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由于网站注册入口容易被黑客攻击,存在如下安全问题:
所以大部分网站及App 都采取图形验证码或滑动验证码等交互解决方案, 但在机器学习能力提高的当下,连百度这样的大厂都遭受攻击导致点名批评, 图形验证及交互验证方式的安全性到底如何? 请看具体分析
简介:北京云测信息技术有限公司(以下简称“Testin云测”),Testin云测创立于2011年,是一家以人工智能技术驱动的企业服务平台,为全球超过百万的企业及开发者提供云测试服务、AI训练数据服务、安全服务。
采用腾讯的智能验证,包含点击和滑动验证,容易被模拟器绕过甚至逆向后暴力攻击,滑动拼图识别率在 95% 以上。
前端界面分析,这是腾讯v2版本,特点是矩形缺口,滑块和其它图形混合在一起,需要做切割处理,智能版本为头几次直接过,无需滑动,我们采用模拟器的方式,关键点主要模拟器交互、距离识别和轨道算法3部分。
public RetEntity send(WebDriver driver, String areaCode, String phone) {
RetEntity retEntity = new RetEntity();
WebElement phoneElemet, clickElemet;
try {
driver.get(INDEX_URL);
Thread.sleep(400);
// 输入手机号
phoneElemet = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.id("mobile"), 500);
phoneElemet.clear();
for (int i = 0; i < phone.length(); i++) {
phoneElemet.sendKeys(phone.charAt(i) + "");
phoneElemet.click();
}
Thread.sleep(400);
// 点击出现滑动图
clickElemet = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.id("mobCodeGetBtn"), 500);
clickElemet.click();
Thread.sleep(1000);
// 计算移动距离
TencentClientV2 tClient = new TencentClientV2("testin.cn");
RetEntity moveRet = tClient.moveExec(driver);
System.out.println("ret=" + moveRet.toString());
Thread.sleep(500);
if (moveRet.getRet() == 0) {
WebElement infoElement = driver.findElement(By.id("mobCode_err"));
String text = infoElement.getText();
System.out.println("text=" + text);
if (text != null && text.contains("超过限制")) {
retEntity.setRet(-1);
retEntity.setMsg(text);
} else {
retEntity.setRet(0);
}
}
return retEntity;
} catch (Throwable e) {
StringBuffer er = new StringBuffer("send() " + e.toString() + "\n");
for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace())
er.append(elment.toString() + "\n");
logger.error(er.toString());
System.out.println(er.toString());
retEntity.setRet(-1);
retEntity.setMsg(e.toString());
return retEntity;
}
}
/**
* v2 版本
*
* @param driver
* @return
*/
public RetEntity moveExec(WebDriver driver) {
File bFile = null;
File sFile = null;
RetEntity retEntity = new RetEntity();
retEntity.setRet(-1);
try {
// 获取到验证区域
WebElement iframe = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.id("tcaptcha_iframe_dy"), 100);
if (iframe == null) {
System.out.println("moveExec() tcaptcha_iframe|timeout!!!");
retEntity.setRet(-99);
retEntity.setMsg("tcaptcha_iframe|timeout!!");
return retEntity;
}
driver.switchTo().frame(iframe);
String bgUrl = null;
System.out.println("get bgUrl begin ........");
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
// 获取带阴影的背景图
WebElement wegSlideBg = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.id("slideBg"), 300);
String cssValue = (wegSlideBg != null) ? wegSlideBg.getCssValue("background-image") : null;
bgUrl = (cssValue != null && cssValue.contains("\"")) ? cssValue.split("\"")[1] : null;
System.out.println(" |-i=" + i + ",bgUrl=" + bgUrl);
if (bgUrl != null && bgUrl.length() > 0) {
break;
} else {
sleep(500);
}
}
// 获取带阴影的背景图
if (bgUrl == null) {
retEntity.setMsg("bgUrl=" + bgUrl);
return retEntity;
}
Long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
// 获取小图 URL (替换img_index=1为 img_index=0)
String slUrl = bgUrl.replaceAll("img_index=1", "img_index=0");
bFile = new File(dataPath + time + "-b.png");
sFile = new File(dataPath + time + "-s.png");
Map<String, byte[]> retMap = getTwoImg(driver, bgUrl, slUrl, bFile, sFile);
if (retMap != null) {
byte[] bigBytes = retMap.get("big");
byte[] smallBytes = retMap.get("small");
String distanceStr = null, width = null;
String ckSum = GenChecksumUtil.genChecksum(bigBytes);
String[] outArray = openCv2.getOpenCvDistance(ckSum, bigBytes, smallBytes, "tencent_v2", 3);
distanceStr = (outArray != null && outArray.length >= 2) ? outArray[1] : null;
width = (outArray != null && outArray.length >= 2) ? outArray[0] : null;
Double left = 27.0 * 672 / 340;// 起点距左边距离
Double act = (Double.parseDouble(distanceStr) - left - Double.parseDouble(width)) * 340.0 / 672.0;
Integer distance = act.intValue();
System.out.println("moveExec() distance(" + distanceStr + ")=" + distance);
if (distance == null || distance <= 0) {
return retEntity;
}
WebElement moveElemet = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.className("tc-slider-normal"), 500);
sleep(500);
// 滑动
ActionMove.move(driver, moveElemet, distance);
sleep(400);
// 滑动结果
String gtInfo = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.id("statusSuccess"), 100).getText();
if (gtInfo == null || "".equals(gtInfo)) {
sleep(200);
gtInfo = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.id("statusError"), 100).getText();
}
System.out.println("moveExec() gtInfo=" + gtInfo);
// driver.switchTo().frame(oldWin);
if (gtInfo.contains("验证成功")) {
retEntity.setRet(0);
retEntity.setMsg("moveExec:" + gtInfo);
} else if (gtInfo.contains("再试一次") || gtInfo.contains("恍惚了") || gtInfo.contains("半路丢了")) {
retEntity.setRet(-1);
retEntity.setMsg("失败");
} else {
retEntity.setMsg(gtInfo);
}
} else {
logger.error("retMap=" + retMap);
retEntity.setMsg("retMap=" + retMap);
}
// 切回主页面
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
return retEntity;
} catch (Exception e) {
StringBuffer er = new StringBuffer("moveExec() " + e.toString() + "\n");
for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace())
er.append(elment.toString() + "\n");
logger.error(er.toString());
System.out.println(er.toString());
retEntity.setRet(-99);
retEntity.setMsg(er.toString());
return retEntity;
} finally {
if (retEntity.getRet() == 0) {
System.out.println("moveExec() del file...");
if (bFile != null)
bFile.delete();
if (sFile != null)
sFile.delete();
}
}
/**
*
* @param ckSum
* @param bigBytes
* @param smallBytes
* @param factory
* @return { width, maxX }
*/
public String[] getOpenCvDistance(String ckSum, byte bigBytes[], byte smallBytes[], String factory, int border) {
try {
String basePath = ConstTable.codePath + factory + "/";
File baseFile = new File(basePath);
if (!baseFile.isDirectory()) {
baseFile.mkdirs();
}
// 小图文件
File smallFile = new File(basePath + ckSum + "_s.png");
FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(smallFile, smallBytes);
// 大图文件
File bigFile = new File(basePath + ckSum + "_b.png");
FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(bigFile, bigBytes);
// 边框清理(去干扰)
byte[] clearBoder = (border > 0) ? ImageIOHelper.clearBoder(smallBytes, border) : smallBytes;
File tpFile = new File(basePath + ckSum + "_t.png");
FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(tpFile, clearBoder);
String resultFile = basePath + ckSum + "_o.png";
return getWidth(tpFile.getAbsolutePath(), bigFile.getAbsolutePath(), resultFile);
} catch (Throwable e) {
logger.error("getMoveDistance() ckSum=" + ckSum + " " + e.toString());
for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace()) {
logger.error(elment.toString());
}
return null;
}
}
/**
* Open Cv 图片模板匹配
*
* @param tpPath
* 模板图片路径
* @param bgPath
* 目标图片路径
* @return { width, maxX }
*/
private String[] getWidth(String tpPath, String bgPath, String resultFile) {
try {
Rect rectCrop = clearWhite(tpPath);
Mat g_tem = Imgcodecs.imread(tpPath);
Mat clearMat = g_tem.submat(rectCrop);
Mat cvt = new Mat();
Imgproc.cvtColor(clearMat, cvt, Imgproc.COLOR_RGB2GRAY);
Mat edgesSlide = new Mat();
Imgproc.Canny(cvt, edgesSlide, threshold1, threshold2);
Mat cvtSlide = new Mat();
Imgproc.cvtColor(edgesSlide, cvtSlide, Imgproc.COLOR_GRAY2RGB);
Imgcodecs.imwrite(tpPath, cvtSlide);
Mat g_b = Imgcodecs.imread(bgPath);
Mat edgesBg = new Mat();
Imgproc.Canny(g_b, edgesBg, threshold1, threshold2);
Mat cvtBg = new Mat();
Imgproc.cvtColor(edgesBg, cvtBg, Imgproc.COLOR_GRAY2RGB);
int result_rows = cvtBg.rows() - cvtSlide.rows() + 1;
int result_cols = cvtBg.cols() - cvtSlide.cols() + 1;
Mat g_result = new Mat(result_rows, result_cols, CvType.CV_32FC1);
Imgproc.matchTemplate(cvtBg, cvtSlide, g_result, Imgproc.TM_CCOEFF_NORMED); // 归一化平方差匹配法
// 归一化相关匹配法
MinMaxLocResult minMaxLoc = Core.minMaxLoc(g_result);
Point maxLoc = minMaxLoc.maxLoc;
Imgproc.rectangle(cvtBg, maxLoc, new Point(maxLoc.x + cvtSlide.cols(), maxLoc.y + cvtSlide.rows()), new Scalar(0, 0, 255), 1);
Imgcodecs.imwrite(resultFile, cvtBg);
String width = String.valueOf(cvtSlide.cols());
String maxX = String.valueOf(maxLoc.x + cvtSlide.cols());
System.out.println("OpenCv2.getWidth() width=" + width + ",maxX=" + maxX);
return new String[] { width, maxX };
} catch (Throwable e) {
System.out.println("getWidth() " + e.toString());
logger.error("getWidth() " + e.toString());
for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace()) {
logger.error(elment.toString());
}
return null;
}
}
/**
* 根据距离获取滑动轨迹
*
* @param distance需要移动的距离
* @return
*/
public static List<Integer> getTrack(int distance) {
List<Integer> track = new ArrayList<Integer>();// 移动轨迹
List<Integer[]> list = getXyTrack(distance);
for (Integer[] m : list) {
track.add(m[0]);
}
return track;
}
/**
* 双轴轨道生成算法,主要实现平滑加速和减速
*
* @param distance
* @return
*/
public static List<Integer[]> getXyTrack(int distance) {
List<Integer[]> track = new ArrayList<Integer[]>();// 移动轨迹
try {
int a = (int) (distance / 3.0) + random.nextInt(10);
int h = 0, current = 0;// 已经移动的距离
BigDecimal midRate = new BigDecimal(0.7 + (random.nextInt(10) / 100.00)).setScale(4, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);
BigDecimal mid = new BigDecimal(distance).multiply(midRate).setScale(0, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);// 减速阈值
BigDecimal move = null;// 每次循环移动的距离
List<Integer[]> subList = new ArrayList<Integer[]>();// 移动轨迹
boolean plus = true;
Double t = 0.18, v = 0.00, v0;
while (current <= distance) {
h = random.nextInt(2);
if (current > distance / 2) {
h = h * -1;
}
v0 = v;
v = v0 + a * t;
move = new BigDecimal(v0 * t + 1 / 2 * a * t * t).setScale(4, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);// 加速
if (move.intValue() < 1)
move = new BigDecimal(1L);
if (plus) {
track.add(new Integer[] { move.intValue(), h });
} else {
subList.add(0, new Integer[] { move.intValue(), h });
}
current += move.intValue();
if (plus && current >= mid.intValue()) {
plus = false;
move = new BigDecimal(0L);
v = 0.00;
}
}
track.addAll(subList);
int bk = current - distance;
if (bk > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < bk; i++) {
track.add(new Integer[] { -1, h });
}
}
System.out.println("getMoveTrack(" + midRate + ") a=" + a + ",distance=" + distance + " -> mid=" + mid.intValue() + " size=" + track.size());
return track;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.print(e.toString());
return null;
}
}
/**
* 模拟人工移动
*
* @param driver
* @param element页面滑块
* @param distance需要移动距离
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
public static void move(WebDriver driver, WebElement element, int distance) throws InterruptedException {
List<Integer[]> track = getXyTrack(distance);
if (track == null || track.size() < 1) {
System.out.println("move() track=" + track);
}
int moveY, moveX;
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
try {
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.clickAndHold(element).perform();
Thread.sleep(20);
long begin, cost;
Integer[] move;
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < track.size(); i++) {
begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
move = track.get(i);
moveX = move[0];
sum += moveX;
moveY = move[1];
if (moveX < 0) {
if (sb.length() > 0) {
sb.append(",");
}
sb.append(moveX);
}
actions.moveByOffset(moveX, moveY).perform();
cost = System.currentTimeMillis() - begin;
if (cost < 3) {
Thread.sleep(3 - cost);
}
}
if (sb.length() > 0) {
System.out.println("-----backspace[" + sb.toString() + "]sum=" + sum + ",distance=" + distance);
}
Thread.sleep(180);
actions.release(element).perform();
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (Exception e) {
StringBuffer er = new StringBuffer("move() " + e.toString() + "\n");
for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace())
er.append(elment.toString() + "\n");
logger.error(er.toString());
System.out.println(er.toString());
}
}
云测作为行业实力雄厚的高科技企业, 采用的是通俗的滑动验证产品, 该产品稳定并且市场占有率很高, 在一定程度上提高了用户体验, 但安全性在机器学习的今天, 已经无法应对攻击了,并且正是由于该产品通俗, 所以在网上破解的文章和教学视频也是大量存在,并且经过验证滑动产品很容易被破解, 所以除了滑动验证方式, 花样百出的产品层出不穷,但本质就是牺牲用户体验来提高安全。
很多人在短信服务刚开始建设的阶段,可能不会在安全方面考虑太多,理由有很多。
比如:“ 需求这么赶,当然是先实现功能啊 ”,“ 业务量很小啦,系统就这么点人用,不怕的 ” , “ 我们怎么会被盯上呢,不可能的 ”等等。有一些理由虽然有道理,但是该来的总是会来的。前期欠下来的债,总是要还的。越早还,问题就越小,损失就越低。
所以大家在安全方面还是要重视。(血淋淋的栗子!)#安全短信#
谷歌图形验证码在AI 面前已经形同虚设,所以谷歌宣布退出验证码服务, 那么当所有的图形验证码都被破解时,大家又该如何做好防御呢?
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