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部署YUM仓库及NFS共享_yum install nfs-utils

作者：2023面试高手 | 2024-05-05 03:06:19

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yum install nfs-utils

部署YUM仓库及NFS共享服务

结构

部署YUM仓库服务

  • 构建YUM软件仓库

  • 使用YUM工具管理软件包

NFS共享存储服务

  • 使用NFS发布共享资源

  • 在客户端访问NFS共享

  • NFS客户端mount的挂载

YUM（Yellow dog Updater Modified）

借助YUM软件仓库，可以完成安装，卸载、总的升级rpm包等，能够自动查找并解决rpm

包之间的依赖关系，而无需管理逐个手工的去安装rpm包。是管理员维护大量的Linux服务器

本地构建以个源服务器，可以大大缓解软件安装升级等对Internet的依赖。

基于RPM包构建的软件更新机制

所有软件包由集中的YUM软件仓库提供

可以自动解决依赖关系

软件仓库的提供方式

FTP服务：ftp://

HTTP服务:http://

本地目录:file://

RPM软件包的来源

CentOS发布的RPM包集合

第三方组织发布的RPM包集合

用户自定义的RPM包集合（数据包依赖关系数据库）

打开telnet客户端

yum -y install net-tools 最小安装默认没有此工具

fps出现弹窗，说明三次握手成功

YUM的配置文件

基本设置：/etc/yum.comf

仓库设置:/etc/yum.repos.d/&.repo

日志文件：/var/log/yum.log

createrepos -v #自动生成依赖关系

查询软件包

yum list [文件名]

yum info [文件名]

yum search <关键词>

查询软件包组

yum grouplist [软件名]

yum groupinfo <包组名>

升级

yum update

yum groupupdate

[root@localhost~]# yum -y install net-snmp

[root@localhost~]# yum -y groupinstall gnome-desktop

[root@localhost~]# yum -y update # -y表示自动确定

卸载软件

yum remove [软件名]

yum groupremove <包组名>

/var/cache/yum 缓存所在目录

####搭建本地YUM仓库#####

##环境准备##

1、配置IP地址

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

BOOTPROTO=static ##修改

ONBOOT=yes ##修改

IPADDR=192.168.179.20 ##新增

NETMASK=255.255.255.0 ##新增

GATEWAY=192.168。179.2 ##新增

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart network ###重启网卡

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ##确认更改的IP地址是否生效

2、挂光盘

虚拟机中-设置-硬件-CD/DVD-设备状态（已连接和启动时连接勾选）-使用ISO文件要选中地址-确定

Centos设置 挂光盘

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载

永久挂载

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab ###下面配置参数是新增

/dev/cdrom /mnt iso9660 defaults 0 0

3、关防火墙

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service ##临时关闭

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service ##重启永久关闭

4、关核心防护

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 ##临时关闭

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux ##重启永久关闭

SELINUX=disabled ##更改

5、重启系统

[root@localhost ~]# init 6

  1. [root@localhost ~]# cd /opt
  2. [root@localhost opt]# ls
  3. rh
  4. [root@localhost opt]# cd /etc
  5. [root@localhost etc]# cd yum
  6. yum/         yum.repos.d/ 
  7. [root@localhost etc]# cd yum.repos.d/
  8. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
  9. CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-CR.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Me
  10. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir backup
  11. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
  12. backup  CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-CR.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  C
  13. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv C* backup
  14. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
  15. backup
  16. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
  17.  
  18. [local]
  19. name=local
  20. baseurl=file:///mnt
  21. gpgcheck=0
  22.  
  23. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
  24. backup  local.repo
  25. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf local.repo 
  26. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
  27. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
  28. mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
  29. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# df -hT
  30. Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
  31. /dev/sda3      xfs        36G  4.7G   32G  13% /
  32. devtmpfs       devtmpfs  1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
  33. tmpfs          tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
  34. tmpfs          tmpfs     1.9G  9.2M  1.9G   1% /run
  35. tmpfs          tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
  36. /dev/sda1      xfs       297M  157M  141M  53% /boot
  37. tmpfs          tmpfs     378M  4.0K  378M   1% /run/user/42
  38. tmpfs          tmpfs     378M   44K  378M   1% /run/user/1000
  39. /dev/sr1       iso9660   4.3G  4.3G     0 100% /run/media/richard/CentOS 7 x86_64
  40. /dev/sr0       iso9660   4.3G  4.3G     0 100% /mnt
  41. tmpfs          tmpfs     378M     0  378M   0% /run/user/0
  42. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/fstab 
  43. #添加永久挂载 /dev/cdrom /mnt iso9660 defaults 0 0
  44. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all && yum makecache
  45. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  46. Cleaning repos: local
  47. Cleaning up everything
  48. Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
  49. Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
  50. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  51. local                                                            | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
  52. (1/4): local/group_gz                                            | 156 kB  00:00:00     
  53. (2/4): local/filelists_db                                        | 3.1 MB  00:00:00     
  54. (3/4): local/primary_db                                          | 3.1 MB  00:00:00     
  55. (4/4): local/other_db                                            | 1.2 MB  00:00:00     
  56. Determining fastest mirrors
  57. Metadata Cache Created
  58. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install httpd
  59. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  60. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  61. Resolving Dependencies
  62. --> Running transaction check
  63. ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos will be installed
  64. --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-67.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
  65. --> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
  66. --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
  67. --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
  68. --> Running transaction check
  69. ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 will be installed
  70. ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
  71. ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos will be installed
  72. ---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
  73. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  74.  
  75. Dependencies Resolved
  76.  
  77. ========================================================================================
  78.  Package              Arch            Version                      Repository      Size
  79. ========================================================================================
  80. Installing:
  81.  httpd                x86_64          2.4.6-67.el7.centos          local          2.7 M
  82. Installing for dependencies:
  83.  apr                  x86_64          1.4.8-3.el7                  local          103 k
  84.  apr-util             x86_64          1.5.2-6.el7                  local           92 k
  85.  httpd-tools          x86_64          2.4.6-67.el7.centos          local           87 k
  86.  mailcap              noarch          2.1.41-2.el7                 local           31 k
  87.  
  88. Transaction Summary
  89. ========================================================================================
  90. Install  1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)
  91.  
  92. Total download size: 3.0 M
  93. Installed size: 10 M
  94. Downloading packages:
  95. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  96. Total                                                       93 MB/s | 3.0 MB  00:00     
  97. Running transaction check
  98. Running transaction test
  99. Transaction test succeeded
  100. Running transaction
  101.   Installing : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64                                               1/5 
  102.   Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64                                          2/5 
  103.   Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64                               3/5 
  104.   Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch                                          4/5 
  105.   Installing : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64                                     5/5 
  106.   Verifying  : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64                                     1/5 
  107.   Verifying  : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch                                          2/5 
  108.   Verifying  : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64                                               3/5 
  109.   Verifying  : httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64                               4/5 
  110.   Verifying  : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64                                          5/5 
  111.  
  112. Installed:
  113.   httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos                                                    
  114.  
  115. Dependency Installed:
  116.   apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7                         apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7        
  117.   httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos         mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7        
  118.  
  119. Complete!
  120. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

#####

####搭建线网YUM仓库#####

服务端：

  1. [root@localhost ~]# cd /var/ftp/
  2. [root@localhost ftp]# mkdir -p /var/ftp/centos7
  3. [root@localhost ftp]# cp -rf /mnt/* /var/ftp/centos7/
  4. [root@localhost ftp]# systemctl start vsftpdf
  5. Failed to start vsftpdf.service: Unit not found.
  6. [root@localhost ftp]# systemctl start vsftpd
  7. [root@localhost ftp]# systemctl enable vsftpd
  8. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
  9. [root@localhost ftp]# setenforce 0
  10. [root@localhost ftp]# systemctl stop firewalld
  11. [root@localhost ftp]#

客户端：

  1. [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
  2. [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
  3. [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
  4. [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
  5. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
  6. total 28
  7. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Aug 30  2017 CentOS-Base.repo
  8. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Aug 30  2017 CentOS-CR.repo
  9. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Aug 30  2017 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
  10. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  314 Aug 30  2017 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
  11. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Aug 30  2017 CentOS-Media.repo
  12. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Aug 30  2017 CentOS-Sources.repo
  13. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3830 Aug 30  2017 CentOS-Vault.repo
  14. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir backup
  15. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv C* backup
  16. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
  17.  
  18. [local]
  19. name=local
  20. baseurl=ftp://192.168.179.20/centos7
  21. gpgcheck=0
  22.  
  23. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install dhcp
  24. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  25. local                                                            | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
  26. (1/2): local/group_gz                                            | 156 kB  00:00:00     
  27. (2/2): local/primary_db                                          | 3.1 MB  00:00:00     
  28. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  29. Resolving Dependencies
  30. --> Running transaction check
  31. ---> Package dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-58.el7.centos will be installed
  32. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  33.  
  34. Dependencies Resolved
  35.  
  36. ========================================================================================
  37.  Package        Arch             Version                          Repository       Size
  38. ========================================================================================
  39. Installing:
  40.  dhcp           x86_64           12:4.2.5-58.el7.centos           local           513 k
  41.  
  42. Transaction Summary
  43. ========================================================================================
  44. Install  1 Package
  45.  
  46. Total download size: 513 k
  47. Installed size: 1.4 M
  48. Downloading packages:
  49. dhcp-4.2.5-58.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm                              | 513 kB  00:00:00     
  50. Running transaction check
  51. Running transaction test
  52. Transaction test succeeded
  53. Running transaction
  54.   Installing : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-58.el7.centos.x86_64                                   1/1 
  55.   Verifying  : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-58.el7.centos.x86_64                                   1/1 
  56.  
  57. Installed:
  58.   dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-58.el7.centos                                                    
  59.  
  60. Complete!
  61. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

搭建在线YUM

  1. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
  2. --2023-03-10 02:04:18--  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
  3. Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 222.186.149.91, 222.186.149.105, 222.186.149.90, ...
  4. Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|222.186.149.91|:443... connected.
  5. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
  6. Length: 2523 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]
  7. Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’
  8.  
  9. 100%[==============================================>] 2,523       --.-K/s   in 0.001s  
  10.  
  11. 2023-03-10 02:04:18 (1.86 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2523/2523]
  12.  
  13. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
  14. backup  CentOS-Base.repo  local.repo
  15. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv local.repo backup/
  16. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
  17. backup  CentOS-Base.repo
  18. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all && yum makecache
  19. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  20. Cleaning repos: base extras updates
  21. Cleaning up everything
  22. Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
  23. Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
  24. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  25. base                                                             | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
  26. extras                                                           | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
  27. updates                                                          | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
  28. base/7/x86_64/primary_db       FAILED                                          
  29. http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/6d0c3a488c282fe537794b5946b01e28c7f44db79097bb06826e1c0c88bad5ef-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com; Name or service not known"
  30. Trying other mirror.
  31. (1/10): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                   | 153 kB  00:00:00     
  32. (2/10): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db                             | 276 kB  00:00:00     
  33. (3/10): extras/7/x86_64/other_db                                 | 149 kB  00:00:00     
  34. (4/10): base/7/x86_64/other_db                                   | 2.6 MB  00:00:04     
  35. (5/10): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db                            |  11 MB  00:00:15     
  36. extras/7/x86_64/primary_db     FAILED                                          0:38 ETA 
  37. http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/repodata/511a574b4c3f907f9acfe5603566958fb6f09137292c5cd5d5d57c298864790f-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"
  38. Trying other mirror.
  39. base/7/x86_64/filelists_db     FAILED                                          
  40. http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/d6d94c7d406fe7ad4902a97104b39a0d8299451832a97f31d71653ba982c955b-filelists.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"
  41. Trying other mirror.
  42. (6/10): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                               | 249 kB  00:00:00     
  43. updates/7/x86_64/primary_db    FAILED                                          
  44. http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/repodata/bc8950506fb13622afd9eb93c811884b6e2e7570afd5fac946f708ac01ae0cff-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"
  45. Trying other mirror.
  46. (7/10): base/7/x86_64/primary_db                                 | 6.1 MB  00:00:07     
  47. updates/7/x86_64/other_db      FAILED                                          0:15 ETA 
  48. http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/repodata/33c5109226f2c5e469c8519c6102af5a7fe9fa4064ef8621e296da454197f370-other.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"
  49. Trying other mirror.
  50. (8/10): updates/7/x86_64/other_db                                | 1.3 MB  00:00:01     
  51. (9/10): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db                               | 7.2 MB  00:00:08     
  52. (10/10): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                             |  20 MB  00:00:24     
  53. Determining fastest mirrors
  54.  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
  55.  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
  56.  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
  57. Metadata Cache Created
  58. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install httpd
  59. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  60. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  61.  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
  62.  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
  63.  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
  64. Resolving Dependencies
  65. --> Running transaction check
  66. ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6 will be installed
  67. --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6 for package: httpd-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64
  68. --> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64
  69. --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64
  70. --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64
  71. --> Running transaction check
  72. ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 will be installed
  73. ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
  74. ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6 will be installed
  75. ---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
  76. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  77.  
  78. Dependencies Resolved
  79.  
  80. ========================================================================================
  81.  Package             Arch           Version                       Repository       Size
  82. ========================================================================================
  83. Installing:
  84.  httpd               x86_64         2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6         updates         2.7 M
  85. Installing for dependencies:
  86.  apr                 x86_64         1.4.8-7.el7                   base            104 k
  87.  apr-util            x86_64         1.5.2-6.el7                   base             92 k
  88.  httpd-tools         x86_64         2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6         updates          94 k
  89.  mailcap             noarch         2.1.41-2.el7                  base             31 k
  90.  
  91. Transaction Summary
  92. ========================================================================================
  93. Install  1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)
  94.  
  95. Total download size: 3.0 M
  96. Installed size: 10 M
  97. Downloading packages:
  98. warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
  99. Public key for apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
  100. (1/5): apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64.rpm                                | 104 kB  00:00:00     
  101. (2/5): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm                           |  92 kB  00:00:00     
  102. Public key for httpd-tools-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64.rpm is not installed
  103. (3/5): httpd-tools-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64.rpm              |  94 kB  00:00:00     
  104. (4/5): mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm                           |  31 kB  00:00:00     
  105. (5/5): httpd-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64.rpm                    | 2.7 MB  00:00:09     
  106. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  107. Total                                                      315 kB/s | 3.0 MB  00:09     
  108. Retrieving key from http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
  109. Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
  110.  Userid     : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
  111.  Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
  112.  From       : http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
  113. Running transaction check
  114. Running transaction test
  115. Transaction test succeeded
  116. Running transaction
  117.   Installing : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64                                               1/5 
  118.   Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64                                          2/5 
  119.   Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64                             3/5 
  120.   Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch                                          4/5 
  121.   Installing : httpd-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64                                   5/5 
  122.   Verifying  : httpd-tools-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64                             1/5 
  123.   Verifying  : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch                                          2/5 
  124.   Verifying  : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64                                               3/5 
  125.   Verifying  : httpd-2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6.x86_64                                   4/5 
  126.   Verifying  : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64                                          5/5 
  127.  
  128. Installed:
  129.   httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6                                                  
  130.  
  131. Dependency Installed:
  132.   apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7                          apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7       
  133.   httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-98.el7.centos.6        mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7       
  134.  
  135. Complete!
  136. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

###上述服务端的yum仓库是有依赖关系的，如果没有依赖关系，如何解决呢？###

##登录服务端 192.168.100.31##

[root@localhost centos7]# cd /var/ftp/centos7/

[root@localhost centos7]# rm -rf * ####线网 中 这是高危命令，不要乱敲###

#Xftp上传rpm软件包#这边用第三方的rpm包源 没有依赖关系

登录192.168.100.31 进入/var/ftp/centos7/ 的目录上传第三方 yum 源。没有repodata ，接下来解决依赖关系

##解决依赖关系，生成软件包关系####repodata

rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm ###如果没装createrepo 安装createrepo##

解决依赖关系要先装deltarpm-3.5-* python-deltarpm-3.5* ###

[root@localhost centos7]# cd /var/ftp/centos7/

[root@localhost centos7]# createrepo -v ./ #####自动生成依赖关系，这个在那个目录。

实验如下：

服务机：

  1. [root@localhost ftp]# cd /var/ftp/centos7/
  2. [root@localhost centos7]# rm -rf *
  3. [root@localhost centos7]# ls

客户机：

  1. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install  httpd
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  3. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  4. Resolving Dependencies
  5. --> Running transaction check
  6. ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos will be installed
  7. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  8.  
  9. Dependencies Resolved
  10.  
  11. ==============================================================================
  12.  Package       Arch           Version                     Repository     Size
  13. ==============================================================================
  14. Installing:
  15.  httpd         x86_64         2.4.6-67.el7.centos         local         2.7 M
  16.  
  17. Transaction Summary
  18. ==============================================================================
  19. Install  1 Package
  20.  
  21. Total download size: 2.7 M
  22. Installed size: 9.4 M
  23. Downloading packages:
  24. httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_ FAILED                                          
  25. ftp://192.168.179.20/centos7/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 14] FTP Error 550 - Server denied you to change to the given directory
  26. Trying other mirror.
  27.  
  28.  
  29. Error downloading packages:
  30.   httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.

#####问题解决方案 ，如果vsftp有问题。刷下面配置参数####

[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf ####编辑vsftpd.conf

##############清空里面内容，刷下面脚本这是开启匿名访问的#######

anonymous_enable=YES

#anon_upload_enable=YES

#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

#anon_other_write_enable=YES

anon_umask=022

local_enable=YES

local_max_rate=102400

chroot_local_user=yes

write_enable=YES

local_umask=022

dirmessage_enable=YES

xferlog_enable=YES

connect_from_port_20=YES

xferlog_std_format=YES

#######################vsftp服务开启和查看状态###############################

[root@localhost vsftpd]# systemctl start vsftpd

[root@localhost vsftpd]# systemctl status vsftpd

#######################在连接虚拟机，使用ftp工具登录#######

在另外一台装ftp 客户端测试下

rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/ftp-*

输入IP地址：192.168.32.11 （这是虚拟机服务器的IP地址）

账号：ftp

密码：空的 #密码不要输入

#进去后，做相关的下载、删除测试。

#################设置客户端######

cd /etc/yum.repos.d

ls

vi local.repo

####

[yum]

name=centos6

baseurl=ftp://192.168.32.187/centos7

enabled=1 ##0 不开启

gpgcheck=0 ##0不验证

[yum]

name=docker

baseurl=ftp://192.168.32.187/docker

enabled=1 ##0 不开启

gpgcheck=0 ##0不验证

####

在yum.repos.d 中有些不用的yum文件，个人建议放到其他目录中

在里面新建个backup文件，其他的文件都移到这个文件夹中

####

####

设置本地文件源yum

####

[yum]

name=centos

baseurl=file:///mnt ###这边也可以写成file:/mnt

enabled=1 ##0 不开启

gpgcheck=0 ##0不验证

[Local]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Base

baseurl=file:///mnt

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

Network File System 网络文件系统

依赖于RPC（远程过程调用）

系统服务:nfs/rpcbind

1. 安装nfs-utils、rpcbind软件包

2. 设置共享目录

NFS服务：

2台

一台服务器:nfs-utils rpcbind

vi /etc/exports

/opt/share 20.0.0.0/24(ro,sync)

/opt/share1 20.0.0.54(rw,sync)

一台客户机：mount

yum -y install nfs-utils

systemctl start rpcbind//先启动

systemctl start nfs//后启动

mount 20.0.0.55:/opt/share /opt/share

mount 20.0.0.55:/opt/share1 /opt/share1

#####关于读写权限#######

一个是配置文件（vi /etc/exports (rw,sync)）

一个是文件目录权限 （参考所用程序账户来决定）

环境准备、配置服务端

  1. [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  3. Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 12310.
  4. Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
  5.   The other application is: PackageKit
  6.     Memory : 201 M RSS (1.5 GB VSZ)
  7.     Started: Fri Mar 10 02:21:28 2023 - 03:38 ago
  8.     State  : Sleeping, pid: 12310
  9. Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
  10.   The other application is: PackageKit
  11.     Memory : 201 M RSS (1.5 GB VSZ)
  12.     Started: Fri Mar 10 02:21:28 2023 - 03:40 ago
  13.     State  : Sleeping, pid: 12310
  14. ^C
  15.  
  16. Exiting on user cancel.
  17. [root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/run/yum.pid 
  18. [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
  19. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  20. base                                                             | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
  21. extras                                                           | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
  22. updates                                                          | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
  23. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  24.  * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
  25.  * extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
  26.  * updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
  27. Resolving Dependencies
  28. --> Running transaction check
  29. ---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.48.el7 will be updated
  30. ---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 will be an update
  31. ---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-42.el7 will be updated
  32. ---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7 will be an update
  33. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  34.  
  35. Dependencies Resolved
  36.  
  37. ========================================================================================
  38.  Package            Arch            Version                      Repository        Size
  39. ========================================================================================
  40. Updating:
  41.  nfs-utils          x86_64          1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2           updates          413 k
  42.  rpcbind            x86_64          0.2.0-49.el7                 base              60 k
  43.  
  44. Transaction Summary
  45. ========================================================================================
  46. Upgrade  2 Packages
  47.  
  48. Total size: 473 k
  49. Total download size: 413 k
  50. Downloading packages:
  51. No Presto metadata available for updates
  52. warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
  53. Public key for nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm is not installed
  54. nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm                            | 413 kB  00:00:00     
  55. Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
  56. Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
  57.  Userid     : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
  58.  Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
  59.  Package    : centos-release-7-4.1708.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda)
  60.  From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
  61. Running transaction check
  62. Running transaction test
  63. Transaction test succeeded
  64. Running transaction
  65.   Updating   : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64                                          1/4 
  66.   Updating   : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64                                  2/4 
  67.   Cleanup    : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64                                    3/4 
  68.   Cleanup    : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64                                          4/4 
  69.   Verifying  : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64                                  1/4 
  70.   Verifying  : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64                                          2/4 
  71.   Verifying  : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64                                          3/4 
  72.   Verifying  : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64                                    4/4 
  73.  
  74. Updated:
  75.   nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2           rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7          
  76.  
  77. Complete!
  78. [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/exports
  79. [root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpu | grep rpcbind
  80. [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rpcbind
  81. [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nfs
  82. [root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpu | grep rpcbind
  83. udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:880             0.0.0.0:*                           14698/rpcbind       
  84. udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*                           14698/rpcbind       
  85. udp6       0      0 :::880                  :::*                                14698/rpcbind       
  86. udp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                                14698/rpcbind       
  87. [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/pub
  88. [root@localhost ~]# chown nfsnobody /opt/pub/

配置客户端：

  1. [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  3. base                                                             | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
  4. extras                                                           | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
  5. updates                                                          | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
  6. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  7.  * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
  8.  * extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
  9.  * updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
  10. Resolving Dependencies
  11. --> Running transaction check
  12. ---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.48.el7 will be updated
  13. ---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 will be an update
  14. ---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-42.el7 will be updated
  15. ---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7 will be an update
  16. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  17.  
  18. Dependencies Resolved
  19.  
  20. ========================================================================================
  21.  Package            Arch            Version                      Repository        Size
  22. ========================================================================================
  23. Updating:
  24.  nfs-utils          x86_64          1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2           updates          413 k
  25.  rpcbind            x86_64          0.2.0-49.el7                 base              60 k
  26.  
  27. Transaction Summary
  28. ========================================================================================
  29. Upgrade  2 Packages
  30.  
  31. Total size: 473 k
  32. Total download size: 413 k
  33. Downloading packages:
  34. No Presto metadata available for updates
  35. warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
  36. Public key for nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm is not installed
  37. nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm                            | 413 kB  00:00:00     
  38. Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
  39. Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
  40.  Userid     : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
  41.  Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
  42.  Package    : centos-release-7-4.1708.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda)
  43.  From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
  44. Running transaction check
  45. Running transaction test
  46. Transaction test succeeded
  47. Running transaction
  48.   Updating   : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64                                          1/4 
  49.   Updating   : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64                                  2/4 
  50.   Cleanup    : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64                                    3/4 
  51.   Cleanup    : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64                                          4/4 
  52.   Verifying  : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64                                  1/4 
  53.   Verifying  : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64                                          2/4 
  54.   Verifying  : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64                                          3/4 
  55.   Verifying  : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64                                    4/4 
  56.  
  57. Updated:
  58.   nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2           rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7          
  59.  
  60. Complete!
  61. [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
  62. [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
  63. [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
  64. [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
  65. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
  66. total 28
  67. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Aug 30  2017 CentOS-Base.repo
  68. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Aug 30  2017 CentOS-CR.repo
  69. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Aug 30  2017 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
  70. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  314 Aug 30  2017 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
  71. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Aug 30  2017 CentOS-Media.repo
  72. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Aug 30  2017 CentOS-Sources.repo
  73. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3830 Aug 30  2017 CentOS-Vault.repo
  74. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir backup
  75. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv C* backup
  76. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
  77. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install dhcp
  78. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  79. local                                                            | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
  80. (1/2): local/group_gz                                            | 156 kB  00:00:00     
  81. (2/2): local/primary_db                                          | 3.1 MB  00:00:00     
  82. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  83. Resolving Dependencies
  84. --> Running transaction check
  85. ---> Package dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-58.el7.centos will be installed
  86. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  87.  
  88. Dependencies Resolved
  89.  
  90. ========================================================================================
  91.  Package        Arch             Version                          Repository       Size
  92. ========================================================================================
  93. Installing:
  94.  dhcp           x86_64           12:4.2.5-58.el7.centos           local           513 k
  95.  
  96. Transaction Summary
  97. ========================================================================================
  98. Install  1 Package
  99.  
  100. Total download size: 513 k
  101. Installed size: 1.4 M
  102. Downloading packages:
  103. dhcp-4.2.5-58.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm                              | 513 kB  00:00:00     
  104. Running transaction check
  105. Running transaction test
  106. Transaction test succeeded
  107. Running transaction
  108.   Installing : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-58.el7.centos.x86_64                                   1/1 
  109.   Verifying  : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-58.el7.centos.x86_64                                   1/1 
  110.  
  111. Installed:
  112.   dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-58.el7.centos                                                    
  113.  
  114. Complete!
  115. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
  116. [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
  117. Socket error Event: 32 Error: 10053.
  118. Connection closing...Socket close.
  119.  
  120. Connection closed by foreign host.
  121.  
  122. Disconnected from remote host(备用1) at 18:11:22.
  123.  
  124. Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
  125. [C:\~]$ 
  126.  
  127. Connecting to 192.168.179.21:22...
  128. Connection established.
  129. To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
  130.  
  131. Last login: Thu Mar  9 18:19:08 2023
  132. [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils.x86_64 rpcbind.x86_64 
  133. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  134. base                                                             | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
  135. extras                                                           | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
  136. updates                                                          | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
  137. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  138.  * base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
  139.  * extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
  140.  * updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
  141. Resolving Dependencies
  142. --> Running transaction check
  143. ---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.48.el7 will be updated
  144. ---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 will be an update
  145. ---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-42.el7 will be updated
  146. ---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7 will be an update
  147. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  148.  
  149. Dependencies Resolved
  150.  
  151. ========================================================================================
  152.  Package            Arch            Version                      Repository        Size
  153. ========================================================================================
  154. Updating:
  155.  nfs-utils          x86_64          1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2           updates          413 k
  156.  rpcbind            x86_64          0.2.0-49.el7                 base              60 k
  157.  
  158. Transaction Summary
  159. ========================================================================================
  160. Upgrade  2 Packages
  161.  
  162. Total size: 473 k
  163. Downloading packages:
  164. warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
  165. Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
  166. Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
  167.  Userid     : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
  168.  Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
  169.  Package    : centos-release-7-4.1708.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda)
  170.  From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
  171. Running transaction check
  172. Running transaction test
  173. Transaction test succeeded
  174. Running transaction
  175.   Updating   : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64                                          1/4 
  176.   Updating   : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64                                  2/4 
  177.   Cleanup    : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64                                    3/4 
  178.   Cleanup    : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64                                          4/4 
  179.   Verifying  : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64                                  1/4 
  180.   Verifying  : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64                                          2/4 
  181.   Verifying  : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64                                          3/4 
  182.   Verifying  : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64                                    4/4 
  183.  
  184. Updated:
  185.   nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2           rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7          
  186.  
  187. Complete!
  188. [root@localhost ~]# 
  189. [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rpcbind.service 
  190. [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nfs
  191. [root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.179.20
  192. Export list for 192.168.179.20:
  193. /usr/share 192.168.179.0/24
  194. /opt/pub   192.168.179.21
  195. [root@localhost ~]# mount 192.168.179.20:/usr/share /media
  196. [root@localhost ~]# ls /usr
  197. bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  local  sbin  share  src  tmp
  198. [root@localhost ~]# df -hT
  199. Filesystem                Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
  200. /dev/sda3                 xfs        38G  4.7G   34G  13% /
  201. devtmpfs                  devtmpfs  898M     0  898M   0% /dev
  202. tmpfs                     tmpfs     912M     0  912M   0% /dev/shm
  203. tmpfs                     tmpfs     912M  9.1M  903M   1% /run
  204. tmpfs                     tmpfs     912M     0  912M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
  205. /dev/sda1                 xfs       297M  157M  141M  53% /boot
  206. tmpfs                     tmpfs     183M  8.0K  183M   1% /run/user/42
  207. tmpfs                     tmpfs     183M     0  183M   0% /run/user/0
  208. tmpfs                     tmpfs     183M   32K  183M   1% /run/user/1000
  209. 192.168.179.20:/usr/share nfs4       36G  4.7G   32G  13% /media
  210. [root@localhost ~]# cd /srv
  211. [root@localhost srv]# ll
  212. total 0
  213. [root@localhost srv]# touch 1.txt
  214. [root@localhost srv]# ls
  215. 1.txt
  216. [root@localhost srv]# 
  217. Socket error Event: 32 Error: 10053.
  218. Connection closing...Socket close.
  219.  
  220. Connection closed by foreign host.
  221.  
  222. Disconnected from remote host(备用1) at 18:24:23.
  223.  
  224. Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
  225. [C:\~]$ 
  226.  
  227. Connecting to 192.168.179.21:22...
  228. Connection established.
  229. To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
  230.  
  231. Last login: Thu Mar  9 18:19:08 2023
  232. [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
  233. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  234. base                                                             | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
  235. extras                                                           | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
  236. updates                                                          | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
  237. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  238.  * base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
  239.  * extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
  240.  * updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
  241. Resolving Dependencies
  242. --> Running transaction check
  243. ---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.48.el7 will be updated
  244. ---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 will be an update
  245. ---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-42.el7 will be updated
  246. ---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7 will be an update
  247. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  248.  
  249. Dependencies Resolved
  250.  
  251. ========================================================================================
  252.  Package            Arch            Version                      Repository        Size
  253. ========================================================================================
  254. Updating:
  255.  nfs-utils          x86_64          1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2           updates          413 k
  256.  rpcbind            x86_64          0.2.0-49.el7                 base              60 k
  257.  
  258. Transaction Summary
  259. ========================================================================================
  260. Upgrade  2 Packages
  261.  
  262. Total size: 473 k
  263. Downloading packages:
  264. warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
  265. Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
  266. Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
  267.  Userid     : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
  268.  Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
  269.  Package    : centos-release-7-4.1708.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda)
  270.  From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
  271. Running transaction check
  272. Running transaction test
  273. Transaction test succeeded
  274. Running transaction
  275.   Updating   : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64                                          1/4 
  276.   Updating   : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64                                  2/4 
  277.   Cleanup    : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64                                    3/4 
  278.   Cleanup    : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64                                          4/4 
  279.   Verifying  : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64                                  1/4 
  280.   Verifying  : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64                                          2/4 
  281.   Verifying  : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64                                          3/4 
  282.   Verifying  : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64                                    4/4 
  283.  
  284. Updated:
  285.   nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2           rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7          
  286.  
  287. Complete!
  288. [root@localhost ~]# systemctl s
  289. set-default       show              start             suspend
  290. set-environment   show-environment  status            switch-root
  291. set-property      snapshot          stop              
  292. [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rpcbind
  293. [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nfs
  294. [root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.179.20
  295. Export list for 192.168.179.20:
  296. /usr/share 192.168.179.0/24
  297. /opt/pub   192.168.179.21
  298. [root@localhost ~]# mount 192.168.179.20:/usr/share /media/
  299. [root@localhost ~]# df -Th
  300. Filesystem                Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
  301. /dev/sda3                 xfs        38G  4.7G   34G  13% /
  302. devtmpfs                  devtmpfs  898M     0  898M   0% /dev
  303. tmpfs                     tmpfs     912M     0  912M   0% /dev/shm
  304. tmpfs                     tmpfs     912M  9.1M  903M   1% /run
  305. tmpfs                     tmpfs     912M     0  912M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
  306. /dev/sda1                 xfs       297M  157M  141M  53% /boot
  307. tmpfs                     tmpfs     183M  8.0K  183M   1% /run/user/42
  308. tmpfs                     tmpfs     183M     0  183M   0% /run/user/0
  309. tmpfs                     tmpfs     183M   28K  183M   1% /run/user/1000
  310. 192.168.179.20:/usr/share nfs4       36G  4.4G   32G  13% /media
  311. [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab 
  312. [root@localhost ~]# init 6                #重启
  313. Connection closing...Socket close.
  314.  
  315. Connection closed by foreign host.
  316.  
  317. Disconnected from remote host(备用1) at 18:29:49.

在客户端写入：

  1. Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
  2. [C:\~]$ 
  3.  
  4. Connecting to 192.168.179.21:22...
  5. Connection established.
  6. To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
  7.  
  8. Last login: Fri Mar 10 02:24:53 2023 from 192.168.179.1
  9. [root@localhost ~]# cd /srv
  10. [root@localhost srv]# ll
  11. total 0
  12. [root@localhost srv]# touch 1.txt
  13. [root@localhost srv]# ls
  14. 1.txt
  15. [root@localhost srv]#

服务端查看：

  1. [root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/pub/
  2. [root@localhost pub]# ls
  3. 1.txt
  4. [root@localhost pub]# ll
  5. total 0
  6. -rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 Mar 10 02:30 1.txt
  7. [root@localhost pub]#
####搭建NFS共享服务###
##环境准备##
1、准备2台centos服务器
192.168.100.31 ###服务端
192.168.100.32 ###客户端
##配置服务端192.168.100.31 ##
yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
vi /etc/exports
/usr/share 192.168.100.0/24(ro,sync)
/opt/pub 192.168.100.32(rw,sync)
systemctl start rpcbind //先启动
systemctl start nfs //后启动
netstat -anpu | grep rpcbind //UDP 111端口在监听
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/pub
chown nfsnobody /opt/pub/
##配置客户端192.168.100.32 ##
------------以下在客户端操作---------
yum install nfs-utils
systemctl start rpcbind //先启动
systemctl start nfs //后启动
[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.100.31
Export list for 192.168.100.31:
/usr/share 192.168.100.0/24
/opt/pub 192.168.100.32
mount 192.168.100.31:/usr/share /media/
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 50G 3.6G 47G 8% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 9.0M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-home xfs 245G 33M 245G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 179M 836M 18% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 32K 378M 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 iso9660 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
192.168.100.31:/usr/share nfs4 50G 3.9G 47G 8% /media
##配置服务端192.168.100.32 ##
--------以下实现自动挂载----------
vi /etc/fstab
192.168.100.31:/opt/pub /srv nfs defaults,_netdev 0 0
init 6 ###重启
##验证在192.168.100.32##
[root@localhost ~]# cd /srv/
[root@localhost srv]# ll
总用量 0
[root@localhost srv]# touch 1.txt
[root@localhost srv]# vi 1.txt
##验证在192.168.100.31##
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/pub/
[root@localhost pub]# ll
总用量 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 11 1月 2 08:25 1.txt ####能写功能正常/opt/pub 192.168.100.32(rw,sync) 生效##

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