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最近看到一个面试题:手写HashMap,第一次写这个东西,觉得无从下手,上网copy了很多代码,复杂是复杂,就是有错,put进去的东西,并不能get出来,无奈之下自己写,以下是实现了简单的get()和put()方法,先上传,下次把扩容等功能补上。
写之前最好先理解一下原理,可以少走弯路,先新建16个桶即bucket(16是源码默认的,可以自定义),给桶分别标上1~16标号,put一个键值对之后,用key的hash值对16取余,结果肯定也是一个1~16范围内的数值,把这对键值对放到取余后的值对应的那个的桶里(注意,不可能为每一个hash值都创建一个桶,那样的话代价太大,这里只创建了16个桶,所以很有可能一个桶里放入多个键值对;如果偏巧那个桶里是空的,直接把key、value放进去ok的,如果桶不为空,就要一个一个比对桶里原有的key是否和现在要放进去的key是同一个(即hash值相同且equals为true),如果是同一个,那么就用新的value覆盖替换原来的value就行,如果遍历完了,没有一个相同的key,那么就放到所有key的最后面(据说jdk1.8之后是放在最前面,具体还没有研究到),这样有多个键值对的桶里就形成了一个链表结构,而多个桶之间是数组元素的关系,所以说hashmap就是数组+链表结构。
- public interface MyMap<K, V> {
-
- V put(K key, V value);
-
- V get(K key);
-
- interface Entry<K, V> {
- K getKey();
-
- V getValue();
- }
- }
- public class MyHashMap<K, V> implements MyMap<K, V> {
-
- private static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4;
- private static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
- private float loadFactor = 0;
- private int initCapacity = 0;
- private Entry<K, V>[] table = null;
-
- public MyHashMap() {
- this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;
- this.initCapacity = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
- table = new Entry[this.initCapacity];
- }
-
- public MyHashMap(int initCapacity, float loadFactor) {
- this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
- this.initCapacity = initCapacity;
- table = new Entry[this.initCapacity];
- }
-
- private int hash(K key) {
- int h;
- return (key == null) ? 0 : Math.abs((h = key.hashCode())) ^ (h >>> 16);
- }
-
- @Override
- public V put(K key, V value) {
- int index = hash(key) % initCapacity;
- if (table[index] != null) {
- Entry<K, V> e = table[index];
- Entry<K, V> e2 = null;
- while (e != null) {
- if (hash(e.key) == hash(key) && e.key.equals(key)) {
- e.value = value;
- return value;
- }
- e2 = e;
- e = e.next;
- }
- e2.next = new Entry<>(key, value, null, index);
- } else {
- Entry<K, V> e = new Entry<>(key, value, null, index);
- table[index] = e;
- }
- return value;
- }
-
- @Override
- public V get(K key) {
- int index = hash(key) % initCapacity;
- Entry<K, V> e = table[index];
- if (e == null) {
- return null;
- }
-
- while (e != null) {
- if (e.key == null && key == null ||
- hash(e.key) == hash(key) && e.key.equals(key)) {
- return e.value;
- }
- e = e.next;
- }
- return null;
- }
-
-
- class Entry<K, V> implements MyMap.Entry<K, V> {
-
- K key;
-
- V value;
-
- Entry<K, V> next;
-
- int index;//记录下标
-
- Entry(K k, V v, Entry<K, V> next, int inx) {
- this.key = k;
- this.value = v;
- this.index = inx;
- this.next = next;
- }
-
- public K getKey() {
- return key;
- }
-
- public V getValue() {
- return value;
- }
-
- public Entry getNext() {
- return next;
- }
- }
- }

- public class Test {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
-
- // Map<String, String> map = new HashMap();
- // map.put("name","sophia");
- // map.put("age", "18");
- // System.out.println(map.get("name"));
- // System.out.println(map.get("age"));
-
- MyMap<String, Object> map = new MyHashMap<>();
- map.put("name", "sophia");
- map.put("age", 18);
- map.put("hahaha", "hehehe");
- map.put("hehehe", "lalala");
- map.put(null, "lalala");
-
- System.out.println(map.get("name"));
- System.out.println(map.get("age"));
- System.out.println(map.get("hahaha"));
- System.out.println(map.get("hehehe"));
- System.out.println(map.get(null));
- }
- }

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