message () { # pretty-print messages of arbitrary length; use xmessage if it # is available and $DISPLAY is set MESSAGE="$PROGNAME: $*" echo "$MESSAGE" | fold -s -w ${COLUMNS:-80} >&2 if [ -n "$DISPLAY" ] && which xmessage > /dev/null 2>&1; then echo "$MESSAGE" | fold -s -w ${COLUMNS:-80} | xmessage -center -file - fi }
message_nonl () { # pretty-print messages of arbitrary length (no trailing newline); use # xmessage if it is available and $DISPLAY is set MESSAGE="$PROGNAME: $*" echo -n "$MESSAGE" | fold -s -w ${COLUMNS:-80} >&2; if [ -n "$DISPLAY" ] && which xmessage > /dev/null 2>&1; then echo -n "$MESSAGE" | fold -s -w ${COLUMNS:-80} | xmessage -center -file - fi }
internal_errormsg () { # exit script with error; essentially a "THIS SHOULD NEVER HAPPEN" message # One big call to message() for the sake of xmessage; if we had two then # the user would have dismissed the error we want reported before seeing the # request to report it. errormsg "$*" / "Please report the installed version of the /"xfree86-common/"" / "package and the complete text of this error message to" / "<debian-x@lists.debian.org>." }
# initialize variables for use by all session scripts
# attempt to create an error file; abort if we cannot if touch "$ERRFILE" 2> /dev/null && [ -w "$ERRFILE" ] && [ ! -L "$ERRFILE" ]; then chmod 600 "$ERRFILE" elif ERRFILE=$(tempfile 2> /dev/null); then if ! ln -sf "$ERRFILE" "${TMPDIR:=/tmp}/xsession-$USER"; then message "warning: unable to symlink /"$TMPDIR/xsession-$USER/" to" / "/"$ERRFILE/"; look for session log/errors in" / "/"$TMPDIR/xsession-$USER/"." fi else errormsg "unable to create X session log/error file; aborting." fi
exec >>"$ERRFILE" 2>&1
echo "$PROGNAME: X session started for $LOGNAME at $(date)"
# sanity check; is our session script directory present? if [ ! -d "$SYSSESSIONDIR" ]; then errormsg "no /"$SYSSESSIONDIR/" directory found; aborting." fi
# Attempt to create a file of non-zero length in /tmp; a full filesystem can # cause mysterious X session failures. We do not use touch, :, or test -w # because they won't actually create a file with contents. We also let standard # error from tempfile and echo go to the error file to aid the user in # determining what went wrong. WRITE_TEST=$(tempfile) if ! echo "*" >>"$WRITE_TEST"; then message "warning: unable to write to ${WRITE_TEST%/*}; X session may exit" / "with an error" fi rm -f "$WRITE_TEST"
# Use run-parts to source every file in the session directory; we source # instead of executing so that the variables and functions defined above # are available to the scripts, and so that they can pass variables to each # other. SESSIONFILES=$(run-parts --list $SYSSESSIONDIR) if [ -n "$SESSIONFILES" ]; then for SESSIONFILE in $SESSIONFILES; do . $SESSIONFILE done fi
exit 0 此文件的第五行“# global Xsession file -- used by display managers and xinit (startx)”已经说明/etc/X11/Xsession脚本是大家公用的,无论你是用XWindow管理器(比如kdm、gdm、xdm)进入还是通过命令行输入startx(即xinit方式)进入XWindow,都会调用此脚本程序。
再看看这个脚本程序做了些什么吧。
这一行“SYSSESSIONDIR=/etc/X11/Xsession.d”定义了一个变量指向了目录/etc/X11/Xsession.d,后面又出现一段代码:
SESSIONFILES=$(run-parts --list $SYSSESSIONDIR) if [ -n "$SESSIONFILES" ]; then for SESSIONFILE in $SESSIONFILES; do . $SESSIONFILE done fi 显然这里是搜索了目录/etc/X11/Xsession.d里面所有的脚本并一一执行完毕。
同时请注意有这么两行:
USERXSESSION=$HOME/.xsession ALTUSERXSESSION=$HOME/.Xsession 在这里并没有看到使用这两个变量,那么在这个脚本里定义来做什么?
下面再看一下脚本/etc/X11/Xsession.d/50xfree86-common_determine-startup里的内容,原文如下:
# $Id: 50xfree86-common_determine-startup 1437 2004-05-23 03:18:32Z branden $
# This file is sourced by Xsession(5), not executed.
# If no X session startup program was passed to the Xsession script as an # argument (e.g., by the display manager), or if that program was not # executable, fall back to looking for a user's custom X session script, if # allowed by the options file. if [ -z "$STARTUP" ]; then if grep -qs ^allow-user-xsession "$OPTIONFILE"; then for STARTUPFILE in "$USERXSESSION" "$ALTUSERXSESSION"; do if [ -e "$STARTUPFILE" ]; then if [ -x "$STARTUPFILE" ]; then STARTUP="$STARTUPFILE" else STARTUP="sh $STARTUPFILE" fi break fi done fi fi
# If there is still nothing to use for a startup program, try the system # default session manager, window manager, and terminal emulator. if [ -z "$STARTUP" ]; then if [ -x /usr/bin/x-session-manager ]; then STARTUP=x-session-manager elif [ -x /usr/bin/x-window-manager ]; then STARTUP=x-window-manager elif [ -x /usr/bin/x-terminal-emulator ]; then STARTUP=x-terminal-emulator fi fi
# If we still have not found a startup program, give up. if [ -z "$STARTUP" ]; then ERRMSG="unable to start X session ---" if grep -qs ^allow-user-xsession "$OPTIONFILE"; then ERRMSG="$ERRMSG no /"$USERXSESSION/" file, no /"$ALTUSERXSESSION/" file," fi errormsg "$ERRMSG no session managers, no window managers, and no terminal" / "emulators found; aborting." fi
# vim:set ai et sts=2 sw=2 tw=80: 这一行“# This file is sourced by Xsession(5), not executed.”证明脚本是被之前的/etc/X11/Xsession调用的,而后面这一段:
for STARTUPFILE in "$USERXSESSION" "$ALTUSERXSESSION"; do if [ -e "$STARTUPFILE" ]; then if [ -x "$STARTUPFILE" ]; then STARTUP="$STARTUPFILE" else STARTUP="sh $STARTUPFILE" fi break fi done 更证明了这一点。在这里脚本搜索用户目录$HOME下的.xsession或.Xsession脚本来执行。
(在/etc/X11/Xsession.d目录下还有一些脚本,这里就不再分析了,各位有兴趣可以自己看看)
另外来看看/etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc这个脚本,其原文内容如下:
##!/bin/sh ## $Xorg: xinitrc.cpp,v 1.3 2000/08/17 19:54:30 cpqbld Exp $ # ## /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc ## ## global xinitrc file, used by all X sessions started by xinit (startx) # ## invoke global X session script
. /etc/X11/Xsession 注意这一句“## global xinitrc file, used by all X sessions started by xinit (startx)”,这说明这个脚本只被xinit调用(即用户输入startx时)。而其执行的最后还是执行了/etc/X11/Xsession脚本。而用户如果用其它XWindow管理界面登录系统时这个脚本里的内容是不会被执行的。
最后再来看看/etc/X11/xdm/Xsession这个脚本吧,其原文内容如下:
#!/bin/sh # # $Xorg: Xsession,v 1.4 2000/08/17 19:54:17 cpqbld Exp $ # # # # # $XFree86: xc/programs/xdm/config/Xsession,v 1.3 2001/01/17 23:45:24 dawes Exp $