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python sanic_Sanic 中文文档: Python 高性能 web 框架

python sanic

入门指南

Install Sanic:python3 -m pip install sanic

example

from sanic import Sanic

from sanic.response import text

app = Sanic(name)

@app.route(“/“)

async def test(request):

return text(‘ Hello world!’)

app.run(host=” 0.0.0.0 ”, port=8000, debug=True)

路由

路由允许用户为不同的 URL 端点指定处理程序函数。

demo:

from sanic.response import json

@app.route(“/“)

async def test(request):

return json({ “ hello ”: “ world ” })

url http://server.url/被访问(服务器的基本 url),最终'/'被路由器匹配到处理程序函数,测试,然后返回一个 JSON 对象。

Request parameters (请求参数)

要指定一个参数,可以用像这样的角引号包围它。请求参数将作为关键字参数传递给路线处理程序函数。

demo

from sanic.response import text

@app.route(‘/tag/‘)

async def tag_handler(request, tag):

return text(‘ Tag - {}’.format(tag))

为参数指定类型,在参数名后面添加(:类型)。如果参数不匹配指定的类型,Sanic 将抛出一个不存在的异常,导致一个 404 页面

demo:

from sanic.response import text

@app.route(‘/number/‘)

async def integer_handler(request, integer_arg):

return text(‘ Integer - {}’.format(integer_arg))

@app.route(‘/number/‘)

async def number_handler(request, number_arg):

return text(‘ Number - {}’.format(number_arg))

@app.route(‘/person/‘)

async def person_handler(request, name):

return text(‘ Person - {}’.format(name))

@app.route(‘/folder/‘)

async def folder_handler(request, folder_id):

return text(‘ Folder - {}’.format(folder_id))

HTTP request types(请求类型)

路由装饰器接受一个可选的参数,方法,它允许处理程序函数与列表中的任何 HTTP 方法一起工作。

demo_1

from sanic.response import text

@app.route(‘/post ’, methods=[‘ POST ’])

async def post_handler(request):

return text(‘ POST request - {}’.format(request.json))

@app.route(‘/get ’, methods=[‘ GET ’])

async def get_handler(request):

return text(‘ GET request - {}’.format(request.args))

demo_2

from sanic.response import text

@app.post(‘/post ’)

async def post_handler(request):

return text(‘ POST request - {}’.format(request.json))

@app.get(‘/get ’)

async def get_handler(request):

return text(‘ GET request - {}’.format(request.args))

add_route method(增加路由)

from sanic.response import text

# Define the handler functions

async def handler1(request):

return text('OK')

async def handler2(request, name):

return text('Folder - {}'.format(name))

async def person_handler2(request, name):

return text('Person - {}'.format(name))

# Add each handler function as a route

app.add_route(handler1, '/test')

app.add_route(handler2, '/folder/')

app.add_route(person_handler2, '/person/', methods=['GET'])

url_for

Sanic 提供了一个 urlfor 方法,根据处理程序方法名生成 url。避免硬编码 url 路径到您的应用程序

demo

@app.route('/')

async def index(request):

# generate a URL for the endpoint `post_handler`

url = app.url_for('post_handler', post_id=5)

# the URL is `/posts/5`, redirect to it

return redirect(url)

@app.route('/posts/')

async def post_handler(request, post_id):

return text('Post - {}'.format(post_id))

注意:

给 url equest 的关键字参数不是请求参数,它将包含在 URL 的查询字符串中。例如:

url = app.url_for('post_handler', post_id=5, arg_one='one', arg_two='two')

#/posts/5?arg_one=one&arg_two=two

所有有效的参数必须传递给 url 以便构建一个 URL。如果没有提供一个参数,或者一个参数与指定的类型不匹配,就会抛出一个 URLBuildError

可以将多值参数传递给 url

url = app.url_for('post_handler', post_id=5, arg_one=['one', 'two'])

# /posts/5?arg_one=one&arg_one=two

WebSocket routes(网络套接字路由)

websocket 可以通过装饰路由实现

demo:

@app.websocket('/feed')

async def feed(request, ws):

while True:

data = 'hello!'

print('Sending: ' + data)

await ws.send(data)

data = await ws.recv()

print('Received: ' + data)

另外,添加 websocket 路由方法可以代替装饰器

async def feed(request, ws):

pass

app.add_websocket_route(my_websocket_handler, '/feed')

响应( response )

text

from sanic import response

@app.route('/text')

def handle_request(request):

return response.text('Hello world!')

HTML

from sanic import response

@app.route('/html')

def handle_request(request):

return response.html('

Hello world!

')

JSON

from sanic import response

@app.route('/json')

def handle_request(request):

return response.json({'message': 'Hello world!'})

File

from sanic import response

@app.route('/file')

async def handle_request(request):

return await response.file('/srv/www/whatever.png')

Streaming

from sanic import response

@app.route("/streaming")

async def index(request):

async def streaming_fn(response):

response.write('foo')

response.write('bar')

return response.stream(streaming_fn, content_type='text/plain')

File Streaming

对于大文件,文件和流的组合

from sanic import response

@app.route('/big_file.png')

async def handle_request(request):

return await response.file_stream('/srv/www/whatever.png')

Redirect

from sanic import response

@app.route('/redirect')

def handle_request(request):

return response.redirect('/json')

Raw

没有进行编码的响应

from sanic import response

@app.route(‘/raw ’)

def handle_request(request):

return response.raw(‘ raw data ’)

Modify headers or status

要修改头或状态代码,将标题或状态参数传递给这些函数

from sanic import response

@app.route(‘/json ’)

def handle_request(request):

return response.json(

{‘ message ’: ‘ Hello world!’},

headers={‘ X-Served-By ’: ‘ sanic ’},

status=200

)

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