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strtok 实现字符串切割: 将字符串根据分隔符进行切割分片.
- #include <stdio.h>
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- char str[] = "hello,lyshark,welcome";
- char *ptr;
-
- ptr = strtok(str, ",");
- while (ptr != NULL)
- {
- printf("切割元素: %s\n", ptr);
- ptr = strtok(NULL, ",");
- }
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
strlen 获取字符串长度:
- #include <stdio.h>
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- char Array[] = "\0hello\nlyshark";
- char Str[] = { 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o' };
-
- int array_len = strlen(Array);
- printf("字符串的有效长度:%d\n", array_len);
- int str_len = strlen(Str);
- printf("字符串数组有效长度: %d\n", str_len);
-
- int index = 0;
- while (Str[index] != '\0')
- {
- index++;
- printf("Str数组元素: %c --> 计数: %d \n", Str[index], index);
- }
-
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
strcpy 字符串拷贝:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- char Array[] = "hello lyshark";
- char tmp[100];
-
- // 学习strcpy函数的使用方式
- if (strcpy(tmp, Array) == NULL)
- printf("从Array拷贝到tmp失败\n");
- else
- printf("拷贝后打印: %s\n", tmp);
-
- // 清空tmp数组的两种方式
- for (unsigned int x = 0; x < strlen(tmp); x++)
- tmp[x] = ' ';
-
- memset(tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp));
-
- // 学习strncpy函数的使用方式
- if (strncpy(tmp, Array, 3) == NULL)
- printf("从Array拷贝3个字符到tmp失败\n");
- else
- printf("拷贝后打印: %s\n", tmp);
-
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
strcat字符串连接: 将由src指向的空终止字节串的副本追加到由dest指向的以空字节终止的字节串的末尾
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- char str1[50] = "hello ";
- char str2[50] = "lyshark!";
-
- char * str = strcat(str1, str2);
- printf("字符串连接: %s \n", str);
-
- str = strcat(str1, " world");
- printf("字符串连接: %s \n", str);
-
- str = strncat(str1, str2, 3);
- printf("字符串连接: %s \n", str);
-
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
strcmp 字符串对比:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
-
- int Str_Cmp(const char * lhs, const char * rhs)
- {
- int ret = strcmp(lhs, rhs);
- if (ret == 0)
- return 1;
- else
- return 0;
- }
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- char *str1 = "hello lyshark";
- char *str2 = "hello lyshark";
-
- int ret = Str_Cmp(str1, str2);
- printf("字符串是否相等: %d \n", ret);
-
- if (!strncmp(str1, str2, 3))
- printf("两个字符串,前三位相等");
-
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
strshr 字符串截取:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- const char str[] = "hello ! lyshark";
- char *ret;
-
- ret = strchr(str, '!');
- printf("%s \n", ret);
-
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
字符串逆序排列:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
-
- void Swap_Str(char *Array)
- {
- int len = strlen(Array);
- char *p1 = Array;
- char *p2 = &Array[len - 1];
- while (p1 < p2)
- {
- char tmp = *p1;
- *p1 = *p2;
- *p2 = tmp;
- p1++, p2--;
- }
- }
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- char str[20] = "hello lyshark";
- Swap_Str(str);
-
- for (int x = 0; x < strlen(str); x++)
- printf("%c", str[x]);
-
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
实现字符串拷贝:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
-
- // 使用数组实现字符串拷贝
- void CopyString(char *dest,const char *source)
- {
- int len = strlen(source);
- for (int x = 0; x < len; x++)
- {
- dest[x] = source[x];
- }
- dest[len] = '\0';
- }
-
- // 使用指针的方式实现拷贝
- void CopyStringPtr(char *dest, const char *source)
- {
- while (*source != '\0')
- {
- *dest = *source;
- ++dest, ++source;
- }
- *dest = '\0';
- }
- // 简易版字符串拷贝
- void CopyStringPtrBase(char *dest, const char *source)
- {
- while (*dest++ = *source++);
- }
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- char * str = "hello lyshark";
- char buf[1024] = { 0 };
- CopyStringPtrBase(buf, str);
- printf("%s \n", buf);
-
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
格式化字符串:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- // 格式化填充输出
- char buf[30] = { 0 };
- sprintf(buf, "hello %s %s", "lyshark","you are good");
- printf("格式化后: %s \n", buf);
-
- // 拼接字符串
- char *s1 = "hello";
- char *s2 = "lyshark";
- memset(buf, 0, 30);
- sprintf(buf, "%s --> %s", s1, s2);
- printf("格式化后: %s \n", buf);
-
- // 数字装换位字符串
- int number = 100;
- memset(buf, 0, 30);
- sprintf(buf, "%d", number);
- printf("格式化后: %s \n", buf);
-
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
动态存储字符串:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- // 分配空间
- char **p = malloc(sizeof(char *)* 5);
- for (int x = 0; x < 5;++x)
- {
- p[x] = malloc(64);
- memset(p[x], 0, 64);
- sprintf(p[x], "Name %d", x + 1);
- }
-
- // 打印字符串
- for (int x = 0; x < 5; x++)
- printf("%s \n", p[x]);
-
- // 释放空间
- for (int x = 0; x < 5; x++)
- {
- if (p[x] != NULL)
- free(p[x]);
- }
-
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
字符串拼接:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <string.h>
-
- char * StringSplicing(char *String1, char *String2)
- {
- char Buffer[1024];
-
- int index = 0;
- int len = strlen(String1);
- while (String1[index] != '\0')
- {
- Buffer[index] = String1[index];
- index++;
- }
- while (String2[index - len] != '\0')
- {
- Buffer[index] = String2[index - len];
- index++;
- }
- Buffer[index] = '\0';
-
- char *ret = (char*)calloc(1024, sizeof(char*));
- if (ret)
- strcpy(ret, Buffer);
- return ret;
- }
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- char *str1 = "hello ";
- char *str2 = "lyshark ! \n";
-
- char * new_str = StringSplicing(str1, str2);
- printf("拼接好的字符串是: %s", new_str);
-
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
实现strchr:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <string.h>
-
- char * MyStrchr(const char *String, char ch)
- {
- char *ptr = String;
- while (*ptr != '\0')
- {
- if (*ptr == ch)
- return ptr;
- ptr++;
- }
- return NULL;
- }
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- char Str[] = "hello lyshark";
- char ch = 's';
-
- char *ptr = MyStrchr(Str, ch);
- printf("输出结果: %s \n", ptr);
-
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
自己实现寻找字符串子串:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
-
- // 查找子串第一次出现的位置
- char *MyStrStr(const char* str, const char* substr)
- {
- const char *mystr = str;
- const char *mysub = substr;
-
- while (*mystr != '\0')
- {
- if (*mystr != *mysub)
- {
- ++mystr;
- continue;
- }
-
- char *tmp_mystr = mystr;
- char *tmp_mysub = mysub;
-
- while (tmp_mysub != '\0')
- {
- if (*tmp_mystr != *tmp_mysub)
- {
- ++mystr;
- break;
- }
- ++tmp_mysub;
- }
-
-
- if (*tmp_mysub == '\0')
- {
- return mystr;
- }
- }
- return NULL;
- }
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
-
- char *str = "abcdefg";
- char *sub = "fg";
-
- char * aaa = MyStrStr(str, sub);
-
- printf("%s", aaa);
-
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
删除字符串中连续字符
- #include <stdio.h>
- char del(char s[],int pos,int len) //自定义删除函数,这里采用覆盖方法
- {
- int i;
- for (i=pos+len-1; s[i]!='\0'; i++,pos++)
- s[pos-1]=s[i]; //用删除部分后的字符依次从删除部分开始覆盖
- s[pos-1]='\0';
- return s;
- }
- int main(int argc, char *argv[])
- {
- char str[50];
- int position,length;
- printf ("please input string:\n");
- gets(str); //使用gets函数获得字符串
- printf ("please input delete position:");
- scanf("%d",&position);
- printf ("please input delete length:");
- scanf("%d",&length);
- del(str,position,length);
- printf ("the final string:%s\n",str);
- return 0;
- }
在C语言中想要输出数据需要使用Printf来实现,但C++中引入了另一种输出方式,C++中形象的将此过程称为流,数据的输入输出是指由若干个字节组成的字节序列,这些序列从一个对象中传递到另一个对象,我们将此过程形象的表示为数据的流,数据流可以包括ASCII字符,二进制数据,图形图像数据,音频数据等,流都将可以操作.
字符串类的初始化:
- #include <iostream>
- #include <string>
- using namespace std;
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- string str("hello lyshark"); // 定义一个字符串
-
- string str_1(str); // 构造函数,将 str中的内容全部复制到str_1
- cout << str_1 << endl;
- string str_2(str, 2, 5); // 构造函数,从字符串str的第2个元素开始,复制5个元素,赋值给str_2
- cout << str_2 << endl;
- string str_3(str.begin(), str.end()); // 复制字符串 str 的所有元素,并赋值给 str_3
- cout << str_3 << endl;
-
- char ch[] = "lyshark";
- string str_4(ch, 3); // 将字符串ch的前5个元素赋值给str_4
- cout << str_4 << endl;
-
- string str_5(5, 'x'); // 将 5 个 'X' 组成的字符串 "XXXXX" 赋值给 str_5
- cout << str_5 << endl;
-
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
标准输出流: 首先我们演示标准的输入输出,其需要引入头文件<iostream>
- #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
- #include <iostream>
-
- using namespace std;
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- char str[] = "lyshark";
- int number = 0;
-
- cout << "hello: " << str << endl;
- cin >> number;
- if (number == 0)
- {
- cerr << "Error msg" << endl; // 标准的错误流
- clog << "Error log" << endl; // 标准的日志流
- }
-
- int x, y;
- cin >> x >> y; // 一次可以接受两个参数
- freopen("./test.log", "w", stdout); // 将标准输出重定向到文件
-
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
格式化输出: 在程序中一般用cout和插入运算符“<<”实现输出,cout流在内存中有相应的缓冲区。
- #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
- #include <iostream>
- #include <iomanip>
-
- using namespace std;
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- cout << hex << 100 << endl; // 十六进制输出
- cout << dec << 100 << endl; // 十进制输出
- cout << oct << 100 << endl; // 八进制输出
- cout << fixed << 10.053 << endl; // 单浮点数输出
- cout << scientific << 10.053 << endl; // 科学计数法
-
- cout << setw(10) << "hello" << setw(10) << "lyshark" << endl; // 默认两个单词之间空格
-
- cout << setfill('-') << setw(10) << "hello" << endl; // 指定域宽,输出字符串,空白处以'-'填充
-
- for (int x = 0; x < 3; x++)
- {
- cout << setw(10) << left << "hello" ; // 自动(left/right)对齐,不足补空格
- }
-
- cout << endl;
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
单个字符输出: 流对象中,提供了专用于输出单个字符的成员函数put
- #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
- #include <iostream>
- #include <iomanip>
-
- using namespace std;
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- char *str = "lyshark";
-
- for (int x = 6; x >= 0; x--)
- cout.put(*(str + x)); // 每次输出一个字符
- cout.put('\n');
-
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
标准输入流: 通过测试cin的真值,判断流对象是否处于正常状态.
- #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
- #include <iostream>
- #include <iomanip>
-
- using namespace std;
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- float grade;
-
- while (cin >> grade)
- {
- if (grade >= 85)
- cout << grade << " good" << endl;
- }
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
读取字符串: getline函数的作用是从输入流中读取一行字符
- #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
- #include <iostream>
- #include <iomanip>
-
- using namespace std;
-
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- char str[20];
- int x, y, z;
-
- cin >> x >> y >> z;
- cout << x << y << z;
-
- cin.getline(str, 20); // 读入字符遇到\n结束读取
- cout << str << endl;
-
- cin.getline(str, 20, 'z'); // 读入字符遇到z字符才结束
- cout << str << endl;
-
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
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