204.3833", 13, 6, "Pb", "Lead", "207.2", 14, 6, "Bi", "Bismuth", "208.9804", 15, 6, "Po", "Polonium", "(209)", 16, 6, "At", "Astatine", "(210)", 17, 6, "Rn", "Radon", "(222)", 18, 6, "Fr", "Francium", "(223)", 1, 7, "Ra", "Radium", "(226)", 2, 7, "Ac", "Actinium", "(227)", 4, 10, "Th", "Thorium", "232.03806", 5, 10, "Pa", "Protactinium", "231.0588", 6, 10, "U", "Uranium", "238.02891", 7, 10, "Np", "Neptunium", "(237)", 8, 10, "Pu", "Plutonium", "(244)", 9, 10, "Am", "Americium", "(243)", 10, 10, "Cm", "Curium", "(247)", 11, 10, "Bk", "Berkelium", "(247)", 12, 10, "Cf", "Californium", "(251)", 13, 10, "Es", "Einstenium", "(252)", 14, 10, "Fm", "Fermium", "(257)", 15, 10, "Md", "Mendelevium", "(258)", 16, 10, "No", "Nobelium", "(259)", 17, 10, "Lr", "Lawrencium", "(262)", 18, 10, "Rf", "Rutherfordium", "(267)", 4, 7, "Db", "Dubnium", "(268)", 5, 7, "Sg", "Seaborgium", "(271)", 6, 7, "Bh", "Bohrium", "(272)", 7, 7, "Hs", "Hassium", "(270)", 8, 7, "Mt", "Meitnerium", "(276)", 9, 7, "Ds", "Darmstadium", "(281)", 10, 7, "Rg", "Roentgenium", "(280)", 11, 7, "Cn", "Copernicium", "(285)", 12, 7, "Nh", "Nihonium", "(286)", 13, 7, "Fl", "Flerovium", "(289)", 14, 7, "Mc", "Moscovium", "(290)", 15, 7, "Lv", "Livermorium", "(293)", 16, 7, "Ts", "Tennessine", "(294)", 17, 7, "Og", "Oganesson", "(294)", 18, 7 ]; let camera, scene, renderer; let controls; const objects = []; const targets = { table: [], sphere: [], helix: [], grid: [] }; init(); animate(); function init() { camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera( 40, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 1, 10000 ); camera.position.z = 3000; scene = new THREE.Scene(); // table for ( let i = 0; i < table.length; i += 5 ) { const element = document.createElement( 'div' ); element.className = 'element'; element.style.backgroundColor = 'rgba(0,127,127,' + ( Math.random() * 0.5 + 0.25 ) + ')'; const number = document.createElement( 'div' ); number.className = 'number'; number.textContent = ( i / 5 ) + 1; element.appendChild( number ); const symbol = document.createElement( 'div' ); symbol.className = 'symbol'; symbol.textContent = table[ i ]; element.appendChild( symbol ); const details = document.createElement( 'div' ); details.className = 'details'; details.innerHTML = table[ i + 1 ] + '<br>' + table[ i + 2 ]; element.appendChild( details ); const objectCSS = new CSS3DObject( element ); objectCSS.position.x = Math.random() * 4000 - 2000; objectCSS.position.y = Math.random() * 4000 - 2000; objectCSS.position.z = Math.random() * 4000 - 2000; scene.add( objectCSS ); objects.push( objectCSS ); // const object = new THREE.Object3D(); object.position.x = ( table[ i + 3 ] * 140 ) - 1330; object.position.y = - ( table[ i + 4 ] * 180 ) + 990; targets.table.push( object ); } // sphere const vector = new THREE.Vector3(); for ( let i = 0, l = objects.length; i < l; i ++ ) { const phi = Math.acos( - 1 + ( 2 * i ) / l ); const theta = Math.sqrt( l * Math.PI ) * phi; const object = new THREE.Object3D(); object.position.setFromSphericalCoords( 800, phi, theta ); vector.copy( object.position ).multiplyScalar( 2 ); object.lookAt( vector ); targets.sphere.push( object ); } // helix for ( let i = 0, l = objects.length; i < l; i ++ ) { const theta = i * 0.175 + Math.PI; const y = - ( i * 8 ) + 450; const object = new THREE.Object3D(); object.position.setFromCylindricalCoords( 900, theta, y ); vector.x = object.position.x * 2; vector.y = object.position.y; vector.z = object.position.z * 2; object.lookAt( vector ); targets.helix.push( object ); } // grid for ( let i = 0; i < objects.length; i ++ ) { const object = new THREE.Object3D(); object.position.x = ( ( i % 5 ) * 400 ) - 800; object.position.y = ( - ( Math.floor( i / 5 ) % 5 ) * 400 ) + 800; object.position.z = ( Math.floor( i / 25 ) ) * 1000 - 2000; targets.grid.push( object ); } // renderer = new CSS3DRenderer(); renderer.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight ); document.getElementById( 'container' ).appendChild( renderer.domElement ); // controls = new TrackballControls( camera, renderer.domElement ); controls.minDistance = 500; controls.maxDistance = 6000; controls.addEventListener( 'change', render ); const buttonTable = document.getElementById( 'table' ); buttonTable.addEventListener( 'click', function () { transform( targets.table, 2000 ); } ); const buttonSphere = document.getElementById( 'sphere' ); buttonSphere.addEventListener( 'click', function () { transform( targets.sphere, 2000 ); } ); const buttonHelix = document.getElementById( 'helix' ); buttonHelix.addEventListener( 'click', function () { transform( targets.helix, 2000 ); } ); const buttonGrid = document.getElementById( 'grid' ); buttonGrid.addEventListener( 'click', function () { transform( targets.grid, 2000 ); } ); transform( targets.table, 2000 ); // window.addEventListener( 'resize', onWindowResize ); } function transform( targets, duration ) { TWEEN.removeAll(); for ( let i = 0; i < objects.length; i ++ ) { const object = objects[ i ]; const target = targets[ i ]; new TWEEN.Tween( object.position ) .to( { x: target.position.x, y: target.position.y, z: target.position.z }, Math.random() * duration + duration ) .easing( TWEEN.Easing.Exponential.InOut ) .start(); new TWEEN.Tween( object.rotation ) .to( { x: target.rotation.x, y: target.rotation.y, z: target.rotation.z }, Math.random() * duration + duration ) .easing( TWEEN.Easing.Exponential.InOut ) .start(); } new TWEEN.Tween( this ) .to( {}, duration * 2 ) .onUpdate( render ) .start(); } function onWindowResize() { camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight; camera.updateProjectionMatrix(); renderer.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight ); render(); } function animate() { requestAnimationFrame( animate ); TWEEN.update(); controls.update(); } function render() { renderer.render( scene, camera ); } </script> </body> </html>
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效果：
核心代码讲解
数据结构
const objects = [];
const targets = { table: [], sphere: [], helix: [], grid: [] };
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- objects保存每个元素的 CSS3DObject形式的元素
- targets 中的四个数组分别存储table、sphere、helix、grid四种样式的位置信息
元素的CSS代码
每个元素都是div，具体的css代码如下：
.element { width: 120px; height: 160px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 12px rgba(0,255,255,0.5); border: 1px solid rgba(127,255,255,0.25); font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center; line-height: normal; cursor: default; } .element:hover { box-shadow: 0px 0px 12px rgba(0,255,255,0.75); border: 1px solid rgba(127,255,255,0.75); } .element .number { position: absolute; top: 20px; right: 20px; font-size: 12px; color: rgba(127,255,255,0.75); } .element .symbol { position: absolute; top: 40px; left: 0px; right: 0px; font-size: 60px; font-weight: bold; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75); text-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0,255,255,0.95); } .element .details { position: absolute; bottom: 15px; left: 0px; right: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgba(127,255,255,0.75); }
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创建div的JavaScript代码：
for ( let i = 0; i < table.length; i += 5 ) { const element = document.createElement( 'div' ); element.className = 'element'; element.style.backgroundColor = 'rgba(0,127,127,' + ( Math.random() * 0.5 + 0.25 ) + ')'; const number = document.createElement( 'div' ); number.className = 'number'; number.textContent = ( i / 5 ) + 1; element.appendChild( number ); const symbol = document.createElement( 'div' ); symbol.className = 'symbol'; symbol.textContent = table[ i ]; element.appendChild( symbol ); const details = document.createElement( 'div' ); details.className = 'details'; details.innerHTML = table[ i + 1 ] + '<br>' + table[ i + 2 ]; element.appendChild( details ); const objectCSS = new CSS3DObject( element ); objectCSS.position.x = Math.random() * 4000 - 2000; objectCSS.position.y = Math.random() * 4000 - 2000; objectCSS.position.z = Math.random() * 4000 - 2000; scene.add( objectCSS ); objects.push( objectCSS ); // const object = new THREE.Object3D(); object.position.x = ( table[ i + 3 ] * 140 ) - 1330; object.position.y = - ( table[ i + 4 ] * 180 ) + 990; targets.table.push( object ); }
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这段代码创建了显示周期表元素的HTML结构，并将每一个DOM元素使用THREE.CSS3DObject类包装成3D对象。然后随机分配对象的x,y,z位置在( -2000, 2000 )这个区间内。最后把对象添加场景中，并放入objects数组中保存，为在后面的动画做准备。上面的已经完成了118元素的创建到随机分配位置显示的部分。下面开始创建集中排版需要的数据。
table分布
// 例如 "H", "Hydrogen", "1.00794", 1, 1, 访问每组数组的第4和第5个数据
//以（- 1330，990）为起点排布元素周期表(使周期表位于canvas中心)，每个元素width: 120px;height: 160px;，元素间隔为20px
const object = new THREE.Object3D();
object.position.x = ( table[ i + 3 ] * 140 ) - 1330;
object.position.y = - ( table[ i + 4 ] * 180 ) + 990;
targets.table.push( object );
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- 例如 “H”, “Hydrogen”, “1.00794”, 1, 1, 访问每组数组的第4和第5个数据。
- 以（- 1330，990）为起点排布元素周期表(使周期表位于canvas中心)，每个元素width: 120px;height: 160px;，元素间隔为20px
sphere
const vector = new THREE.Vector3(); for ( let i = 0, l = objects.length; i < l; i ++ ) { const phi = Math.acos( - 1 + ( 2 * i ) / l ); const theta = Math.sqrt( l * Math.PI ) * phi; const object = new THREE.Object3D(); object.position.setFromSphericalCoords( 800, phi, theta ); vector.copy( object.position ).multiplyScalar( 2 ); object.lookAt( vector ); targets.sphere.push( object ); }
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object.position.setFromSphericalCoords( 800, phi, theta );//从球坐标中的radius、phi和theta设置该向量。
helix
for ( let i = 0, l = objects.length; i < l; i ++ ) { const theta = i * 0.175 + Math.PI; const y = - ( i * 8 ) + 450; const object = new THREE.Object3D(); object.position.setFromCylindricalCoords( 900, theta, y ); vector.x = object.position.x * 2; vector.y = object.position.y; vector.z = object.position.z * 2; object.lookAt( vector ); targets.helix.push( object ); }
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object.position.setFromCylindricalCoords( 900, theta, y ); //从圆柱坐标中的radius、theta和y设置该向量。
grid
for ( let i = 0; i < objects.length; i ++ ) {
const object = new THREE.Object3D();
object.position.x = ( ( i % 5 ) * 400 ) - 800;
object.position.y = ( - ( Math.floor( i / 5 ) % 5 ) * 400 ) + 800;
object.position.z = ( Math.floor( i / 25 ) ) * 1000 - 2000;
targets.grid.push( object );
}
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网格布局使用的主要是分组的思想，这是个5 * 5的网格。在X轴上的布局采用求余可以使元素分为五列，在Y轴上先除以5然后取整。这样做是为元素分行，然后求余分列。当一个平面内5 * 5排满后，在Z轴上判断元素属于哪一面。
生成动画
const buttonTable = document.getElementById( 'table' ); buttonTable.addEventListener( 'click', function () { transform( targets.table, 2000 ); } ); const buttonSphere = document.getElementById( 'sphere' ); buttonSphere.addEventListener( 'click', function () { transform( targets.sphere, 2000 ); } ); const buttonHelix = document.getElementById( 'helix' ); buttonHelix.addEventListener( 'click', function () { transform( targets.helix, 2000 ); } ); const buttonGrid = document.getElementById( 'grid' ); buttonGrid.addEventListener( 'click', function () { transform( targets.grid, 2000 ); } ); transform( targets.table, 2000 ); // window.addEventListener( 'resize', onWindowResize ); } function transform( targets, duration ) { TWEEN.removeAll(); for ( let i = 0; i < objects.length; i ++ ) { const object = objects[ i ]; const target = targets[ i ]; new TWEEN.Tween( object.position ) .to( { x: target.position.x, y: target.position.y, z: target.position.z }, Math.random() * duration + duration ) .easing( TWEEN.Easing.Exponential.InOut ) .start(); new TWEEN.Tween( object.rotation ) .to( { x: target.rotation.x, y: target.rotation.y, z: target.rotation.z }, Math.random() * duration + duration ) .easing( TWEEN.Easing.Exponential.InOut ) .start(); } new TWEEN.Tween( this ) .to( {}, duration * 2 ) .onUpdate( render ) .start(); }
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Tween.js补间动画，记录启始和终止状态，完成动画。根据objects的位置信息和前面计算的table、sphere、helix、grid数组中的位置信息自动生成动画。
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