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Samba安装测试详解
samba-client.i386
samba-common.i386
samba.i386
samba-swat.i386
1、安装软件包
# yum install samba* -y
2、添加组
我们用的方法是先添加用户,但添加的这些用户都是虚拟用户,因为这些用户是不能通过SHELL登录系统的;另外值得注意的是系统用户密码和Samba用户的密码是不同的。如果您设置了系统用户能登入SHELL,可以设置用户的Samba密码和系统用户通过SHELL登录的密码不同
groupadd develop
3、添加用户到组
- #添加test用户到组develop
-
- useradd -g develop -s /sbin/nologin test
4、添加samba用户和设置密码
smbpasswd命令的常用方法
smbpasswd -a 增加用户(要增加的用户必须以是系统用户)
smbpasswd -d 冻结用户,就是这个用户不能在登录了
smbpasswd -e 恢复用户,解冻用户,让冻结的用户可以在使用
smbpasswd -n 把用户的密码设置成空.
要在global中写入 null passwords -true
smbpasswd -x 删除用户
smbpasswd -a test
5、配置目录 /etc/samba
man smb.conf
# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
[stable]
comment = stable
browseable = no
public = no
path = /diskb/stable
guest ok = no
create mask = 0776
directory mask = 0777
read only = no
valid users = @st, @develop
write list = @st
[global]
workgroup = MYGROUP
server string = Samba Server Version %v
security = user
passdb backend = tdbsam
load printers = yes
cups options = raw
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = no
writable = yes
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/spool/samba
browseable = no
guest ok = no # <--- yes匿名可以访问,no拒绝匿名访问
writable = no # <--- yes 资源可以写,no只读
printable = yes
[share]
comment = This is rhce testing
path = /common
browseable = yes #<---让资源可见
hosts allow = .example.com # <---只允许example.com域下的用户访问
valid users = user1 # <---该资源只对user1用户有效,别的用户不能访问
writable = yes # <--资源可写
2、创建目录并且修改selinux上下文
# mkdir /common
# chmod 775 /common
# chcon -R -t samba_share_t /common
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_ro on
或者
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw on
3、创建samba独立的帐号
注意:这些帐号必须是系统上本身就拥有的帐号
[ useradd user1 ]
# smbpasswd --help
# smbpasswd -a user1 <---添加user1到smb专用的帐号数据文件里
4、设定iptables
samber有两个进程:
nmbd 137 , 138
smbd 139 , 445
iptables -I INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 137,138,139,445 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m multiport --dports 137,138,139,445 -j ACCEPT
5、测试
# service smb restart
# smbclient -L //192.168.0.249 -U user1 <--列出可以访问的资源
# smbclient //192.168.0.249/share -U user1 <--访问名字叫share的资源
如果共享的目录是公共的目录,也就是该目录也被别的服务共享,selinux上下文这样设定:
# chcon -t public_content_t /common
# chcon -t public_content_rw_t /common/pub
总结:
如果/common目录被nfs,vsftp,samba同时共享出去
selinux设定:
如果要求对该目录有写的权限:
chcon -R -t public_content_rw_t /common
如果是只读:
chcon -R -t public_content_t /common
文件系统权限:
如果要求对该目录有写的权限:
chmod 775 /common
chown root:XXXX /common 《--XXXX代表通过samba在该目录写文件的哟用户所在的组
iptables设定(samba,nfs,ftp):
modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp <---非常重要
echo "modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp" >> /erc/rc.d/rc.local
iptables -I INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 20,21,137,138,139,445,875,32803,32769,892,662,2020,111,2049 -j ACCEPT
iptables -P INPUT DROP
练习:
1、通过samba共享/common目录,要求不允许t113.org域的所有用户访问。只允许user2访问该资源
[share]
comment = "test"
path = /common
hosts deny = .t113.org
valid users = user2
useradd user2
smbpasswd -a user2
2、分别通过smbclient访问用户的家目录资源,测试是否支持上传等操作
给我找到和samba家目录有关的selinux布尔值设定
getsebool 命令 找到
# getsebool -a | grep samba
samba_domain_controller --> off
samba_enable_home_dirs --> off 《-----
samba_export_all_ro --> off
samba_export_all_rw --> on
samba_share_nfs --> off
use_samba_home_dirs --> off 《-----
virt_use_samba --> off
setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs=1
setsebool -P use_samba_home_dirs=1
3、通过samba共享/share目录,要求所有人都可以访问,而且匿名也可以访问,并且匿名也可以上传文件。
[pub]
comment = "Public source"
path = /share
guest ok = yes
browseable = yes
writable = yes
# chcon -t public_content_rw_t /share/
还需设定目录权限和selinux策略
chmod 777 /share
setsebool -P allow_smbd_anon_write=1
测试
# smbclient -L //192.168.0.249
# smbclient //192.168.0.249
- #
- # Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
- #
- #
- # This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
- # smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
- # here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which
- # are not shown in this example
- #
- # Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as
- # commented-out examples in this file.
- # - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting
- # differs from the default Samba behaviour
- # - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default
- # behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important
- # enough to be mentioned here
- #
- # NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
- # "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic
- # errors.
-
- #======================= Global Settings =======================
-
- [global]
-
- ## Browsing/Identification ###
-
- # Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
- workgroup = WORKGROUP
-
- # server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
- server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
-
- # Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
- # WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
- # wins support = no
-
- # WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
- # Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
- ; wins server = w.x.y.z
-
- # This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
- dns proxy = no
-
- #### Networking ####
-
- # The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
- # This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
- # interface names are normally preferred
- ; interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0
-
- # Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
- # 'interfaces' option above to use this.
- # It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
- # not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself. However, this
- # option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
- ; bind interfaces only = yes
-
-
-
- #### Debugging/Accounting ####
-
- # This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
- # that connects
- log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
-
- # Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
- max log size = 1000
-
- # If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
- # parameter to 'yes'.
- # syslog only = no
-
- # We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
- # should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
- # through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
- syslog = 0
-
- # Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
- panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
-
-
- ####### Authentication #######
-
- # Server role. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible
- # values are "standalone server", "member server", "classic primary
- # domain controller", "classic backup domain controller", "active
- # directory domain controller".
- #
- # Most people will want "standalone sever" or "member server".
- # Running as "active directory domain controller" will require first
- # running "samba-tool domain provision" to wipe databases and create a
- # new domain.
- server role = standalone server
-
- # If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
- # password database type you are using.
- passdb backend = tdbsam
-
- obey pam restrictions = yes
-
- # This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
- # password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
- # passdb is changed.
- unix password sync = yes
-
- # For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
- # parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for
- # sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
- passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
- passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .
-
- # This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
- # when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
- # 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
- pam password change = yes
-
- # This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
- # to anonymous connections
- map to guest = bad user
-
- ########## Domains ###########
-
- #
- # The following settings only takes effect if 'server role = primary
- # classic domain controller', 'server role = backup domain controller'
- # or 'domain logons' is set
- #
-
- # It specifies the location of the user's
- # profile directory from the client point of view) The following
- # required a [profiles] share to be setup on the samba server (see
- # below)
- ; logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
- # Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
- # (this is Samba's default)
- # logon path = \\%N\%U\profile
-
- # The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
- # It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
- # point of view)
- ; logon drive = H:
- # logon home = \\%N\%U
-
- # The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
- # It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
- # in the [netlogon] share
- # NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
- ; logon script = logon.cmd
-
- # This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
- # RPC pipe. The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
- # password; please adapt to your needs
- ; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u
-
- # This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the
- # SAMR RPC pipe.
- # The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
- ; add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u
-
- # This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
- # RPC pipe.
- ; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g
-
- ############ Misc ############
-
- # Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
- # on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
- # of the machine that is connecting
- ; include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m
-
- # Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
- # for something else.)
- ; idmap uid = 10000-20000
- ; idmap gid = 10000-20000
- ; template shell = /bin/bash
-
- # Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
- # with the net usershare command.
-
- # Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
- ; usershare max shares = 100
-
- # Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
- # public shares, not just authenticated ones
- usershare allow guests = yes
-
- #======================= Share Definitions =======================
-
- # Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit)
- # to enable the default home directory shares. This will share each
- # user's home directory as \\server\username
- ;[homes]
- ; comment = Home Directories
- ; browseable = no
-
- # By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
- # next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
- ; read only = yes
-
- # File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
- # create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
- ; create mask = 0700
-
- # Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
- # create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
- ; directory mask = 0700
-
- # By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
- # with access to the samba server.
- # Un-comment the following parameter to make sure that only "username"
- # can connect to \\server\username
- # This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
- ; valid users = %S
-
- # Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
- # (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
- ;[netlogon]
- ; comment = Network Logon Service
- ; path = /home/samba/netlogon
- ; guest ok = yes
- ; read only = yes
-
- # Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
- # users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
- # (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
- # The path below should be writable by all users so that their
- # profile directory may be created the first time they log on
- ;[profiles]
- ; comment = Users profiles
- ; path = /home/samba/profiles
- ; guest ok = no
- ; browseable = no
- ; create mask = 0600
- ; directory mask = 0700
-
- [printers]
- comment = All Printers
- browseable = no
- path = /var/spool/samba
- printable = yes
- guest ok = no
- read only = yes
- create mask = 0700
-
- # Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
- # printer drivers
- [print$]
- comment = Printer Drivers
- path = /var/lib/samba/printers
- browseable = yes
- read only = yes
- guest ok = no
- # Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
- # You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
- # admin users are members of.
- # Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
- # to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
- ; write list = root, @lpadmin
-
- [stable]
- comment = stable
- browseable = yes
- path = /diskb/stable
- guest ok = no
- create mask = 0776
- directory mask = 0776
- read only = no
- valid users = @stable
- write list = @stable
-
- [develop]
- comment = develop
- browseable = yes
- path = /diskb/develop
- guest ok = no
- create mask = 0776
- directory mask = 0776
- read only = no
- valid users = @sr
- write list = @sr
-
- [person]
- comment = person
- browseable = no
- path = /diskb/person
- guest ok = no
- create mask = 0776
- directory mask = 0776
- read only = no
- valid users = sr
- write list = sr
-
- [normal]
- comment = normal
- browseable = yes
- path = /diskb/normal
- guest ok = yes
- create mask = 0777
- directory mask = 0777
- read only = no
================== Share Definitions ==================
[共享名]
comment = 任意字符串
说明:comment是对该共享的描述,可以是任意字符串。
path = 共享目录路径
说明:path用来指定共享目录的路径。可以用%u、%m这样的宏来代替路径里的unix用户和客户机的Netbios名,用宏表示主要用于[homes]共享域。例如:如果我们不打算用home段做为客户的共享,而是在/home/share/下为每个Linux用户以他的用户名建个目录,作为他的共享目录,这样path就可以写成:path = /home/share/%u; 。用户在连接到这共享时具体的路径会被他的用户名代替,要注意这个用户名路径一定要存在,否则,客户机在访问时会找不到网络路径。同样,如果我们不是以用户来划分目录,而是以客户机来划分目录,为网络上每台可以访问samba的机器都各自建个以它的netbios名的路径,作为不同机器的共享资源,就可以这样写:path = /home/share/%m 。
browseable = yes/no
说明:browseable用来指定该共享是否可以浏览。
writable = yes/no
说明:writable用来指定该共享路径是否可写。
available = yes/no
说明:available用来指定该共享资源是否可用。
admin users = 该共享的管理者
说明:admin users用来指定该共享的管理员(对该共享具有完全控制权限)。在samba 3.0中,如果用户验证方式设置成“security=share”时,此项无效。
例如:admin users =bobyuan,jane(多个用户中间用逗号隔开)。
valid users = 允许访问该共享的用户
说明:valid users用来指定允许访问该共享资源的用户。
例如:valid users = bobyuan,@bob,@tech(多个用户或者组中间用逗号隔开,如果要加入一个组就用“@+组名”表示。)
invalid users = 禁止访问该共享的用户
说明:invalid users用来指定不允许访问该共享资源的用户。
例如:invalid users = root,@bob(多个用户或者组中间用逗号隔开。)
write list = 允许写入该共享的用户
说明:write list用来指定可以在该共享下写入文件的用户。
例如:write list = bobyuan,@bob
public = yes/no
说明:public用来指定该共享是否允许guest账户访问。
guest ok = yes/no
说明:意义同“public”。
转自:http://www.2cto.com/os/201310/249248.html
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