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pip install python-docx
在python-docx模块中,将Word文件结构分成3层:
# author:mlnt # createdate:2022/8/15 import docx # 导入docx模块 # 1.创建docx对象 document = docx.Document('test.docx') # 2.获得Paragraph和Run数量 # 使用len()方法获得Paragraph数量 paragraph_count = len(document.paragraphs) print(f'段落数:{paragraph_count}') for i in range(0, paragraph_count): # 获取Paragraph的Run数量 paragraph_run_count = len(document.paragraphs[i].runs) # i为Paragraph编号 print(document.paragraphs[i].text) # 打印Paragraph内容 print(document.paragraphs[i].runs[i].text) # 打印第i段第i个Run内容 def getFile(filename): """读取文件与适度编辑文件""" document = docx.Document(filename) # 建立Word文件对象 content = [] for paragraph in document.paragraphs: print(paragraph.text) # 输出文件所读取的Paragraph内容 content.append(paragraph.text) # 将每一段Paragraph组成列表 return '\n\n'.join(content) # 将列表转成字符串并隔行输出 print(getFile('test.docx')) # 存储文件 document.save('out_test.docx') # 将文件复制到新文件
test.docx:
out_test.docx
# author:mlnt # createdate:2022/8/15 import docx # 导入docx模块 from docx.document import Document from docx.oxml import CT_P, CT_Tbl from docx.table import _Cell, Table, _Row from docx.text.paragraph import Paragraph def iter_block_items(parent): """ 依次遍历文档内容 按文档顺序生成对父级中每个段落和表子级的引用。 每个返回值都是表或段落的实例。 父对象通常是对主文档对象的引用,但也适用于_Cell对象,它本身可以包含段落和表格。 :param parent: :return: """ # 判断传入的是否为word文档对象,是则获取文档内容的全部子对象 if isinstance(parent, Document): parent_elm = parent.element.body # 判断传入的是否为单元格,是则获取单元格内全部子对象 elif isinstance(parent, _Cell): parent_elm = parent.tc # 判断是否为表格行 elif isinstance(parent, _Row): parent_elm = parent.tr else: raise ValueError("something's not right") # 遍历全部子对象 for child in parent_elm.iterchildren(): # 判断是否为段落,是则返回段落对象 if isinstance(child, CT_P): yield Paragraph(child, parent) # 判断是否为表格,是则返回表格对象 if isinstance(child, CT_Tbl): yield Table(child, parent) # 1.创建docx对象 document = docx.Document('test.docx') # 遍历word文档,最后调用函数没有返回值时停止遍历 for block in iter_block_items(document): # 判断是否为段落 if isinstance(block, Paragraph): print(block.text) # 判断是否为表格 elif isinstance(block, Table): for row in block.rows: row_data = [] for cell in row.cells: for paragraph in cell.paragraphs: row_data.append(paragraph.text) print("\t".join(row_data))
测试文档:
读取效果:
创建docx对象
# 1.创建docx对象
document = docx.Document()
设置页面
# 设置页眉
run_header = document.sections[0].header.paragraphs[0].add_run("test")
document.sections[0].header.paragraphs[0].alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER # 居中对齐
添加标题
# 2.添加标题
"""
add_heading():建立标题
- document.add_heading('content_of_heading', level=n)
"""
document.add_heading('侠客行', level=1) # 标题1格式
document.add_heading('李白', level=2) # 标题2格式
添加段落
# 3.添加段落 # 创建段落对象 """ add_paragraph():建立段落Paragraph内容 - document.add_paragraph('paragraph_content') """ paragraph_object = document.add_paragraph('赵客缦胡缨,吴钩霜雪明。') document.add_paragraph('银鞍照白马,飒沓如流星。') document.add_paragraph('十步杀一人,千里不留行。') document.add_paragraph('事了拂衣去,深藏身与名。') document.add_paragraph('闲过信陵饮,脱剑膝前横。') document.add_paragraph('将炙啖朱亥,持觞劝侯嬴。') document.add_paragraph('三杯吐然诺,五岳倒为轻。') document.add_paragraph('眼花耳热后,意气素霓生。') document.add_paragraph('救赵挥金槌,邯郸先震惊。') document.add_paragraph('千秋二壮士,烜赫大梁城。') document.add_paragraph('纵死侠骨香,不惭世上英。') document.add_paragraph('谁能书阁下,白首太玄经。') prior_paragraph_object = paragraph_object.insert_paragraph_before('') # 在paragraph前插入新段落
建立Run内容,设置样式
# 4.建立Run内容 """ Paragraph是由Run组成,使用add_run()方法可以在Paragraph中插入内容,语法如下: paragraph_object.add_run('run_content') """ run1 = prior_paragraph_object.add_run('*'*13) run2 = prior_paragraph_object.add_run('%'*13) # 设置Run的样式 """ bold: 加粗 italic:斜体 underline:下划线 strike:删除线 """ run1.bold = True run2.underline = True # 设置段落居中对齐 for i in range(len(document.paragraphs)): document.paragraphs[i].alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER # 居中对齐
添加换页符
# 5.添加换页符
# add_page_break()
document.add_page_break()
插入图片
# 6.插入图片
# add_picture(),调整图片宽高需导入docx.shared模块
document.add_picture('libai.jpeg', width=Pt(200), height=Pt(300))
# 设置居中对齐
document.paragraphs[len(document.paragraphs)-1].alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER # 居中对齐
创建表格,添加数据并设置简单样式
# 7.创建表格 """ add_table(rows=n, cols=m) """ table = document.add_table(rows=2, cols=5) # 添加表格内容 # 添加第1行数据 row = table.rows[0] row.cells[0].text = '姓名' row.cells[1].text = '字' row.cells[2].text = '号' row.cells[3].text = '所处时代' row.cells[4].text = '别称' # 添加第2行数据 row = table.rows[1] row.cells[0].text = '李白' row.cells[1].text = '太白' row.cells[2].text = '青莲居士' row.cells[3].text = '唐朝' row.cells[4].text = '诗仙' # 插入行 new_row = table.add_row() # 增加表格行 new_row.cells[0].text = '白居易' new_row.cells[1].text = '乐天' new_row.cells[2].text = '香山居士' new_row.cells[3].text = '唐朝' new_row.cells[4].text = '诗魔' # 插入列 new_column = table.add_column(width=Inches(1)) # 增加表格列 new_column.cells[0].text = '代表作' new_column.cells[1].text = '《侠客行》、《静夜思》' new_column.cells[2].text = '《长恨歌》、《琵琶行》' # 计算表格的rows和cols的长度 rows = len(table.rows) cols = len(table.columns) print(f'rows: {rows}') print(f'columns: {cols}') # 打印表格内容 # for row in table.rows: # for cell in row.cells: # print(cell.text) # 设置表格样式 # table.style = 'LightShading-Accent1' # UserWarning: style lookup by style_id is deprecated. Use style name as key instead. table.style = 'Light Shading Accent 1' # 循环将每一行,每一列都设置为居中 for r in range(rows): for c in range(cols): table.cell(r, c).vertical_alignment = WD_CELL_VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT.CENTER # 垂直居中 table.cell(r, c).paragraphs[0].paragraph_format.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER # 水平居中
设置页码并保存
# 设置页码
add_page_number(document.sections[0].footer.paragraphs[0])
# 保存文件
document.save('test2.docx')
设置页码的代码(page_num.py)
from docx import Document from docx.enum.text import WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT from docx.oxml import OxmlElement, ns def create_element(name): return OxmlElement(name) def create_attribute(element, name, value): element.set(ns.qn(name), value) def add_page_number(paragraph): paragraph.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER page_run = paragraph.add_run() t1 = create_element('w:t') create_attribute(t1, 'xml:space', 'preserve') t1.text = 'Page ' page_run._r.append(t1) page_num_run = paragraph.add_run() fldChar1 = create_element('w:fldChar') create_attribute(fldChar1, 'w:fldCharType', 'begin') instrText = create_element('w:instrText') create_attribute(instrText, 'xml:space', 'preserve') instrText.text = "PAGE" fldChar2 = create_element('w:fldChar') create_attribute(fldChar2, 'w:fldCharType', 'end') page_num_run._r.append(fldChar1) page_num_run._r.append(instrText) page_num_run._r.append(fldChar2) of_run = paragraph.add_run() t2 = create_element('w:t') create_attribute(t2, 'xml:space', 'preserve') t2.text = ' of ' of_run._r.append(t2) fldChar3 = create_element('w:fldChar') create_attribute(fldChar3, 'w:fldCharType', 'begin') instrText2 = create_element('w:instrText') create_attribute(instrText2, 'xml:space', 'preserve') instrText2.text = "NUMPAGES" fldChar4 = create_element('w:fldChar') create_attribute(fldChar4, 'w:fldCharType', 'end') num_pages_run = paragraph.add_run() num_pages_run._r.append(fldChar3) num_pages_run._r.append(instrText2) num_pages_run._r.append(fldChar4)
完整代码
import docx from docx.enum.table import WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT, WD_CELL_VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT from docx.enum.text import WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT from docx.shared import Pt, Inches from page_num import add_page_number # 1.创建docx对象 document = docx.Document() # 设置页眉 run_header = document.sections[0].header.paragraphs[0].add_run("test") document.sections[0].header.paragraphs[0].alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER # 居中对齐 print(len(document.sections)) # 2.添加标题 """ add_heading():建立标题 - document.add_heading('content_of_heading', level=n) """ document.add_heading('侠客行', level=1) # 标题1格式 document.add_heading('李白', level=2) # 标题2格式 # 3.添加段落 # 创建段落对象 """ add_paragraph():建立段落Paragraph内容 - document.add_paragraph('paragraph_content') """ paragraph_object = document.add_paragraph('赵客缦胡缨,吴钩霜雪明。') document.add_paragraph('银鞍照白马,飒沓如流星。') document.add_paragraph('十步杀一人,千里不留行。') document.add_paragraph('事了拂衣去,深藏身与名。') document.add_paragraph('闲过信陵饮,脱剑膝前横。') document.add_paragraph('将炙啖朱亥,持觞劝侯嬴。') document.add_paragraph('三杯吐然诺,五岳倒为轻。') document.add_paragraph('眼花耳热后,意气素霓生。') document.add_paragraph('救赵挥金槌,邯郸先震惊。') document.add_paragraph('千秋二壮士,烜赫大梁城。') document.add_paragraph('纵死侠骨香,不惭世上英。') document.add_paragraph('谁能书阁下,白首太玄经。') prior_paragraph_object = paragraph_object.insert_paragraph_before('') # 在paragraph前插入新段落 # 4.建立Run内容 """ Paragraph是由Run组成,使用add_run()方法可以在Paragraph中插入内容,语法如下: paragraph_object.add_run('run_content') """ run1 = prior_paragraph_object.add_run('*'*13) run2 = prior_paragraph_object.add_run('%'*13) # 设置Run的样式 """ bold: 加粗 italic:斜体 underline:下划线 strike:删除线 """ run1.bold = True run2.underline = True # 设置段落居中对齐 for i in range(len(document.paragraphs)): document.paragraphs[i].alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER # 居中对齐 # 5.添加换页符 # add_page_break() document.add_page_break() # print(len(document.paragraphs)) # 6.插入图片 # add_picture(),调整图片宽高需导入docx.shared模块 document.add_picture('libai.jpeg', width=Pt(200), height=Pt(300)) # 设置居中对齐 document.paragraphs[len(document.paragraphs)-1].alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER # 居中对齐 # 7.创建表格 """ add_table(rows=n, cols=m) """ table = document.add_table(rows=2, cols=5) # 添加表格内容 # 添加第1行数据 row = table.rows[0] row.cells[0].text = '姓名' row.cells[1].text = '字' row.cells[2].text = '号' row.cells[3].text = '所处时代' row.cells[4].text = '别称' # 添加第2行数据 row = table.rows[1] row.cells[0].text = '李白' row.cells[1].text = '太白' row.cells[2].text = '青莲居士' row.cells[3].text = '唐朝' row.cells[4].text = '诗仙' # 插入行 new_row = table.add_row() # 增加表格行 new_row.cells[0].text = '白居易' new_row.cells[1].text = '乐天' new_row.cells[2].text = '香山居士' new_row.cells[3].text = '唐朝' new_row.cells[4].text = '诗魔' # 插入列 new_column = table.add_column(width=Inches(1)) # 增加表格列 new_column.cells[0].text = '代表作' new_column.cells[1].text = '《侠客行》、《静夜思》' new_column.cells[2].text = '《长恨歌》、《琵琶行》' # 计算表格的rows和cols的长度 rows = len(table.rows) cols = len(table.columns) print(f'rows: {rows}') print(f'columns: {cols}') # 打印表格内容 # for row in table.rows: # for cell in row.cells: # print(cell.text) # 设置表格样式 # table.style = 'LightShading-Accent1' # UserWarning: style lookup by style_id is deprecated. Use style name as key instead. table.style = 'Light Shading Accent 1' # 循环将每一行,每一列都设置为居中 for r in range(rows): for c in range(cols): table.cell(r, c).vertical_alignment = WD_CELL_VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT.CENTER # 垂直居中 table.cell(r, c).paragraphs[0].paragraph_format.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER # 水平居中 # 设置页码 add_page_number(document.sections[0].footer.paragraphs[0]) # 保存文件 document.save('test2.docx')
效果:
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