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Linux文件压缩与打包

作者：AllinToyou | 2024-03-06 09:21:04

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/etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.policykit1.conf

准备工作

  1. [root@centos-01 ~]# cd /tmp/
  2. [root@centos-01 tmp]# ls
  3. 1.txt
  4. systemd-private-40c0e692674844949b91361dc6ab4a40-chronyd.service-6km7K9
  5. systemd-private-40c0e692674844949b91361dc6ab4a40-vgauthd.service-3W1kyg
  6. systemd-private-40c0e692674844949b91361dc6ab4a40-vmtoolsd.service-wJZPyD
  7. [root@centos-01 tmp]# mkdir mytest
  8. [root@centos-01 tmp]# cd mytest/
  9. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  10. [root@centos-01 mytest]# find /etc/ -type f -name "*conf"
  11. /etc/lvm/lvm.conf
  12. /etc/lvm/lvmlocal.conf
  13. /etc/resolv.conf
  14. /etc/pki/ca-trust/ca-legacy.conf
  15. /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/fastestmirror.conf
  16. /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/langpacks.conf
  17. /etc/yum/protected.d/systemd.conf
  18. /etc/yum/version-groups.conf
  19. /etc/asound.conf
  20. /etc/sasl2/smtpd.conf
  21. /etc/logrotate.conf
  22. /etc/openldap/ldap.conf
  23. /etc/libuser.conf
  24. /etc/sestatus.conf
  25. /etc/yum.conf
  26. /etc/host.conf
  27. /etc/dracut.conf
  28. /etc/dbus-1/system.d/teamd.conf
  29. /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.hostname1.conf
  30. /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.import1.conf
  31. /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.locale1.conf
  32. /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.login1.conf
  33. /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.machine1.conf
  34. /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.systemd1.conf
  35. /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.timedate1.conf
  36. /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.conf
  37. /etc/dbus-1/system.d/wpa_supplicant.conf
  38. /etc/dbus-1/system.d/nm-dispatcher.conf
  39. /etc/dbus-1/system.d/nm-ifcfg-rh.conf
  40. /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.conf
  41. /etc/dbus-1/system.d/com.redhat.tuned.conf
  42. /etc/dbus-1/system.d/FirewallD.conf
  43. /etc/dbus-1/system.d/dnsmasq.conf
  44. /etc/dbus-1/session.conf
  45. /etc/dbus-1/system.conf
  46. /etc/depmod.d/dist.conf
  47. /etc/modprobe.d/tuned.conf
  48. /etc/systemd/bootchart.conf
  49. /etc/systemd/coredump.conf
  50. /etc/systemd/journald.conf
  51. /etc/systemd/logind.conf
  52. /etc/systemd/system.conf
  53. /etc/systemd/user.conf
  54. /etc/rsyslog.d/listen.conf
  55. /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf
  56. /etc/prelink.conf.d/nss-softokn-prelink.conf
  57. /etc/prelink.conf.d/fipscheck.conf
  58. /etc/prelink.conf.d/grub2.conf
  59. /etc/ld.so.conf
  60. /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mariadb-x86_64.conf
  61. /etc/ld.so.conf.d/kernel-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64.conf
  62. /etc/nsswitch.conf
  63. /etc/udev/udev.conf
  64. /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
  65. /etc/libaudit.conf
  66. /etc/fuse.conf
  67. /etc/GeoIP.conf
  68. /etc/selinux/semanage.conf
  69. /etc/selinux/targeted/setrans.conf
  70. /etc/sysctl.conf
  71. /etc/krb5.conf
  72. /etc/security/pwquality.conf
  73. /etc/security/access.conf
  74. /etc/security/chroot.conf
  75. /etc/security/group.conf
  76. /etc/security/limits.conf
  77. /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf
  78. /etc/security/namespace.conf
  79. /etc/security/pam_env.conf
  80. /etc/security/sepermit.conf
  81. /etc/security/time.conf
  82. /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
  83. /etc/plymouth/plymouthd.conf
  84. /etc/tuned/tuned-main.conf
  85. /etc/vmware-tools/guestproxy-ssl.conf
  86. /etc/vmware-tools/vgauth.conf
  87. /etc/firewalld/firewalld.conf
  88. /etc/kdump.conf
  89. /etc/audisp/audispd.conf
  90. /etc/audisp/plugins.d/af_unix.conf
  91. /etc/audisp/plugins.d/syslog.conf
  92. /etc/audit/auditd.conf
  93. /etc/chrony.conf
  94. /etc/rsyslog.conf
  95. /etc/man_db.conf
  96. /etc/sudo-ldap.conf
  97. /etc/sudo.conf
  98. /etc/e2fsck.conf
  99. /etc/mke2fs.conf
  100. /etc/vconsole.conf
  101. /etc/locale.conf
  102. /etc/updatedb.conf
  103. /etc/dnsmasq.conf
  104. [root@centos-01 mytest]# find /etc/ -type f -name "*conf" -exec cat {} >> 2.txt \;
  105. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  106. 2.txt
  107. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh 2.txt 
  108. 240K    2.txt
  109. [root@centos-01 mytest]# find /etc/ -type f -name "*conf" -exec cat {} >> 2.txt \;
  110. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh 2.txt 
  111. 476K    2.txt
  112. [root@centos-01 mytest]# find /etc/ -type f -name "*conf" -exec cat {} >> 2.txt \;
  113. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh 2.txt 
  114. 1.2M    2.txt
  115. [root@centos-01 mytest]# find /etc/ -type f -name "*conf" -exec cat {} >> 2.txt \;
  116. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh 2.txt 
  117. 1.2M    2.txt
  118. [root@centos-01 mytest]# find /etc/ -type f -name "*conf" -exec cat {} >> 2.txt \;
  119. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh 2.txt 
  120. 1.2M    2.txt
  121. [root@centos-01 mytest]# find /etc/ -type f -name "*conf" -exec cat {} >> 2.txt \;
  122. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh 2.txt 
  123. 2.2M    2.txt
  124. [root@centos-01 mytest]# wc -l 2.txt 
  125. 36486 2.txt
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gzip压缩工具

语法：gzip [-dn] filename（n为1-9的数字）

  • “-d”：解压缩时使用
  • “-n” （n为1-9的数字）：压缩等级，第1级为最快压缩，但压缩量最小；第9级的压缩速度最慢，但压缩量最大。默认级别为6，“--fast”和“--best”分别等价于“-1”和“-9”。
  1. [root@centos-01 mytest]# gzip 2.txt 
  2. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  3. 2.txt.gz
  4. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh 2.txt.gz 
  5. 376K    2.txt.gz
  6. [root@centos-01 mytest]# gzip -d 2.txt.gz 
  7. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  8. 2.txt
  9. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh 2.txt 
  10. 1.4M    2.txt
  11. [root@centos-01 mytest]# wc -l 2.txt 
  12. 36486 2.txt
  13. [root@centos-01 mytest]# gzip -1 2.txt 
  14. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh 2.txt.gz 
  15. 444K    2.txt.gz
  16. [root@centos-01 mytest]# gunzip 2.txt.gz 
  17. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  18. 2.txt
  19. [root@centos-01 mytest]# gzip -9 2.txt 
  20. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh 2.txt.gz 
  21. 372K    2.txt.gz
  22. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  23. 2.txt.gz
  24. [root@centos-01 mytest]# file 2.txt.gz 
  25. 2.txt.gz: gzip compressed data, was "2.txt", from Unix, last modified: Fri May  4 10:49:46 2018, max compression
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  • zcat命令查看压缩文件内容
[root@centos-01 mytest]# zcat 2.txt.gz
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  1. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  2. 2.txt.gz
  3. [root@centos-01 mytest]# gzip -d 2.txt.gz 
  4. [root@centos-01 mytest]# gzip -c 2.txt > /tmp/2.txt.gz
  5. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  6. 2.txt
  7. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls /tmp/
  8. 1.txt     systemd-private-ad61a62cb5b4492ca6ac55582093dd32-chronyd.service-yzD92d
  9. 2.txt.gz  systemd-private-ad61a62cb5b4492ca6ac55582093dd32-vgauthd.service-inJewP
  10. mytest    systemd-private-ad61a62cb5b4492ca6ac55582093dd32-vmtoolsd.service-Exaldt
  11. [root@centos-01 mytest]# file /tmp/2.txt.gz 
  12. /tmp/2.txt.gz: gzip compressed data, was "2.txt", from Unix, last modified: Fri May  4 10:49:46 2018
  13. [root@centos-01 mytest]# gzip -d -c /tmp/2.txt.gz > /tmp/mytest/3.txt
  14. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  15. 2.txt  3.txt
  16. [root@centos-01 mytest]# wc -l 2.txt 3.txt 
  17.   36486 2.txt
  18.   36486 3.txt
  19.   72972 总用量
  20. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh *.txt
  21. 1.4M    2.txt
  22. 1.4M    3.txt
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  • gzip是不支持压缩目录的。

bzip2压缩工具

  1. [root@centos-01 mytest]# bzip2 2.txt 
  2. -bash: bzip2: 未找到命令
  3. [root@centos-01 mytest]# yum install -y bzip2
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语法：bzip2 [-dz] filename

  • “-d”：解压缩
  • “-z”：压缩
  1. [root@centos-01 mytest]# bzip2 2.txt 
  2. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  3. 2.txt.bz2  3.txt
  4. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh 2.txt.bz2 
  5. 160K    2.txt.bz2
  6. [root@centos-01 mytest]# bzip2 -d 2.txt.bz2 
  7. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  8. 2.txt  3.txt
  9. [root@centos-01 mytest]# bzip2 2.txt 
  10. [root@centos-01 mytest]# bunzip2 2.txt.bz2 
  11. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  12. 2.txt  3.txt
  13. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls /tmp/
  14. 1.txt     systemd-private-604486059e93474a8b695802ff294d42-chronyd.service-nvD2qs
  15. 2.txt.gz  systemd-private-604486059e93474a8b695802ff294d42-vgauthd.service-xKKbjw
  16. mytest    systemd-private-604486059e93474a8b695802ff294d42-vmtoolsd.service-yaJKgA
  17. [root@centos-01 mytest]# bzip2 -c 2.txt > /tmp/3.txt.bz2
  18. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh /tmp/3.txt.bz2 
  19. 160K    /tmp/3.txt.bz2
  20. [root@centos-01 mytest]# bzip2 -d -c /tmp/3.txt.bz2 > 4.txt
  21. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  22. 2.txt  3.txt  4.txt
  23. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh 4.txt 
  24. 1.4M    4.txt
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  • bzcat命令查看压缩文件内容
[root@centos-01 mytest]# bzcat /tmp/3.txt.bz2
  • 1
  • bzip2不可以压缩目录

xz压缩工具

  1. [root@centos-01 mytest]# xz 2.txt 
  2. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  3. 2.txt.xz  3.txt  4.txt
  4. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh 2.txt.xz 
  5. 56K 2.txt.xz
  6. [root@centos-01 mytest]# xz -d 2.txt.xz 
  7. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  8. 2.txt  3.txt  4.txt
  9. [root@centos-01 mytest]# xz 2.txt 
  10. [root@centos-01 mytest]# unxz 2.txt.xz 
  11. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  12. 2.txt  3.txt  4.txt
  13. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls /tmp/
  14. 1.txt      systemd-private-604486059e93474a8b695802ff294d42-chronyd.service-nvD2qs
  15. 2.txt.gz   systemd-private-604486059e93474a8b695802ff294d42-vgauthd.service-xKKbjw
  16. 3.txt.bz2  systemd-private-604486059e93474a8b695802ff294d42-vmtoolsd.service-yaJKgA
  17. mytest
  18. [root@centos-01 mytest]# xz -c 2.txt > /tmp/4.txt.xz
  19. [root@centos-01 mytest]# xz -d -c /tmp/4.txt.xz > ./1.txt
  20. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ll
  21. 总用量 5712
  22. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1460358 5月   4 20:42 1.txt
  23. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1460358 5月   4 10:49 2.txt
  24. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1460358 5月   4 20:28 3.txt
  25. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1460358 5月   4 20:30 4.txt
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  • xzcat命令查看压缩文件内容
[root@centos-01 mytest]# xzcat /tmp/4.txt.xz
  • 1

zip压缩工具

  1. [root@centos-01 mytest]# tree /tmp/
  2. /tmp/
  3. ├── 1.txt
  4. ├── 2.txt.gz
  5. ├── 3.txt.bz2
  6. ├── 4.txt.xz
  7. ├── mytest
  8. │   ├── 1.txt
  9. │   ├── 2.txt
  10. │   ├── 3.txt
  11. │   ├── 4.txt
  12. │   └── yourtest
  13. │       ├── 1.txt
  14. │       ├── 2.txt
  15. │       ├── 3.txt
  16. │       └── 4.txt
  17. ├── systemd-private-604486059e93474a8b695802ff294d42-chronyd.service-nvD2qs
  18. │   └── tmp
  19. ├── systemd-private-604486059e93474a8b695802ff294d42-vgauthd.service-xKKbjw
  20. │   └── tmp
  21. └── systemd-private-604486059e93474a8b695802ff294d42-vmtoolsd.service-yaJKgA
  22.     └── tmp
  23.         └── vmware-root
  24.  
  25. 9 directories, 12 files
  26. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh yourtest/
  27. 5.6M    yourtest/
  28. [root@centos-01 mytest]# zip 2.txt.zip 2.txt
  29. -bash: zip: 未找到命令
  30. [root@centos-01 mytest]# yum install -y zip
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  1. [root@centos-01 mytest]# zip 2.txt.zip 2.txt
  2.   adding: 2.txt (deflated 74%)
  3. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh 2.txt.zip 
  4. 376K    2.txt.zip
  5. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  6. 1.txt  2.txt  2.txt.zip  3.txt  4.txt  yourtest
  7. [root@centos-01 mytest]# zip -r yourtest.zip yourtest 3.txt 
  8.   adding: yourtest/ (stored 0%)
  9.   adding: yourtest/3.txt (deflated 74%)
  10.   adding: yourtest/4.txt (deflated 74%)
  11.   adding: yourtest/2.txt (deflated 74%)
  12.   adding: yourtest/1.txt (deflated 74%)
  13.   adding: 3.txt (deflated 74%)
  14. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  15. 1.txt  2.txt  2.txt.zip  3.txt  4.txt  yourtest  yourtest.zip
  16. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh yourtest.zip 
  17. 1.9M    yourtest.zip
  18. [root@centos-01 mytest]# unzip
  19. -bash: unzip: 未找到命令
  20. [root@centos-01 mytest]# yum install -y unzip
  21. [root@centos-01 mytest]# unzip yourtest.zip 
  22. Archive:  yourtest.zip
  23. replace yourtest/3.txt? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: n
  24. replace yourtest/4.txt? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y
  25.   inflating: yourtest/4.txt          
  26. replace yourtest/2.txt? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: A              
  27.   inflating: yourtest/2.txt          
  28.   inflating: yourtest/1.txt          
  29.   inflating: 3.txt                   
  30. [root@centos-01 mytest]# mkdir test
  31. [root@centos-01 mytest]# unzip 2.txt.zip -d test/
  32. Archive:  2.txt.zip
  33.   inflating: test/2.txt              
  34. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  35. 1.txt  2.txt  2.txt.zip  3.txt  4.txt  test  yourtest  yourtest.zip
  36. [root@centos-01 mytest]# unzip -l yourtest.zip 
  37. Archive:  yourtest.zip
  38.   Length      Date    Time    Name
  39. ---------  ---------- -----   ----
  40.         0  05-04-2018 21:27   yourtest/
  41.   1460358  05-04-2018 21:27   yourtest/3.txt
  42.   1460358  05-04-2018 21:27   yourtest/4.txt
  43.   1460358  05-04-2018 21:27   yourtest/2.txt
  44.   1460358  05-04-2018 21:27   yourtest/1.txt
  45.   1460358  05-04-2018 20:28   3.txt
  46. ---------                     -------
  47.   7301790                     6 files
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tar打包工具

tar本身为一个打包工具，可以把目录打包成一个文件，它的好处是它把所有文件整合成一个大文件整体，方便拷贝或者移动。

语法：tar [-zjxcvfpP] filename

  • “-z”：同时用gzip压缩
  • “-j”：同时用bzip2压缩
  • “-x”：解包或者解压缩
  • “-t”：查看tar包里面的文件
  • “-c”：建立一个tar包或者压缩文件包
  • “-v”：可视化
  • “-f”：后面跟文件名，压缩时跟“-f filename”，意思是压缩后的文件名为filename，解压时跟“-f 文件名”，意思是解压filename。需要注意，如果是多个参数组合的情况下带有“-f”，请把“-f”写到最后面。
  • “-p”：使用原文件的属性，压缩前什么属性压缩后还什么属性。
  • “-P”：可以使用绝对路径。
  • --exclude filename：在打包或者压缩时，不要将filename文件包括在内。
  1. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  2. 1.txt  2.txt  2.txt.zip  3.txt  4.txt  test  yourtest  yourtest.zip
  3. [root@centos-01 mytest]# tar -cvf yourtest.tar yourtest
  4. yourtest/
  5. yourtest/3.txt
  6. yourtest/4.txt
  7. yourtest/2.txt
  8. yourtest/1.txt
  9. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  10. 1.txt  2.txt  2.txt.zip  3.txt  4.txt  test  yourtest  yourtest.tar  yourtest.zip
  11. [root@centos-01 mytest]# tar -xvf yourtest.tar 
  12. yourtest/
  13. yourtest/3.txt
  14. yourtest/4.txt
  15. yourtest/2.txt
  16. yourtest/1.txt
  17. [root@centos-01 mytest]# tar -tf yourtest.tar 
  18. yourtest/
  19. yourtest/3.txt
  20. yourtest/4.txt
  21. yourtest/2.txt
  22. yourtest/1.txt
  23. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  24. 1.txt  2.txt  2.txt.zip  3.txt  4.txt  test  yourtest  yourtest.tar  yourtest.zip
  25. [root@centos-01 mytest]# tar -cvf yourtest.tar --exclude 1.txt yourtest
  26. yourtest/
  27. yourtest/3.txt
  28. yourtest/4.txt
  29. yourtest/2.txt
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tar打包并压缩

  1. [root@centos-01 mytest]# tar -zcvf yourtest.tar.gz yourtest
  2. yourtest/
  3. yourtest/3.txt
  4. yourtest/4.txt
  5. yourtest/2.txt
  6. yourtest/1.txt
  7. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh yourtest.tar.gz 
  8. 1.5M    yourtest.tar.gz
  9. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh yourtest
  10. 5.6M    yourtest
  11. [root@centos-01 mytest]# tar -jcvf yourtest.tar.bz2 yourtest
  12. yourtest/
  13. yourtest/3.txt
  14. yourtest/4.txt
  15. yourtest/2.txt
  16. yourtest/1.txt
  17. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh yourtest.tar.bz2 
  18. 544K    yourtest.tar.bz2
  19. [root@centos-01 mytest]# tar -Jcvf yourtest.tar.xz yourtest
  20. yourtest/
  21. yourtest/3.txt
  22. yourtest/4.txt
  23. yourtest/2.txt
  24. yourtest/1.txt
  25. [root@centos-01 mytest]# du -sh yourtest.tar.xz 
  26. 60K yourtest.tar.xz
  27. [root@centos-01 mytest]# ls
  28. 1.txt  2.txt.zip  4.txt  yourtest      yourtest.tar.bz2  yourtest.tar.xz
  29. 2.txt  3.txt      test   yourtest.tar  yourtest.tar.gz   yourtest.zip
  30. [root@centos-01 mytest]# tar -tf yourtest.tar.gz 
  31. yourtest/
  32. yourtest/3.txt
  33. yourtest/4.txt
  34. yourtest/2.txt
  35. yourtest/1.txt
  36. [root@centos-01 mytest]# tar -tf yourtest.tar.bz2 
  37. yourtest/
  38. yourtest/3.txt
  39. yourtest/4.txt
  40. yourtest/2.txt
  41. yourtest/1.txt
  42. [root@centos-01 mytest]# tar -tf yourtest.tar.xz 
  43. yourtest/
  44. yourtest/3.txt
  45. yourtest/4.txt
  46. yourtest/2.txt
  47. yourtest/1.txt
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转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Genesis2018/p/8998088.html

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