大学英语精读第三版（第一册）学习笔记（原文及全文翻译）——Unit 1A - Some Strategies for Learning English（学习英语的几种策略）_大学英语第三版第一册第一篇翻译some strategies for learning englis

Unit 1A - Some Strategies for Learning English

As we are at the start of the course, this seems a good moment to offer some advice on how to make the task of learning English easier.

Some Strategies for Learning English

Learning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort.

Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task easier. Here are some of them.

1. Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary.

2. Watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things. Have you ever wondered why we say, "I am interested in English", but "I am good at French"? And have you ever asked yourself why native English speakers say, "learn the news or secret", but "learn of someone's success or arrival "? These are all examples of idiomatic usage. In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives.

3. Listen to English every day. Listening to English on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills. In addition to language tapes especially prepared for your course, you can also listen to English radio broadcasts, watch English TV, and see English movies. The first time you listen to a taped conversation or passage in English, you may not be able to catch a great deal. Try to get its general meaning first and listen to it over and over again. You will find that with each repetition you will get something more.

4. Seize opportunities to speak. It is true that there are few situations at school where you have to communicate in English, but you can seek out opportunities to practice speaking the language. Talking with your classmates, for example, can be an easy and enjoyable way to get some practice. Also try to find native speakers on your campus and feel free to talk with them. Perhaps the easiest way to practice speaking is to rehearse aloud, since this can be done at any time, in any place, and without a partner. For instance, you can look at pictures or objects around you and try to describe them in detail. You can also rehearse everyday situations. After you have made a purchase in a shop or finished a meal in a restaurant and paid the check, pretend that all this happened in an English-speaking country and try to act it out in English.

5. Read widely. It is important to read widely because in our learning environment, reading is the main and most reliable source of language input. When you choose reading materials, look for things that you find interesting, that you can understand without relying too much on a dictionary. A page a day is a good way to start. As you go on, you will find that you can do more pages a day and handle materials at a higher level of difficulty.

6. Write regularly. Writing is a good way to practice what you already know. Apart from compositions assigned by your teacher, you may find your own reasons for writing. A pen pal provides good motivation; you will learn a lot by trying to communicate with someone who shares your interests, but comes from a different culture. Other ways to write regularly include keeping a diary, writing a short story and summarizing the daily news.

Language learning is a process of accumulation. It pays to absorb as much as you can from reading and listening and then try to put what you have learned into practice through speaking and writing.

参考译文——学习英语的几种策略

课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。

学习英语的几种策略

学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。

虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。

1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。

2. 密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说 “我对英语感兴趣”是“I'm interested in English”，而说“我精于法语"则是“I'm good at French”？你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说“获悉消息或秘密”是“learn the news or secret”，而“获悉某人的成功或到来”却是“learn of someone's success or arrival”？这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。

3. 每天听英语。经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力，而且有助你培养说的技能。除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外，你还可以听英语广播，看英语电视和英语电影。第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段，你也许不能听懂很多。先试着听懂大意，然后再反复地听。你会发现每次重复都会听懂更多的东西。

4. 抓住机会说。的确，在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多，但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。例如，跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些练习的一种轻松愉快的方式。还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们随意交谈。或许练习讲英语最容易的方式是高声朗读，因为这在任何时间，任何地方，不需要搭档就可以做到。例如，你可以看着图片或身边的物件，试着对它们详加描述。你还可以复述日常情景。在商店里购物或在餐馆里吃完饭付过账后，假装这一切都发生在一个讲英语的国家，试着用英语把它表演出来。

5. 广泛阅读。广泛阅读很重要，因为在我们的学习环境中，阅读是最重要、最可靠的语言输入来源。在选择阅读材料时，要找你认为有趣的、不需要过多依赖词典就能看懂的东西。开始时每天读一页是个好办法。接下去，你就会发现你每天可以读更多页，而且能对付难度更高的材料。

6. 经常写。写作是练习你已经学会的东西的好方法。除了老师布置的作文，你还可以找到自己要写的理由。有个笔友可以提供很好的动力；与某个跟你趣味相投但来自不同文化的人进行交流，你会学到很多东西。经常写作的其他方式还有记日记，写小故事或概述每天的新闻。

语言学习是一个积累的过程。从读和听中吸收尽量多的东西，然后再试着把学到的东西通过说和写加以运用，定会大有收益。

Key words

sustained       [səs'teind]     

adj. 持久的，经久不衰的

command      [kə'mɑ:nd]    

n. 命令，指挥，控制

v. 命令，指挥，支配

employ   [im'plɔi]  

雇用，使用

committed     [kə'mitid]

adj. 献身于某种事业的，委托的

impossible     [im'pɔsəbl]    

adj. 不可能的，做不到的

      

idiomatic        [idiə'mætik]   

adj. 地道的，成语的，符合语言习惯的

route      [ru:t]      

n. 路线，(固定)线路，途径

diligence        ['dilidʒəns]     

n. 勤奋

acquaintance [ə'kweintəns] 

n. 熟人，相识，了解

effective  [i'fektiv]  

adj. 有效的，有影响的

communicate [kə'mju:nikeit]

v. 交流，传达，沟通

partner   ['pɑ:tnə] 

n. 搭档，伙伴，合伙人

v. 同 ... 合

addition  [ə'diʃən] 

n. 增加，附加物，加法

purchase        ['pə:tʃəs] 

vt. 买，购买

n. 购买，购买的物品

     

check      [tʃek]     

n. 检查，支票，账单，制止，阻止物，检验标准，方格图案

repetition       [.repi'tiʃən]    

n. 重复，反复

conversation  [.kɔnvə'seiʃən]

n. 会话，谈话

pretend  [pri'tend]

v. 假装，装作

adj. 假装的

rehearse [ri'hə:s]   

vt. 预演，排演，预先演习，详述，复述 vi. 参加彩

describe  [dis'kraib]      

vt. 描述，画(尤指几何图形)，说成

understand    [.ʌndə'stænd]

vt. 理解，懂，听说，获悉，将 ... 理解为，认为<

communicate [kə'mju:nikeit]

v. 交流，传达，沟通

handle    ['hændl] 

n. 柄，把手

v. 买卖，处理，操作，驾驭

accumulation [ə.kju:mju'leiʃən]   

n. 积聚，累积，积聚物

absorb    [əb'sɔ:b] 

vt. 吸纳，吸引 ... 的注意，吞并

diary       ['daiəri]  

n. 日记，日记簿

source    [sɔ:s]      

n. 发源地，来源，原始资料

reliable   [ri'laiəbl] 

adj. 可靠的，可信的

environment  [in'vaiərənmənt]    

n. 环境，外界

参考资料：

1. 大学英语精读(第三版) 第一册:Unit1A Some Strategies for Learning English(1)_大学教材听力 - 可可英语