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feign/openfeign和dubbo是常用的微服务RPC框架,由于feigin内部已经集成ribbon,自带了负载均衡的功能,当有多个同名的服务注册到注册中心时,会根据ribbon默认的负载均衡算法将请求分配到不同的服务。这篇文章就简单介绍一下怎么使用feign来调用远程的服务。
首先,需要有一个微服务注册中心来提供服务注册与发现,本章就使用之前创建的eureka作为注册中心。点击以下文章链接,教你快速搭建一个eureka server
springboot整合eureka、config搭建注册中心和配置中心https://blog.csdn.net/heyl163_/article/details/131715281
目录
首先,要实现服务间的调用,需要有服务提供者和服务消费者,创建两个项目,分别用于服务提供者和服务消费者。
创建一个springboot项目,取名为provider
1、修改maven配置文件pom.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-
- <parent>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
- <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
- <relativePath/>
- </parent>
-
- <groupId>com.example</groupId>
- <artifactId>provider</artifactId>
- <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
-
- <properties>
- <java.version>1.8</java.version>
- <eureka.version>1.4.4.RELEASE</eureka.version>
- </properties>
-
- <dependencyManagement>
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
- <version>Hoxton.SR12</version>
- <type>pom</type>
- <scope>import</scope>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
- <version>${eureka.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- </dependencyManagement>
-
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
-
- <build>
- <plugins>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
- </plugin>
- </plugins>
- </build>
- </project>
2、修改系统配置文件
- server:
- port: 8085
-
- spring:
- application:
- name: provider
-
- eureka:
- instance:
- hostname: localhost
- client:
- service-url:
- defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:8761/eureka
3、创建一个controller
在根目录下创建controller包,然后在controller包下创建一个UserController
- package com.example.provider.controller;
-
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
-
- /**
- * @author heyunlin
- * @version 1.0
- */
- @RestController
- @RequestMapping(path = "/user", produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
- public class UserController {
-
- @RequestMapping(value = "/name", method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public String name() {
- return "heyunlin";
- }
-
- }
4、启动类上添加@EnableDiscoveryClient注解
- package com.example.provider;
-
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
- import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
-
- @EnableDiscoveryClient
- @SpringBootApplication
- public class ProviderApplication {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
- }
-
- }
1、创建一个springboot项目并命名为consumer
2、修改pom.xml配置文件
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-
- <parent>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
- <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
- <relativePath/>
- </parent>
-
- <groupId>com.example</groupId>
- <artifactId>consumer</artifactId>
- <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
-
- <properties>
- <java.version>1.8</java.version>
- <eureka.version>1.4.4.RELEASE</eureka.version>
- </properties>
-
- <dependencyManagement>
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
- <version>Hoxton.SR12</version>
- <type>pom</type>
- <scope>import</scope>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
- <version>${eureka.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- </dependencyManagement>
-
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- </project>
3、修改配置文件,注册到eureka
- server:
- port: 8086
-
- spring:
- application:
- name: consumer
-
- eureka:
- instance:
- hostname: localhost
- client:
- service-url:
- defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:8761/eureka
4、通过feign调用远程的方法
根目录下创建feign包,在feign包下创建一个接口FeignService(类名不重要)
@FeignClient("provider")指定注册到eurka的服务名
@RequestMapping的路径写provider服务的控制器接口路径
- package com.example.consumer.feign;
-
- import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
-
- /**
- * @author heyunlin
- * @version 1.0
- */
- @FeignClient("provider")
- public interface FeignService {
-
- @RequestMapping(value = "/user/name", method = RequestMethod.GET)
- String name();
-
- }
5、最后,创建一个控制器类,类名随便取
- package com.example.consumer.controller;
-
- import com.example.consumer.feign.FeignService;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
-
- /**
- * @author heyunlin
- * @version 1.0
- */
- @RestController
- @RequestMapping("/user")
- public class UserController {
-
- @Autowired
- FeignService feignService;
-
- @RequestMapping(value = "/name", method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public String name() {
- return feignService.name();
- }
-
- }
这时候@Autowired会报错,找不到FeignService的bean,因为没有在启动类上面添加@EnableFeignClients注解
- package com.example.consumer;
-
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
- import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
-
- @EnableFeignClients
- @SpringBootApplication
- public class ConsumerApplication {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
- }
-
- }
完成以上操作之后,依次启动euraka-server,provider和consumer
浏览器上访问consumer的控制器地址http://localhost:8086/user/name,发现成功返回了字符串。
首先需要开启hystrix
在pom.xml文件中添加配置
- feign:
- hystrix:
- enabled: true
然后创建一个FeignService的实现类,交给spring管理
- package com.example.consumer.feign;
-
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
-
- /**
- * @author heyunlin
- * @version 1.0
- */
- @Component
- public class FeignServiceImpl implements FeignService {
-
- @Override
- public String name() {
- return "error";
- }
-
- }
最后,在FeiginService接口的的@FeiginCilent注解上指定fallback=FeignServiceImpl.class
@FeignClient(value = "provider", fallback = FeignServiceImpl.class)
完成以上配置之后,重启consumer,访问http://localhost:8086/user/name时正确调用了provider的控制器方法,得到了正确的结果。
接着把关掉provider项目,再访问,发现调用失败,成功执行了配置的降级方法,直接返回了error
好了,springboot整合feign的介绍到这里就完了,代码已开源,按需获取~
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