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原理解释:
exists(sql返回结果集为真)
not exists(sql不返回结果集为真或返回结果集为假)
这看的挺懵逼的,这里详细的解释下exists和not exists的原理和用法吧。
- select * from A where not exists(select * from B where A.id = B.id);
- select * from A where exists(select * from B where A.id = B.id);
首先我们要知道sql语句使用了exists或not exists后的执行顺序,注意,是先执行外查询再执行内查询。这和我们学的子查询概念就“冲突了”,特别是刚学完子查询后再学exists,简直让人崩溃。
详细步骤(使用exists):
1,首先执行外查询select * from A,然后从外查询的数据取出一条数据传给内查询。
2,内查询执行select * from B,外查询传入的数据和内查询获得数据根据where后面的条件做匹对,如果存在数据满足A.id=B.id则返回true,如果一条都不满足则返回false。
3,内查询返回true,则外查询的这行数据保留,反之内查询返回false则外查询的这行数据不显示。外查询的所有数据逐行查询匹对。
not exists和exists的用法相反,就不继续啰嗦了。
案例分析
还是根据上面的那道题做分析来看看not exists或exists是如何用的吧。
- # 学生表
- CREATE TABLE `Student`(
- `s_id` VARCHAR(20),
- `s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
- `s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
- `s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
- PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`)
- );
- # 课程表
- CREATE TABLE `Course`(
- `c_id` VARCHAR(20),
- `c_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
- `t_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
- PRIMARY KEY(`c_id`)
- );
- # 教师表
- CREATE TABLE `Teacher`(
- `t_id` VARCHAR(20),
- `t_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
- PRIMARY KEY(`t_id`)
- );
- # 成绩表
- CREATE TABLE `Score`(
- `s_id` VARCHAR(20),
- `c_id` VARCHAR(20),
- `s_score` INT(3),
- PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`,`c_id`)
- );
- # 插入学生表测试数据
- insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
- insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
- insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
- insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
- insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
- insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
- insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
- insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');
- #课程表测试数据
- insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
- insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
- insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');
- # 教师表测试数据
- insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
- insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
- insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');
- #成绩表测试数据
- insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80);
- insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90);
- insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99);
- insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70);
- insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60);
- insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80);
- insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80);
- insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80);
- insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80);
- insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50);
- insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30);
- insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20);
- insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76);
- insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87);
- insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31);
- insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34);
- insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89);
- insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);
题目是查询和"01"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息,直接做确实有点麻烦,我们可以先做做这题:查看学了所有课程的同学的信息。
学了所有课程的同学的信息,那不就是这些同学没有一门课程没有学吗
- select * from Student st where not exists(select * from Course c
- where not exists(select * from Score sc where sc.c_id = c.c_id
- and sc.s_id = st.s_id));
然后我们再回过来看这题,是不是和刚才的题一模一样,只不过把所有的课程换成01同学学的课程。
- select * from Student st where not exists(select * from
- ( select s2.c_id as c_id from Student s1
- inner join Score s2 on s1.s_id = s2.s_id where s1.s_id = 01) t
- where not exists (select * from Score sc
- where sc.c_id = t.c_id and sc.s_id = st.s_id and st.s_id != 01));
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