python贪吃蛇代码详解_利用Python如何制作贪吃蛇及AI版贪吃蛇详解

用python制作普通贪吃蛇

哈喽，大家不知道是上午好还是中午好还是下午好还是晚上好！

贪吃蛇，应该是90后小时候的记忆(连我这个00后也不例外)，今天，我们就用python这款编程语言来实现贪吃蛇

系统：所有都可以

需导入模块：

random

pygame

pygame.locals

sys

下载以上模块指令：

random和sys是Python自带的，我们只需要下载pygame即可

下载pygame：

在开始菜单输入“cmd”回车打开，输入``指令：pip install pygame

苹果电脑需要改成：pip3 install pygame

下载好后，打开python的shell界面，输入import pygame，回车，如果没报错，及代表安装完成。

接下来什么都不说，直接奉上代码(恕我没写注释)：

import random

import pygame

import sys

from pygame.locals import *

Snakespeed = 17

Window_Width = 800

Window_Height = 500

Cell_Size = 20 # Width and height of the cells

# Ensuring that the cells fit perfectly in the window. eg if cell size was

# 10 and window width or windowheight were 15 only 1.5 cells would

# fit.

assert Window_Width % Cell_Size == 0, "Window width must be a multiple of cell size."

# Ensuring that only whole integer number of cells fit perfectly in the window.

assert Window_Height % Cell_Size == 0, "Window height must be a multiple of cell size."

Cell_W = int(Window_Width / Cell_Size) # Cell Width

Cell_H = int(Window_Height / Cell_Size) # Cellc Height

White = (255, 255, 255)

Black = (0, 0, 0)

Red = (255, 0, 0) # Defining element colors for the program.

Green = (0, 255, 0)

DARKGreen = (0, 155, 0)

DARKGRAY = (40, 40, 40)

YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)

Red_DARK = (150, 0, 0)

BLUE = (0, 0, 255)

BLUE_DARK = (0, 0, 150)

BGCOLOR = Black # Background color

UP = 'up'

DOWN = 'down' # Defining keyboard keys.

LEFT = 'left'

RIGHT = 'right'

HEAD = 0 # Syntactic sugar: index of the snake's head

def main():

global SnakespeedCLOCK, DISPLAYSURF, BASICFONT

pygame.init()

SnakespeedCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()

DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((Window_Width, Window_Height))

BASICFONT = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 18)

pygame.display.set_caption('Snake')

showStartScreen()

while True:

runGame()

showGameOverScreen()

def runGame():

# Set a random start point.

startx = random.randint(5, Cell_W - 6)

starty = random.randint(5, Cell_H - 6)

wormCoords = [{'x': startx, 'y': starty},

{'x': startx - 1, 'y': starty},

{'x': startx - 2, 'y': starty}]

direction = RIGHT

# Start the apple in a random place.

apple = getRandomLocation()

while True: # main game loop

for event in pygame.event.get(): # event handling loop

if event.type == QUIT:

terminate()

elif event.type == KEYDOWN:

if (event.key == K_LEFT) and direction != RIGHT:

direction = LEFT

elif (event.key == K_RIGHT) and direction != LEFT:

direction = RIGHT

elif (event.key == K_UP) and direction != DOWN:

direction = UP

elif (event.key == K_DOWN) and direction != UP:

direction = DOWN

elif event.key == K_ESCAPE:

terminate()

# check if the Snake has hit itself or the edge

if wormCoords[HEAD]['x'] == -1 or wormCoords[HEAD]['x'] == Cell_W or wormCoords[HEAD]['y'] == -1 or wormCoords[HEAD]['y'] == Cell_H:

return # game over

for wormBody in wormCoords[1:]:

if wormBody['x'] == wormCoords[HEAD]['x'] and wormBody['y'] == wormCoords[HEAD]['y']:

return # game over

# check if Snake has eaten an apply

if wormCoords[HEAD]['x'] == apple['x'] and wormCoords[HEAD]['y'] == apple['y']:

# don't remove worm's tail segment

apple = getRandomLocation() # set a new apple somewhere

else:

del wormCoords[-1] # remove worm's tail segment

# move the worm by adding a segment in the direction it is moving

if direction == UP:

newHead = {'x': wormCoords[HEAD]['x'],

'y': wormCoords[HEAD]['y'] - 1}

elif direction == DOWN:

newHead = {'x': wormCoords[HEAD]['x'],

'y': wormCoords[HEAD]['y'] + 1}

elif direction == LEFT:

newHead = {'x': wormCoords[HEAD][

'x'] - 1, 'y': wormCoords[HEAD]['y']}

elif direction == RIGHT:

newHead = {'x': wormCoords[HEAD][

'x'] + 1, 'y': wormCoords[HEAD]['y']}

wormCoords.insert(0, newHead)

DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR)

drawGrid()

drawWorm(wormCoords)

drawApple(apple)

drawScore(len(wormCoords) - 3)

pygame.display.update()

SnakespeedCLOCK.tick(Snakespeed)

def drawPressKeyMsg():

pressKeySurf = BASICFONT.render('Press a key to play.', True, White)

pressKeyRect = pressKeySurf.get_rect()

pressKeyRect.topleft = (Window_Width - 200, Window_Height - 30)

DISPLAYSURF.blit(pressKeySurf, pressKeyRect)

def checkForKeyPress():

if len(pygame.event.get(QUIT)) > 0:

terminate()

keyUpEvents = pygame.event.get(KEYUP)

if len(keyUpEvents) == 0:

return None

if keyUpEvents[0].key == K_ESCAPE:

terminate()

return keyUpEvents[0].key

def showStartScreen():

titleFont = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 100)

titleSurf1 = titleFont.render('Snake!', True, White, DARKGreen)

degrees1 = 0

degrees2 = 0

while True:

DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR)

rotatedSurf1 = pygame.transform.rotate(titleSurf1, degrees1)

rotatedRect1 = rotatedSurf1.get_rect()

rotatedRect1.center = (Window_Width / 2, Window_Height / 2)

DISPLAYSURF.blit(rotatedSurf1, rotatedRect1)

drawPressKeyMsg()

if checkForKeyPress():

pygame.event.get() # clear event queue

return

pygame.display.update()

SnakespeedCLOCK.tick(Snakespeed)

degrees1 += 3 # rotate by 3 degrees each frame

degrees2 += 7 # rotate by 7 degrees each frame

def terminate():

pygame.quit()

sys.exit()

def getRandomLocation():

return {'x': random.randint(0, Cell_W - 1), 'y': random.randint(0, Cell_H - 1)}

def showGameOverScreen():

gameOverFont = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 100)

gameSurf = gameOverFont.render('Game', True, White)

overSurf = gameOverFont.render('Over', True, White)

gameRect = gameSurf.get_rect()

overRect = overSurf.get_rect()

gameRect.midtop = (Window_Width / 2, 10)

overRect.midtop = (Window_Width / 2, gameRect.height + 10 + 25)

DISPLAYSURF.blit(gameSurf, gameRect)

DISPLAYSURF.blit(overSurf, overRect)

drawPressKeyMsg()

pygame.display.update()

pygame.time.wait(500)

checkForKeyPress() # clear out any key presses in the event queue

while True:

if checkForKeyPress():

pygame.event.get() # clear event queue

return

def drawScore(score):

scoreSurf = BASICFONT.render('Score: %s' % (score), True, White)

scoreRect = scoreSurf.get_rect()

scoreRect.topleft = (Window_Width - 120, 10)

DISPLAYSURF.blit(scoreSurf, scoreRect)

def drawWorm(wormCoords):

for coord in wormCoords:

x = coord['x'] * Cell_Size

y = coord['y'] * Cell_Size

wormSegmentRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, Cell_Size, Cell_Size)

pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, DARKGreen, wormSegmentRect)

wormInnerSegmentRect = pygame.Rect(

x + 4, y + 4, Cell_Size - 8, Cell_Size - 8)

pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, Green, wormInnerSegmentRect)

def drawApple(coord):

x = coord['x'] * Cell_Size

y = coord['y'] * Cell_Size

appleRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, Cell_Size, Cell_Size)

pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, Red, appleRect)

def drawGrid():

for x in range(0, Window_Width, Cell_Size): # draw vertical lines

pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, DARKGRAY, (x, 0), (x, Window_Height))

for y in range(0, Window_Height, Cell_Size): # draw horizontal lines

pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, DARKGRAY, (0, y), (Window_Width, y))

if __name__ == '__main__':

try:

main()

except SystemExit:

pass

以上是贪吃蛇的全部代码，接下来，我们来制作AI版贪吃蛇。

用python制作AI版贪吃蛇

AI版贪吃蛇，即让系统自己玩贪吃蛇，一句话：自己玩自己。下面开始：

系统：什么都可以

需导入的模块：

pygame

sys

time

random

如果你已经下载好了pygame，即可直接开始。

还是什么都不说，直接奉上代码(这次有注释)

#coding: utf-8

import pygame,sys,time,random

from pygame.locals import *

# 定义颜色变量

redColour = pygame.Color(255,0,0)

blackColour = pygame.Color(0,0,0)

whiteColour = pygame.Color(255,255,255)

greenColour = pygame.Color(0,255,0)

headColour = pygame.Color(0,119,255)

#注意：在下面所有的除法中，为了防止pygame输出偏差，必须取除数(//)而不是单纯除法(/)

# 蛇运动的场地长宽，因为第0行，HEIGHT行，第0列，WIDTH列为围墙，所以实际是13*13

HEIGHT = 15

WIDTH = 15

FIELD_SIZE = HEIGHT * WIDTH

# 蛇头位于snake数组的第一个元素

HEAD = 0

# 用数字代表不同的对象，由于运动时矩阵上每个格子会处理成到达食物的路径长度，

# 因此这三个变量间需要有足够大的间隔(>HEIGHT*WIDTH)来互相区分

# 小写一般是坐标，大写代表常量

FOOD = 0

UNDEFINED = (HEIGHT + 1) * (WIDTH + 1)

SNAKE = 2 * UNDEFINED

# 由于snake是一维数组，所以对应元素直接加上以下值就表示向四个方向移动

LEFT = -1

RIGHT = 1

UP = -WIDTH#一维数组，所以需要整个宽度都加上才能表示上下移动

DOWN = WIDTH

# 错误码

ERR = -2333

# 用一维数组来表示二维的东西

# board表示蛇运动的矩形场地

# 初始化蛇头在(1,1)的地方

# 初始蛇长度为1

board = [0] * FIELD_SIZE #[0,0,0,……]

snake = [0] * (FIELD_SIZE+1)

snake[HEAD] = 1*WIDTH+1

snake_size = 1

# 与上面变量对应的临时变量，蛇试探性地移动时使用

tmpboard = [0] * FIELD_SIZE

tmpsnake = [0] * (FIELD_SIZE+1)

tmpsnake[HEAD] = 1*WIDTH+1

tmpsnake_size = 1

# food:食物位置初始在(4, 7)

# best_move: 运动方向

food = 4 * WIDTH + 7

best_move = ERR

# 运动方向数组，游戏分数(蛇长)

mov = [LEFT, RIGHT, UP, DOWN]

score = 1

# 检查一个cell有没有被蛇身覆盖，没有覆盖则为free，返回true

def is_cell_free(idx, psize, psnake):

return not (idx in psnake[:psize])

# 检查某个位置idx是否可向move方向运动

def is_move_possible(idx, move):

flag = False

if move == LEFT:

#因为实际范围是13*13,[1,13]*[1,13],所以idx为1时不能往左跑，此时取余为1所以>1

flag = True if idx%WIDTH > 1 else False

elif move == RIGHT:

#这里的

flag = True if idx%WIDTH < (WIDTH-2) else False

elif move == UP:

#这里向上的判断画图很好理解，因为在[1,13]*[1,13]的实际运动范围外，还有个

#大框是围墙，就是之前说的那几个行列，下面判断向下运动的条件也是类似的

flag = True if idx > (2*WIDTH-1) else False

elif move == DOWN:

flag = True if idx < (FIELD_SIZE-2*WIDTH) else False

return flag

# 重置board

# board_BFS后，UNDEFINED值都变为了到达食物的路径长度

# 如需要还原，则要重置它

def board_reset(psnake, psize, pboard):

for i in range(FIELD_SIZE):

if i == food:

pboard[i] = FOOD

elif is_cell_free(i, psize, psnake): # 该位置为空

pboard[i] = UNDEFINED

else: # 该位置为蛇身

pboard[i] = SNAKE

# 广度优先搜索遍历整个board，

# 计算出board中每个非SNAKE元素到达食物的路径长度

def board_BFS(pfood, psnake, pboard):

queue = []

queue.append(pfood)

inqueue = [0] * FIELD_SIZE

found = False

# while循环结束后，除了蛇的身体，

# 其它每个方格中的数字为从它到食物的曼哈顿间距

while len(queue)!=0:

idx = queue.pop(0)#初始时idx是食物的坐标

if inqueue[idx] == 1: continue

inqueue[idx] = 1

for i in range(4):#左右上下

if is_move_possible(idx, mov[i]):

if idx + mov[i] == psnake[HEAD]:

found = True

if pboard[idx+mov[i]] < SNAKE: # 如果该点不是蛇的身体

if pboard[idx+mov[i]] > pboard[idx]+1:#小于的时候不管，不然会覆盖已有的路径数据

pboard[idx+mov[i]] = pboard[idx] + 1

if inqueue[idx+mov[i]] == 0:

queue.append(idx+mov[i])

return found

# 从蛇头开始，根据board中元素值，

# 从蛇头周围4个领域点中选择最短路径

def choose_shortest_safe_move(psnake, pboard):

best_move = ERR

min = SNAKE

for i in range(4):

if is_move_possible(psnake[HEAD], mov[i]) and pboard[psnake[HEAD]+mov[i]]

#这里判断最小和下面的函数判断最大，都是先赋值，再循环互相比较

min = pboard[psnake[HEAD]+mov[i]]

best_move = mov[i]

return best_move

# 从蛇头开始，根据board中元素值，

# 从蛇头周围4个领域点中选择最远路径

def choose_longest_safe_move(psnake, pboard):

best_move = ERR

max = -1

for i in range(4):

if is_move_possible(psnake[HEAD], mov[i]) and pboard[psnake[HEAD]+mov[i]]max:

max = pboard[psnake[HEAD]+mov[i]]

best_move = mov[i]

return best_move

# 检查是否可以追着蛇尾运动，即蛇头和蛇尾间是有路径的

# 为的是避免蛇头陷入死路

# 虚拟操作，在tmpboard,tmpsnake中进行

def is_tail_inside():

global tmpboard, tmpsnake, food, tmpsnake_size

tmpboard[tmpsnake[tmpsnake_size-1]] = 0 # 虚拟地将蛇尾变为食物(因为是虚拟的，所以在tmpsnake,tmpboard中进行)

tmpboard[food] = SNAKE # 放置食物的地方，看成蛇身

result = board_BFS(tmpsnake[tmpsnake_size-1], tmpsnake, tmpboard) # 求得每个位置到蛇尾的路径长度

for i in range(4): # 如果蛇头和蛇尾紧挨着，则返回False。即不能follow_tail，追着蛇尾运动了

if is_move_possible(tmpsnake[HEAD], mov[i]) and tmpsnake[HEAD]+mov[i]==tmpsnake[tmpsnake_size-1] and tmpsnake_size>3:

result = False

return result

# 让蛇头朝着蛇尾运行一步

# 不管蛇身阻挡，朝蛇尾方向运行

def follow_tail():

global tmpboard, tmpsnake, food, tmpsnake_size

tmpsnake_size = snake_size

tmpsnake = snake[:]

board_reset(tmpsnake, tmpsnake_size, tmpboard) # 重置虚拟board

tmpboard[tmpsnake[tmpsnake_size-1]] = FOOD # 让蛇尾成为食物

tmpboard[food] = SNAKE # 让食物的地方变成蛇身

board_BFS(tmpsnake[tmpsnake_size-1], tmpsnake, tmpboard) # 求得各个位置到达蛇尾的路径长度

tmpboard[tmpsnake[tmpsnake_size-1]] = SNAKE # 还原蛇尾

return choose_longest_safe_move(tmpsnake, tmpboard) # 返回运行方向(让蛇头运动1步)

# 在各种方案都不行时，随便找一个可行的方向来走(1步),

def any_possible_move():

global food , snake, snake_size, board

best_move = ERR

board_reset(snake, snake_size, board)

board_BFS(food, snake, board)

min = SNAKE

for i in range(4):

if is_move_possible(snake[HEAD], mov[i]) and board[snake[HEAD]+mov[i]]

min = board[snake[HEAD]+mov[i]]

best_move = mov[i]

return best_move

#转换数组函数

def shift_array(arr, size):

for i in range(size, 0, -1):

arr[i] = arr[i-1]

def new_food():#随机函数生成新的食物

global food, snake_size

cell_free = False

while not cell_free:

w = random.randint(1, WIDTH-2)

h = random.randint(1, HEIGHT-2)

food = WIDTH*h + w

cell_free = is_cell_free(food, snake_size, snake)

pygame.draw.rect(playSurface,redColour,Rect(18*(food//WIDTH), 18*(food%WIDTH),18,18))

# 真正的蛇在这个函数中，朝pbest_move走1步

def make_move(pbest_move):

global snake, board, snake_size, score

shift_array(snake, snake_size)

snake[HEAD] += pbest_move

p = snake[HEAD]

for body in snake:#画蛇，身体，头，尾

pygame.draw.rect(playSurface,whiteColour,Rect(18*(body//WIDTH), 18*(body%WIDTH),18,18))

pygame.draw.rect(playSurface,greenColour,Rect(18*(snake[snake_size-1]//WIDTH),18*(snake[snake_size-1]%WIDTH),18,18))

pygame.draw.rect(playSurface,headColour,Rect(18*(p//WIDTH), 18*(p%WIDTH),18,18))

#下面一行是把初始情况会出现的第一个白块bug填掉

pygame.draw.rect(playSurface,(255,255,0),Rect(0,0,18,18))

# 刷新pygame显示层

pygame.display.flip()

# 如果新加入的蛇头就是食物的位置

# 蛇长加1，产生新的食物，重置board(因为原来那些路径长度已经用不上了)

if snake[HEAD] == food:

board[snake[HEAD]] = SNAKE # 新的蛇头

snake_size += 1

score += 1

if snake_size < FIELD_SIZE: new_food()

else: # 如果新加入的蛇头不是食物的位置

board[snake[HEAD]] = SNAKE # 新的蛇头

board[snake[snake_size]] = UNDEFINED # 蛇尾变为UNDEFINED，黑色

pygame.draw.rect(playSurface,blackColour,Rect(18*(snake[snake_size]//WIDTH),18*(snake[snake_size]%WIDTH),18,18))

# 刷新pygame显示层

pygame.display.flip()

# 虚拟地运行一次，然后在调用处检查这次运行可否可行

# 可行才真实运行。

# 虚拟运行吃到食物后，得到虚拟下蛇在board的位置

def virtual_shortest_move():

global snake, board, snake_size, tmpsnake, tmpboard, tmpsnake_size, food

tmpsnake_size = snake_size

tmpsnake = snake[:] # 如果直接tmpsnake=snake，则两者指向同一处内存

tmpboard = board[:] # board中已经是各位置到达食物的路径长度了，不用再计算

board_reset(tmpsnake, tmpsnake_size, tmpboard)

food_eated = False

while not food_eated:

board_BFS(food, tmpsnake, tmpboard)

move = choose_shortest_safe_move(tmpsnake, tmpboard)

shift_array(tmpsnake, tmpsnake_size)

tmpsnake[HEAD] += move # 在蛇头前加入一个新的位置

# 如果新加入的蛇头的位置正好是食物的位置

# 则长度加1，重置board，食物那个位置变为蛇的一部分(SNAKE)

if tmpsnake[HEAD] == food:

tmpsnake_size += 1

board_reset(tmpsnake, tmpsnake_size, tmpboard) # 虚拟运行后，蛇在board的位置

tmpboard[food] = SNAKE

food_eated = True

else: # 如果蛇头不是食物的位置，则新加入的位置为蛇头，最后一个变为空格

tmpboard[tmpsnake[HEAD]] = SNAKE

tmpboard[tmpsnake[tmpsnake_size]] = UNDEFINED

# 如果蛇与食物间有路径，则调用本函数

def find_safe_way():

global snake, board

safe_move = ERR

# 虚拟地运行一次，因为已经确保蛇与食物间有路径，所以执行有效

# 运行后得到虚拟下蛇在board中的位置，即tmpboard

virtual_shortest_move() # 该函数唯一调用处

if is_tail_inside(): # 如果虚拟运行后，蛇头蛇尾间有通路，则选最短路运行(1步)

return choose_shortest_safe_move(snake, board)

safe_move = follow_tail() # 否则虚拟地follow_tail 1步，如果可以做到，返回true

return safe_move

#初始化pygame

pygame.init()

#定义一个变量用来控制游戏速度

fpsClock = pygame.time.Clock()

# 创建pygame显示层

playSurface = pygame.display.set_mode((270,270))

pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')

# 绘制pygame显示层

playSurface.fill(blackColour)

#初始化食物

pygame.draw.rect(playSurface,redColour,Rect(18*(food//WIDTH), 18*(food%WIDTH),18,18))

while True:

for event in pygame.event.get():#循环监听键盘和退出事件

if event.type == QUIT:#如果点了关闭

print(score)#游戏结束后打印分数

pygame.quit()

sys.exit()

elif event.type == KEYDOWN:#如果esc键被按下

if event.key==K_ESCAPE:

print(score)#游戏结束后打印分数

pygame.quit()

sys.exit()

# 刷新pygame显示层

pygame.display.flip()

#画围墙，255,255,0是黄色，边框是36是因为，pygame矩形是以边为初始，向四周填充边框

pygame.draw.rect(playSurface,(255,255,0),Rect(0,0,270,270),36)

# 重置距离

board_reset(snake, snake_size, board)

# 如果蛇可以吃到食物，board_BFS返回true

# 并且board中除了蛇身(=SNAKE)，其它的元素值表示从该点运动到食物的最短路径长

if board_BFS(food, snake, board):

best_move = find_safe_way() # find_safe_way的唯一调用处

else:

best_move = follow_tail()

if best_move == ERR:

best_move = any_possible_move()

# 上面一次思考，只得出一个方向，运行一步

if best_move != ERR: make_move(best_move)

else:

print(score)#游戏结束后打印分数

break

# 控制游戏速度

fpsClock.tick(20)#20看上去速度正好

ok，这就是今天的全部内容866！

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