设计模式篇之过滤器模式_过滤器用到什么设计模式

过滤器模式（Filter Pattern）或标准模式（Criteria Pattern）是一种设计模式，这种模式允许开发人员使用不同的标准来过滤一组对象，通过逻辑运算以解耦的方式把它们连接起来。这种类型的设计模式属于结构型模式，它结合多个标准来获得单一标准。

设计思路：

• 创建一个要过滤的类，普通类即可，要有获得其私有属性的get方法
• 创建一个接口，规定过滤方法
• 实现接口，可以依需要来实现过滤的条件（通过重写过滤方法），参数传递的可以说List<过滤类>类的容器
• 复杂过滤类可以通过设置传递接口参数（复用其他基础过滤类）来实现多重过滤

//步骤 1
//创建一个类，在该类上应用标准。
Person.java
public class Person {
   
   private String name;
   private String gender;
   private String maritalStatus;
 
   public Person(String name,String gender,String maritalStatus){
      this.name = name;
      this.gender = gender;
      this.maritalStatus = maritalStatus;    
   }
 
   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }
   public String getGender() {
      return gender;
   }
   public String getMaritalStatus() {
      return maritalStatus;
   }  
}
//步骤 2
//为标准（Criteria）创建一个接口。
Criteria.java
import java.util.List;
 
public interface Criteria {
   public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons);
}
//步骤 3
//创建实现了 Criteria 接口的实体类。
CriteriaMale.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
public class CriteriaMale implements Criteria {
 
   @Override
   public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
      List<Person> malePersons = new ArrayList<Person>(); 
      for (Person person : persons) {
         if(person.getGender().equalsIgnoreCase("MALE")){
            malePersons.add(person);
         }
      }
      return malePersons;
   }
}
CriteriaFemale.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
public class CriteriaFemale implements Criteria {
 
   @Override
   public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
      List<Person> femalePersons = new ArrayList<Person>(); 
      for (Person person : persons) {
         if(person.getGender().equalsIgnoreCase("FEMALE")){
            femalePersons.add(person);
         }
      }
      return femalePersons;
   }
}
CriteriaSingle.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
public class CriteriaSingle implements Criteria {
 
   @Override
   public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
      List<Person> singlePersons = new ArrayList<Person>(); 
      for (Person person : persons) {
         if(person.getMaritalStatus().equalsIgnoreCase("SINGLE")){
            singlePersons.add(person);
         }
      }
      return singlePersons;
   }
}
AndCriteria.java
import java.util.List;
 
public class AndCriteria implements Criteria {
 
   private Criteria criteria;
   private Criteria otherCriteria;
 
   public AndCriteria(Criteria criteria, Criteria otherCriteria) {
      this.criteria = criteria;
      this.otherCriteria = otherCriteria; 
   }
 
   @Override
   public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
      List<Person> firstCriteriaPersons = criteria.meetCriteria(persons);     
      return otherCriteria.meetCriteria(firstCriteriaPersons);
   }
}
OrCriteria.java
import java.util.List;
 
public class OrCriteria implements Criteria {
 
   private Criteria criteria;
   private Criteria otherCriteria;
 
   public OrCriteria(Criteria criteria, Criteria otherCriteria) {
      this.criteria = criteria;
      this.otherCriteria = otherCriteria; 
   }
 
   @Override
   public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
      List<Person> firstCriteriaItems = criteria.meetCriteria(persons);
      List<Person> otherCriteriaItems = otherCriteria.meetCriteria(persons);
 
      for (Person person : otherCriteriaItems) {
         if(!firstCriteriaItems.contains(person)){
           firstCriteriaItems.add(person);
         }
      }  
      return firstCriteriaItems;
   }
}
//步骤4
//使用不同的标准（Criteria）和它们的结合来过滤 Person 对象的列表。
CriteriaPatternDemo.java
import java.util.ArrayList; 
import java.util.List;
 
public class CriteriaPatternDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
 
      persons.add(new Person("Robert","Male", "Single"));
      persons.add(new Person("John","Male", "Married"));
      persons.add(new Person("Laura","Female", "Married"));
      persons.add(new Person("Diana","Female", "Single"));
      persons.add(new Person("Mike","Male", "Single"));
      persons.add(new Person("Bobby","Male", "Single"));
 
      Criteria male = new CriteriaMale();
      Criteria female = new CriteriaFemale();
      Criteria single = new CriteriaSingle();
      Criteria singleMale = new AndCriteria(single, male);
      Criteria singleOrFemale = new OrCriteria(single, female);
 
      System.out.println("Males: ");
      printPersons(male.meetCriteria(persons));
 
      System.out.println("\nFemales: ");
      printPersons(female.meetCriteria(persons));
 
      System.out.println("\nSingle Males: ");
      printPersons(singleMale.meetCriteria(persons));
 
      System.out.println("\nSingle Or Females: ");
      printPersons(singleOrFemale.meetCriteria(persons));
   }
 
   public static void printPersons(List<Person> persons){
      for (Person person : persons) {
         System.out.println("Person : [ Name : " + person.getName() 
            +", Gender : " + person.getGender() 
            +", Marital Status : " + person.getMaritalStatus()
            +" ]");
      }
   }      
}
//步骤 5
//执行程序，输出结果：
Males: 
Person : [ Name : Robert, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : John, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Married ]
Person : [ Name : Mike, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Bobby, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
 
Females: 
Person : [ Name : Laura, Gender : Female, Marital Status : Married ]
Person : [ Name : Diana, Gender : Female, Marital Status : Single ]
 
Single Males: 
Person : [ Name : Robert, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Mike, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Bobby, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
 
Single Or Females: 
Person : [ Name : Robert, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Diana, Gender : Female, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Mike, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Bobby, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ]
Person : [ Name : Laura, Gender : Female, Marital Status : Married ]

附带现今还无法看懂的一个评论：

过滤模式的实现在java8里面有典型的应用方法就是分组操作，可以根据指定的指标进行分组筛选。

Map<Integer, List<Person >> groupMap = persons.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getGender));
groupMap.forEach((k, v) -> {
    System.out.println(k);
    v.forEach(System.out::println);
});

得到的结果形式就是：

•  k：是分组的指标，上面代码中的 gender
•  v：是一个list的集合对象，就是 personList

过滤器模式就是要吧集合中不需要的东西根据不同的的过滤规则，或者组合性质的过滤规则来进行过滤，留下最终想要的数据，而不会因为后来添加新的规则后，或者更换过滤要求而需要进行批量的修改代码，非常简便好用的设计模式。