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Dockerfile是什么？</a></li><li><ul><li><a href="#11_Dockerfile_3" rel="nofollow" target="_self">1.1 Dockerfile概述</a></li><li><a href="#12__6" rel="nofollow" target="_self">1.2 构建三步骤</a></li></ul> </li><li><a href="#2_Dockerfile_13" rel="nofollow" target="_self">2. Dockerfile构建过程解析</a></li><li><ul><li><a href="#21_Dockerfile_15" rel="nofollow" target="_self">2.1 Dockerfile内容基础知识</a></li><li><a href="#22_Dockerfile_22" rel="nofollow" target="_self">2.2 执行Dockerfile的大致流程</a></li></ul> </li><li><a href="#3_DockerFile_31" rel="nofollow" target="_self">3. DockerFile体系结构(保留字指令)</a></li><li><a href="#4__55" rel="nofollow" target="_self">4. 案例</a></li><li><ul><li><a href="#41_sprigboot_58" rel="nofollow" target="_self">4.1 首先创建一个sprigboot项目</a></li><li><a href="#42__Dockerfile_178" rel="nofollow" target="_self">4.2 创建 Dockerfile文件</a></li><li><a href="#43__208" rel="nofollow" target="_self">4.3 构建镜像，也可以把构建镜像的命令编写成脚本</a></li><li><a href="#44__248" rel="nofollow" target="_self">4.4 实例化容器</a></li></ul> </li><li><a href="#5__278" rel="nofollow" target="_self">5. 参考和感谢</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <p></p> <h3><a name="t2"></a><a id="1_Dockerfile_2"></a>1. Dockerfile是什么？</h3> <h4><a name="t3"></a><a id="11_Dockerfile_3"></a>1.1 Dockerfile概述</h4> <blockquote> <p>Dockerfile是用来构建<a href="https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=Docker%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020" target="_blank" class="hl hl-1" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7020","dest":"https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=Docker%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020","extra":"{\"searchword\":\"Docker镜像\"}"}" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7020","dest":"https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=Docker%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020","extra":"{\"searchword\":\"Docker镜像\"}"}" data-tit="Docker镜像" data-pretit="docker镜像">Docker镜像</a>的构建文件，是由一系列命令和参数构成的脚本。</p> </blockquote> <h4><a name="t4"></a><a id="12__6"></a>1.2 构建三步骤</h4> <ul><li>编写Dockerfile文件</li><li>构建镜像docker build</li><li>实例化容器docker run</li></ul> <p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/8620ee967c1b1669ecd9f4533d168a8f.png" alt=""></p> <h3><a name="t5"></a><a id="2_Dockerfile_13"></a>2. Dockerfile构建过程解析</h3> <h4><a name="t6"></a><a id="21_Dockerfile_15"></a>2.1 Dockerfile内容基础知识</h4> <ul><li>1：每条保留字指令都必须为大写字母且后面要跟随至少一个参数</li><li>2：指令按照从上到下，顺序执行</li><li>3：#表示注释</li><li>4：每条指令都会创建一个新的镜像层，并对镜像进行提交<br> <img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/5261561ca0f2cd90e8a8a4c94b53cd8e.png" alt=""></li></ul> <h4><a name="t7"></a><a id="22_Dockerfile_22"></a>2.2 执行Dockerfile的大致流程</h4> <ul><li>（1）docker从基础镜像运行一个容器</li><li>（2）执行一条指令并对容器作出修改</li><li>（3）执行类似docker commit的操作提交一个新的镜像层</li><li>（4）docker再基于刚提交的镜像运行一个新容器</li><li>（5）执行dockerfile中的下一条指令直到所有指令都执行完成</li></ul> <h3><a name="t8"></a><a id="3_DockerFile_31"></a>3. DockerFile体系结构(保留字指令)</h3> <p>以下是常用的 Dockerfile 关键字的完整列表和说明：</p> <div class="table-box"><table><thead><tr><th>关键字</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>FROM</td><td>基础镜像，当前新镜像是基于哪个镜像的</td></tr><tr><td>MAINTAINER</td><td>镜像维护者的姓名和邮箱地址</td></tr><tr><td>RUN</td><td>在镜像内部执行命令，用于安装软件包、设置环境等</td></tr><tr><td>EXPOSE</td><td>当前容器对外暴露出的端口</td></tr><tr><td>ENV</td><td>设置环境变量</td></tr><tr><td>ADD</td><td>将宿主机目录下的文件拷贝进镜像且ADD命令会自动处理URL和解压tar压缩包</td></tr><tr><td>COPY</td><td>类似ADD，拷贝文件和目录到镜像中。 <code>COPY src dest</code> <code>COPY ["src", "dest"]</code></td></tr><tr><td>ENTRYPOINT</td><td>指定容器启动时要运行的命令，不会被 Docker run 命令覆盖</td></tr><tr><td>CMD</td><td>指定容器启动时要运行的命令，可以被 Docker run 命令覆盖</td></tr><tr><td>VOLUME</td><td>声明容器挂载的文件卷</td></tr><tr><td>USER</td><td>指定运行镜像的用户和用户组</td></tr><tr><td>WORKDIR</td><td>设置工作目录，后续命令将在该目录下执行</td></tr><tr><td>ARG</td><td>定义构建时的参数。</td></tr><tr><td>ONBUILD</td><td>在当前镜像被用作其他镜像的基础镜像时执行一些命令，通常用于构建通用的基础镜像</td></tr><tr><td>STOPSIGNAL</td><td>指定容器停止时发送的信号</td></tr><tr><td>HEALTHCHECK</td><td>指定容器健康检查命令，判断容器是否存活并运行</td></tr><tr><td>SHELL</td><td>定义默认的 shell，或者在 RUN 指令中覆盖默认 shell</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <h3><a name="t9"></a><a id="4__55"></a>4. 案例</h3> <p>使用<a href="https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=docker%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020" target="_blank" class="hl hl-1" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7020","dest":"https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=docker%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020","extra":"{\"searchword\":\"docker容器\"}"}" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7020","dest":"https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=docker%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020","extra":"{\"searchword\":\"docker容器\"}"}" data-tit="docker容器" data-pretit="docker容器">docker容器</a>部署一个springboot项目</p> <h4><a name="t10"></a><a id="41_sprigboot_58"></a>4.1 首先创建一个sprigboot项目</h4> <p>pom.xml</p> <pre data-index="0" class="set-code-hide prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.7.5</version> <relativePath/>  </parent> <groupId>com.xmc</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-hello-world</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>spring-boot-hello-world</name> <description>spring-boot-hello-world</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId> <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId> <version>5.8.9</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <excludes> <exclude> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </exclude> </excludes> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/pc/img/newCodeMoreWhite.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 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style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">61</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">62</li></ul></pre> <p>application.yml</p> <pre data-index="1" class="set-code-show prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">server: port: 8080 <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li></ul></pre> <p>启动类</p> <pre data-index="2" class="set-code-hide prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">package com.xmc.hello; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; /** * @author xiaomuchong */ @SpringBootApplication public class SpringBootHelloWorldApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SpringBootHelloWorldApplication.class, args); } } <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/pc/img/newCodeMoreWhite.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li></ul></pre> <p>定义一个测试接口</p> <pre data-index="3" class="set-code-hide prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">package com.xmc.hello.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @author xiaomuchong */ @RequestMapping("test") @RestController public class HelloWorldController { @GetMapping("hello") public String sayHello() { return "Hello Dockerfile ######"; } } <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/pc/img/newCodeMoreWhite.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li></ul></pre> <p>验证这个springboot项目正确之后，打包<code>spring-boot-hello-world-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar</code></p> <h4><a name="t11"></a><a id="42__Dockerfile_178"></a>4.2 创建 Dockerfile文件</h4> <p>vim Dockerfile</p> <pre data-index="4" class="set-code-hide prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">#指定基镜像 FROM openjdk:latest #指定数据卷 VOLUME ["/tmp"] #作者 MAINTAINER 小木虫 <1750xxxx@qq.com> #添加项目 COPY *.jar /usr/local/app/app.jar #定义时区参数 ENV WORK_DIR = /usr/local/app #修改这个文件的访问时间为当前时间 RUN sh -c 'touch /app.jar' # 工作目录(docker内部目录) WORKDIR $WORK_DIR #暴露端口 EXPOSE 8080 #指定执行启动项目 ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/usr/local/app/app.jar"] <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/pc/img/newCodeMoreWhite.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li></ul></pre> <h4><a name="t12"></a><a id="43__208"></a>4.3 构建镜像，也可以把构建镜像的命令编写成脚本</h4> <p>vim docker.build.sh</p> <pre data-index="5" class="set-code-show prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">#!/bin/bash docker build --rm -t springboot-dockerfile-image:1.0 . <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li></ul></pre> <p>构建镜像</p> <pre data-index="6" class="set-code-show prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">//赋予执行权限 chmod +x docker.build.sh //执行 ./docker.build.sh <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li></ul></pre> <p>构建过程日志</p> <pre data-index="7" class="set-code-hide prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">[root@Docker110 dockerfile]# ./docker.build.sh [+] Building 2.3s (9/9) FINISHED docker:default => [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s => => transferring context: 2B 0.0s => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s => => transferring dockerfile: 573B 0.0s => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/openjdk:latest 0.0s => [internal] load build context 0.3s => => transferring context: 20.05MB 0.2s => [1/4] FROM docker.io/library/openjdk:latest 0.1s => [2/4] COPY *.jar /usr/local/app/app.jar 0.1s => [3/4] RUN sh -c 'touch /app.jar' 1.4s => [4/4] WORKDIR = /usr/local/app 0.0s => exporting to image 0.3s => => exporting layers 0.3s => => writing image sha256:a8ae4d1222bad9a074e8ac165728910eeda46bd9e938e297ec9e81e958f582d9 0.0s => => naming to docker.io/library/springboot-dockerfile-image:1.0 0.0s <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/pc/img/newCodeMoreWhite.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li></ul></pre> <h4><a name="t13"></a><a id="44__248"></a>4.4 实例化容器</h4> <p>vim docker.run.sh</p> <pre data-index="8" class="set-code-show prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">docker run -d \ -p 8088:8080 \ --name=springboot-dockerfile-docker \ springboot-dockerfile-image:1.0 <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li></ul></pre> <p>创建容器并运行</p> <pre data-index="9" class="set-code-show prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">//赋予执行权限 chmod +x docker.run.sh //执行 ./docker.run.sh <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li></ul></pre> <p>查看容器<br> <img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/fae377a19ffc46adb03a5d6981f64a26.png" alt=""></p> <p>通过接口验证</p> <pre data-index="10" class="set-code-show prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">http://192.168.10.110:8088/test/hello <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li></ul></pre> <p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/c1846acadd6274774e122823da62cbbf.png" alt=""></p> <p>服务器部署截图</p> <p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/0ffb02f8b0ed4e10667515ef1bcd6551.png" alt=""></p> <h3><a name="t14"></a><a id="5__278"></a>5. 参考和感谢</h3> <p><a href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1gr4y1U7CY/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click" rel="nofollow">尚硅谷阳哥Docker课程</a></p> </div><div 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