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基于C#的ArcEngine二次开发35：缓冲区分析_arcengine 缓冲区

作者：AllinToyou | 2024-03-30 15:21:01

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arcengine 缓冲区

目录

0 arcgis建立缓冲区

1 根据选择要素建立缓冲区并查询

1.1 代码

1.2 代码分析

2 从线要素首尾节点相邻的角度合并同名道路

几点说明：

使用ITopologicalOperation.Buffer建立缓冲区时，可能出现以下几种情况：

  • 出现异常卡死现象，修改缓冲区为合适的值，即可解决；
  • 不连续的要素无法建立缓冲区，此时应根据属性判断，将要素分离开来

0 arcgis建立缓冲区

缓冲区是地理空间目标的一种影响范围或服务范围，具体指在点、线、面实体的周围，自动建立的一定宽度的多边。
方法/步骤
1. 向arcmap中添加要建立缓冲区的图层。

这里写图片描述

2. 调出建立缓冲区工具。有两种方法可以调出缓冲区工具，一种是在菜单地理处理中选择缓冲区;另外一种方法是在arctoolbox中选择分析工具-邻域分析-缓冲区。

这里写图片描述

3. 首先选择输入要素，选择输出要素名字位置和缓冲区范围，融合字段可以根据需要进行设置。
4. 建立缓冲区。线图层建立缓冲区的过程中可以选择缓冲区的位置，在侧类型中可以选择缓冲区在线的左边、右边还是两边都有，末端类型可以选择末端是圆形还是方形，如图，侧类型为full，末端为round形成的缓冲区。

这里写图片描述

5. 面建立缓冲区和线一样，不过面的缓冲区侧类型只有两种：full和outside_only。full是对整个面都建立缓冲区，outside_only是在面的外面建立缓冲区。

这里写图片描述这里写图片描述

6. 在工具箱中右击“缓冲区”可以批处理，节约时间。

这里写图片描述             这里写图片描述


END
注意事项：融合字段按作图要求进行选择，一般缓冲区都做分析用，可以不要太多属性

1 根据选择要素建立缓冲区并查询

1.1 代码

这是在其他地方找到的一段代码：

实现功能：

1.获取鼠标选中的要素

2.对选中要素设置缓冲距离，在地图上显示缓冲区

3.进行缓冲区查询，获得缓冲区内的要素，并放入TreeList展示

  1.         /// <summary>
  2.         /// 创建缓冲区
  3.         /// </summary>
  4.         private void CreateBuffer()
  5.         {
  6.             ITopologicalOperator pTopo = null;
  7.             IElement pElement = null;
  8.             IGeometry pBuffer = null;
  9.             IGeometry pGeo = null;
  10.             ISelection pSelection = null;
  11.             IEnumFeatureSetup pEnumFeatureSetup = null;
  12.             IEnumFeature pEnumFeature = null;
  13.             IFillSymbol pFillSymbol = null;
  14.             IRgbColor pRgbColor = null;
  15.  
  16.             IFeature pFea = null;
  17.             IFeature pFeature = null;
  18.             IFeatureLayer pFeaLayer = null;
  19.             IFeatureClass pFeaClass = null;
  20.             IFeatureCursor pFeaCursor = null;
  21.  
  22.             ISpatialFilter pSpatialfilter = null;
  23.  
  24.             try
  25.             {
  26.                 if (m_pMap != null)
  27.                 {
  28.                     (m_pMap as IGraphicsContainer).DeleteAllElements();
  29.                 }
  30.  
  31.                     获得选中要素
  32.                 pSelection = m_pMap.FeatureSelection;
  33.                 pEnumFeatureSetup = pSelection as IEnumFeatureSetup;
  34.                 pEnumFeatureSetup.AllFields = true;
  35.  
  36.                 pEnumFeature = pEnumFeatureSetup as IEnumFeature;
  37.                 pEnumFeature.Reset();
  38.                 pFea = pEnumFeature.Next();
  39.  
  40.                     遍历选中要素
  41.                 while (pFea != null)
  42.                 {
  43.                     pGeo = pFea.ShapeCopy;
  44.                     pTopo = pGeo as ITopologicalOperator;
  45.                     pBuffer = pTopo.Buffer(m_dDistance);
  46.  
  47.                     pElement = new PolygonElementClass();
  48.                     pElement.Geometry = pBuffer;
  49.  
  50.                         设置缓冲区颜色
  51.                     pFillSymbol = new SimpleFillSymbolClass();
  52.                     pRgbColor = new RgbColorClass();
  53.                     pRgbColor.Red = 255;
  54.                     pRgbColor.Green = 255;
  55.                     pRgbColor.Blue = 153;
  56.                     pRgbColor.Transparency = 1;
  57.                     pFillSymbol.Color = pRgbColor;
  58.                     (pElement as IFillShapeElement).Symbol = pFillSymbol;
  59.                     (m_pMap as IGraphicsContainer).AddElement(pElement, 0);
  60.  
  61.                         设置空间过滤器
  62.                     pSpatialfilter = new SpatialFilterClass();
  63.                     pSpatialfilter.Geometry = pBuffer;
  64.  
  65.                         遍历图层
  66.                     for (int i = 0; i < m_pMap.LayerCount; i++)
  67.                     {
  68.                         pFeaLayer = m_pMap.get_Layer(i) as IFeatureLayer;
  69.                         pFeaClass = pFeaLayer.FeatureClass;
  70.  
  71.                         switch (pFeaClass.ShapeType)
  72.                         {
  73.                             case esriGeometryType.esriGeometryPoint:
  74.                                 {
  75.                                     pSpatialfilter.SpatialRel = esriSpatialRelEnum.esriSpatialRelContains;
  76.                                     break;
  77.                                 }
  78.                             case esriGeometryType.esriGeometryPolyline:
  79.                                 {
  80.                                     pSpatialfilter.SpatialRel = esriSpatialRelEnum.esriSpatialRelContains;
  81.                                     break;
  82.                                 }
  83.                             case esriGeometryType.esriGeometryPolygon:
  84.                                 {
  85.                                     pSpatialfilter.SpatialRel = esriSpatialRelEnum.esriSpatialRelContains;
  86.                                     break;
  87.                                 }
  88.                         }
  89.  
  90.                         pSpatialfilter.GeometryField = pFeaClass.ShapeFieldName;
  91.                         pFeaCursor = pFeaClass.Search(pSpatialfilter, false);
  92.                         pFeature = pFeaCursor.NextFeature();
  93.  
  94.                         TreeListNode tlNode = null;
  95.  
  96.                             查询到的要素添加到TreeList
  97.                         while (pFeature != null)
  98.                         {
  99.                                 添加图层节点到TreeList
  100.                             bool bIsContainLayer = false;
  101.                             foreach (TreeListNode node in tlResult.Nodes)
  102.                             {
  103.                                 if (node.GetDisplayText(0).Equals(pFeaLayer.Name))
  104.                                 {
  105.                                     tlNode = node;
  106.                                     bIsContainLayer = true;
  107.                                     break;
  108.                                 }
  109.                             }
  110.                             if (!bIsContainLayer)
  111.                             {
  112.                                 tlNode = tlResult.AppendNode(new object[] { pFeaLayer.Name }, null);
  113.                             }
  114.  
  115.                                 添加要素到图层节点下
  116.                             bool bIsAdd = false;
  117.                             foreach (TreeListNode childnode in tlNode.Nodes)
  118.                             {
  119.                                 if (childnode.GetDisplayText(0).Equals(pFeature.OID.ToString()))
  120.                                 {
  121.                                     bIsAdd = true;
  122.                                     break;
  123.                                 }
  124.                             }
  125.                             if (!bIsAdd)
  126.                             {
  127.                                 tlResult.AppendNode(new object[] { pFeature.OID, GtMap.GxAEHelper.Feature.GetValue(pFeature, "NAME") }, tlNode);
  128.                             }
  129.  
  130.                             pFeature = pFeaCursor.NextFeature();
  131.                         }
  132.                     }
  133.  
  134.                     pFea = pEnumFeature.Next();
  135.                 }
  136.  
  137.                 IActiveView pActiveView = m_pMap as IActiveView;
  138.                 pActiveView.Refresh();
  139.  
  140.             }
  141.             catch (Exception ex)
  142.             {
  143.  
  144.             }
  145.         }

 

1.2 代码分析

获取要素图形：

IGeometry pGeo = pFea.ShapeCopy;

将图形要素跳转为ITopologicalOperator接口

ITopologicalOperator pTopo = pGeo as ITopologicalOperator;

在拓扑空间建立缓冲区

IGeometry pBuffer = pTopo.Buffer();

2 从线要素首尾节点相邻的角度合并同名道路

  1.   1 using System;
  2.   2 using System.Collections;
  3.   3 using System.Collections.Generic;
  4.   4 using System.Text;
  5.   5 using System.IO;
  6.   6 using System.Windows.Forms;
  7.   7 using ESRI.ArcGIS.ArcMapUI;
  8.   8 using ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto;
  9.   9 using ESRI.ArcGIS.Geodatabase;
  10.  10 using ESRI.ArcGIS.Geometry;
  11.  11 
  12.  12 namespace MergeDisconnectPolylineAddin
  13.  13 {
  14.  14     public class MergePolyline : ESRI.ArcGIS.Desktop.AddIns.Button
  15.  15     {
  16.  16         
  17.  17         IMap map = null;
  18.  18         IActiveView pActiveView = null;
  19.  19         //private List<IPolyline> DisconnPolylineList = new List<IPolyline>();
  20.  20 
  21.  21         public MergePolyline()
  22.  22         {
  23.  23             IMxDocument mxDoc = ArcMap.Application.Document as IMxDocument;
  24.  24             map = mxDoc.FocusMap;
  25.  25             pActiveView = mxDoc.ActivatedView;
  26.  26         }
  27.  27 
  28.  28         protected override void OnClick()
  29.  29         {
  30.  30             //
  31.  31             //  TODO: Sample code showing how to access button host
  32.  32             //
  33.  33             ArcMap.Application.CurrentTool = null;
  34.  34 
  35.  35             //计算程序耗时
  36.  36             DateTime beforDT = System.DateTime.Now;
  37.  37             
  38.  38             List<string> distinctString = getDistinctNAMEValue();
  39.  39             MergePloyline(distinctString);
  40.  40 
  41.  41             DateTime afterDT = System.DateTime.Now;
  42.  42             TimeSpan ts = afterDT.Subtract(beforDT);
  43.  43             MessageBox.Show("线要素合并结束，运行程序共耗时约："+ ts.Minutes+"分钟");
  44.  44         }
  45.  45         
  46.  46         public List<string> getDistinctNAMEValue()
  47.  47         {
  48.  48             IFeatureLayer featureLayer = map.get_Layer(0) as IFeatureLayer;
  49.  49             IFeatureClass featureClass = featureLayer.FeatureClass;
  50.  50             IQueryFilter queryFilter = new QueryFilterClass();
  51.  51             queryFilter.WhereClause = "";
  52.  52             IFeatureCursor pFeatCursor = featureClass.Search(queryFilter, false);
  53.  53             IFeature pFeature = pFeatCursor.NextFeature();
  54.  54             ArrayList fieldArray = new ArrayList();
  55.  55             List<string> distinctString = new List<string>();
  56.  56             while (pFeature != null)
  57.  57             {
  58.  58                 if (featureClass.ShapeType == esriGeometryType.esriGeometryPolyline)
  59.  59                 {
  60.  60                     IFields fields = pFeatCursor.Fields;
  61.  61                     int fieldIndex = fields.FindField("NAME");
  62.  62                     string field_NAME = (string)pFeature.get_Value(fieldIndex);
  63.  63                     fieldArray.Add(field_NAME);
  64.  64                 }
  65.  65                 pFeature = pFeatCursor.NextFeature();
  66.  66             }
  67.  67             distinctString = removeSameString(fieldArray);
  68.  68             return distinctString;
  69.  69         }
  70.  70 
  71.  71         public void MergePloyline(List<string> DistinctNameValue)
  72.  72         {
  73.  73             IFeatureLayer featureLayer = map.get_Layer(0) as IFeatureLayer;
  74.  74             IFeatureClass featureClass = featureLayer.FeatureClass;
  75.  75 
  76.  76             //IDataset dataset = featureClass as IDataset;
  77.  77             //IWorkspaceEdit workspaceEdit = dataset.Workspace as IWorkspaceEdit;
  78.  78             //Type.Missing指的是空类型，因为有些方法你传null给它会出错的，必须要用Type.Missing.
  79.  79             object Missing = Type.Missing;
  80.  80             //workspaceEdit.StartEditing(true);
  81.  81             //workspaceEdit.StartEditOperation();
  82.  82             //string field_NAME = "";
  83.  83 
  84.  84             for (int i = 0; i < DistinctNameValue.Count; i++)
  85.  85             {
  86.  86                 IQueryFilter queryFilter = new QueryFilterClass();
  87.  87                 queryFilter.WhereClause = "";
  88.  88                 IFeatureCursor pFeatCursor = featureClass.Search(queryFilter, false);
  89.  89                 IFeature pFeature = pFeatCursor.NextFeature();
  90.  90 
  91.  91                 IFeature pFeatureFirst = pFeature;
  92.  92                 //List<IPolyline> toMergePolylineList = new List<IPolyline>();
  93.  93 
  94.  94                 IGeometryCollection Geometrybag = new GeometryBagClass();
  95.  95                 ITopologicalOperator2 pTopOperatorFirst = null;
  96.  96                 IGeometry geometrySecond = null;
  97.  97                 IGeometry pGeometryFirst = null;
  98.  98                 bool bSwitch = true;
  99.  99                 while (pFeature != null)
  100. 100                 {
  101. 101                     map.SelectFeature(featureLayer, pFeature);
  102. 102                     if (featureClass.ShapeType == esriGeometryType.esriGeometryPolyline)
  103. 103                     {                       
  104. 104                         //IPolyline polyline = geometry as IPolyline;
  105. 105                         IFields fields = pFeatCursor.Fields;
  106. 106                         int fieldIndex = fields.FindField("NAME");
  107. 107                         string field_NAME = (string)pFeature.get_Value(fieldIndex);
  108. 108                         
  109. 109                         if (field_NAME == DistinctNameValue[i])
  110. 110                         {
  111. 111                             if (bSwitch)
  112. 112                             {
  113. 113                                 //将当前name字段相同的feature中的第一个feature传给pFeatureFirst
  114. 114                                 pFeatureFirst = pFeature;
  115. 115                                 pGeometryFirst = pFeature.Shape;
  116. 116                                 pTopOperatorFirst = (ITopologicalOperator2) pGeometryFirst;
  117. 117                                 pTopOperatorFirst.IsKnownSimple_2 = false;
  118. 118                                 pTopOperatorFirst.Simplify();
  119. 119                                 pGeometryFirst.SnapToSpatialReference();
  120. 120                                 bSwitch = false;
  121. 121                                 //break;
  122. 122                             }
  123. 123                             else
  124. 124                             {
  125. 125                                 //geometrySecond = pFeature.ShapeCopy;
  126. 126                                 geometrySecond = pFeature.Shape;
  127. 127                                 Geometrybag.AddGeometry(geometrySecond, ref Missing, ref Missing);
  128. 128                                 //toMergePolylineList.Add(polyline);
  129. 129                             }                           
  130. 130                         }
  131. 131                         //DisconnPolylineList.Add(polyline);
  132. 132                     }
  133. 133                     pFeature = pFeatCursor.NextFeature();
  134. 134                 }
  135. 135                 IEnumGeometry tEnumGeometry = (IEnumGeometry)Geometrybag;
  136. 136                 //IGeometry mergeGeomery = null;
  137. 137                 pTopOperatorFirst.ConstructUnion(tEnumGeometry);
  138. 138 
  139. 139                 pTopOperatorFirst.IsKnownSimple_2 = false;
  140. 140                 pTopOperatorFirst.Simplify();
  141. 141                 pFeatureFirst.Shape = pGeometryFirst;
  142. 142                 //pFeatureFirst.Store();
  143. 143                 IFeatureLayer featureLayer2 = map.get_Layer(1) as IFeatureLayer;
  144. 144                 IFeatureClass featureClass2 = featureLayer2.FeatureClass;
  145. 145                 AddPolyline(featureClass2, pGeometryFirst);
  146. 146             }
  147. 147             //workspaceEdit.StopEditOperation();
  148. 148             //workspaceEdit.StopEditing(true);           
  149. 149         }
  150. 150         private void AddPolyline(IFeatureClass pFeatureClass, IGeometry polyline)
  151. 151         {
  152. 152             IFeatureBuffer featureBuffer = pFeatureClass.CreateFeatureBuffer();
  153. 153             IFeatureCursor featureCursor;
  154. 154             featureCursor = pFeatureClass.Insert(true);
  155. 155             featureBuffer.Shape = polyline;
  156. 156             featureCursor.InsertFeature(featureBuffer);
  157. 157             featureCursor.Flush();
  158. 158             System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(featureCursor);
  159. 159         }
  160. 160         public List<string> removeSameString(ArrayList stringArray)
  161. 161         {
  162. 162             //List用于存储从数组里取出来的不相同的元素
  163. 163             List<string> distinctString = new List<string>();
  164. 164             foreach (string eachString in stringArray)
  165. 165             {
  166. 166                 if (!distinctString.Contains(eachString))
  167. 167                     distinctString.Add(eachString);
  168. 168             }
  169. 169             return distinctString;
  170. 170         }
  171. 171 
  172. 172         protected override void OnUpdate()
  173. 173         {
  174. 174             Enabled = ArcMap.Application != null;
  175. 175         }
  176. 176     }
  177. 177 
  178. 178 }

X 问题及处置办法

X.1 HRESULT:0x80040215

在使用ITopologicalOperator求交集等操作的时候，有时会出现“ HRESULT:0x80040215”这个异常

原因是空间参考不一样所致。

将 SpatialReference 属性设为同一空间参考就不会出现 HRESULT:0x80040215 异常啦。

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