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在上篇文章中,我们已经将启动的进程推进到了ZygoteInit的main中,在ZygoteInit中我们已经知道它的main方法中的forkSystemServer方法将会启动系统服务,那么这篇文章里,我们将主要探讨SystemServer的处理过程。
那首先还是让我们回到ZygoteInit中,查看这个启动SystemServer的函数:
private static Runnable forkSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName, ZygoteServer zygoteServer) { long capabilities = posixCapabilitiesAsBits( OsConstants.CAP_IPC_LOCK, OsConstants.CAP_KILL, OsConstants.CAP_NET_ADMIN, OsConstants.CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, OsConstants.CAP_NET_BROADCAST, OsConstants.CAP_NET_RAW, OsConstants.CAP_SYS_MODULE, OsConstants.CAP_SYS_NICE, OsConstants.CAP_SYS_PTRACE, OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TIME, OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG, OsConstants.CAP_WAKE_ALARM, OsConstants.CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND ); /* Containers run without some capabilities, so drop any caps that are not available. */ StructCapUserHeader header = new StructCapUserHeader( OsConstants._LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0); StructCapUserData[] data; try { data = Os.capget(header); } catch (ErrnoException ex) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed to capget()", ex); } capabilities &= ((long) data[0].effective) | (((long) data[1].effective) << 32); /* Hardcoded command line to start the system server */ String[] args = { "--setuid=1000", "--setgid=1000", "--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1021,1023," + "1024,1032,1065,3001,3002,3003,3005,3006,3007,3009,3010,3011,3012", "--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities, "--nice-name=system_server", "--runtime-args", "--target-sdk-version=" + VMRuntime.SDK_VERSION_CUR_DEVELOPMENT, "com.android.server.SystemServer", }; ZygoteArguments parsedArgs; int pid; try { ZygoteCommandBuffer commandBuffer = new ZygoteCommandBuffer(args); try { parsedArgs = ZygoteArguments.getInstance(commandBuffer); } catch (EOFException e) { throw new AssertionError("Unexpected argument error for forking system server", e); } commandBuffer.close(); Zygote.applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs); Zygote.applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs); if (Zygote.nativeSupportsMemoryTagging()) { String mode = SystemProperties.get("arm64.memtag.process.system_server", ""); if (mode.isEmpty()) { /* The system server has ASYNC MTE by default, in order to allow * system services to specify their own MTE level later, as you * can't re-enable MTE once it's disabled. */ mode = SystemProperties.get("persist.arm64.memtag.default", "async"); } if (mode.equals("async")) { parsedArgs.mRuntimeFlags |= Zygote.MEMORY_TAG_LEVEL_ASYNC; } else if (mode.equals("sync")) { parsedArgs.mRuntimeFlags |= Zygote.MEMORY_TAG_LEVEL_SYNC; } else if (!mode.equals("off")) { /* When we have an invalid memory tag level, keep the current level. */ parsedArgs.mRuntimeFlags |= Zygote.nativeCurrentTaggingLevel(); Slog.e(TAG, "Unknown memory tag level for the system server: \"" + mode + "\""); } } else if (Zygote.nativeSupportsTaggedPointers()) { /* Enable pointer tagging in the system server. Hardware support for this is present * in all ARMv8 CPUs. */ parsedArgs.mRuntimeFlags |= Zygote.MEMORY_TAG_LEVEL_TBI; } /* Enable gwp-asan on the system server with a small probability. This is the same * policy as applied to native processes and system apps. */ parsedArgs.mRuntimeFlags |= Zygote.GWP_ASAN_LEVEL_LOTTERY; if (shouldProfileSystemServer()) { parsedArgs.mRuntimeFlags |= Zygote.PROFILE_SYSTEM_SERVER; } /* Request to fork the system server process */ pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer( parsedArgs.mUid, parsedArgs.mGid, parsedArgs.mGids, parsedArgs.mRuntimeFlags, null, parsedArgs.mPermittedCapabilities, parsedArgs.mEffectiveCapabilities); } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); } /* For child process */ if (pid == 0) { if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) { waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName); } zygoteServer.closeServerSocket(); return handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs); } return null; }
前面文章说到了Zygote进程是所有其他进程的孵化器,实际上就是说其他进程都是通过赋值Zygote进程来创建的,这个系统服务的进程也不例外,我们直接看最主要的一部分:
/* Request to fork the system server process */ pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer( parsedArgs.mUid, parsedArgs.mGid, parsedArgs.mGids, parsedArgs.mRuntimeFlags, null, parsedArgs.mPermittedCapabilities, parsedArgs.mEffectiveCapabilities); } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); } /* For child process */ if (pid == 0) { if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) { waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName); } zygoteServer.closeServerSocket(); return handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs); } return null;
第一行的pid就是Zygote进行进程复制后返回的新进程的id,当返回的pid为0时,说明运行在子进程中,在这里的语境中就是说当前运行在SystemServer进程中。既然是复制了zygote进程,那么就拥有其所有内容,前面说过zygote进程有它自己的socket,但是在SystemServer中这没有作用,所以如果是运行在SystemServer中,就将这个socket给关闭,然后调用handleSystemServerProcess函数来处理系统服务进程。显然,我们接下来就要看这个方法了。
handleSystemServerProcess:
private static Runnable handleSystemServerProcess(ZygoteArguments parsedArgs) { // set umask to 0077 so new files and directories will default to owner-only permissions. Os.umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO); if (parsedArgs.mNiceName != null) { Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.mNiceName); } final String systemServerClasspath = Os.getenv("SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH"); if (systemServerClasspath != null) { // Capturing profiles is only supported for debug or eng builds since selinux normally // prevents it. if (shouldProfileSystemServer() && (Build.IS_USERDEBUG || Build.IS_ENG)) { try { Log.d(TAG, "Preparing system server profile"); prepareSystemServerProfile(systemServerClasspath); } catch (Exception e) { Log.wtf(TAG, "Failed to set up system server profile", e); } } } if (parsedArgs.mInvokeWith != null) { String[] args = parsedArgs.mRemainingArgs; // If we have a non-null system server class path, we'll have to duplicate the // existing arguments and append the classpath to it. ART will handle the classpath // correctly when we exec a new process. if (systemServerClasspath != null) { String[] amendedArgs = new String[args.length + 2]; amendedArgs[0] = "-cp"; amendedArgs[1] = systemServerClasspath; System.arraycopy(args, 0, amendedArgs, 2, args.length); args = amendedArgs; } WrapperInit.execApplication(parsedArgs.mInvokeWith, parsedArgs.mNiceName, parsedArgs.mTargetSdkVersion, VMRuntime.getCurrentInstructionSet(), null, args); throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected return from WrapperInit.execApplication"); } else { ClassLoader cl = getOrCreateSystemServerClassLoader(); if (cl != null) { Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl); } /* * Pass the remaining arguments to SystemServer. */ return ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.mTargetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.mDisabledCompatChanges, parsedArgs.mRemainingArgs, cl); } /* should never reach here */ }
这个方法的其他部分我们都不看,只看这最后一个方法ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(),接着进入这个zygoteInit方法:
public static Runnable zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, long[] disabledCompatChanges,
String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) {
if (RuntimeInit.DEBUG) {
Slog.d(RuntimeInit.TAG, "RuntimeInit: Starting application from zygote");
}
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "ZygoteInit");
RuntimeInit.redirectLogStreams();
RuntimeInit.commonInit();
ZygoteInit.nativeZygoteInit();//1
return RuntimeInit.applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, disabledCompatChanges, argv,
classLoader);//2
}
这次的方法就比较简短了,不过里面的内容还是比较重要的,上文注释一处的ZygoteInit.nativeZygoteInit()方法将会启动Binder线程池,注释二处的方法则是用于进入SystemServer的main方法的。Binder的内容我们在进程间通信的内容中有所提及。
接下来可以详细看一下这两处注释的分析。
我们先看注释一处的方法,由于是native方法,我们还是到frameworks中查找,可以找到这个方法:
static void com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
}
这里的方法又指向了onZygoteInit方法,我们进入frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp可以看到这个方法:
virtual void onZygoteInit()
{
sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
ALOGV("App process: starting thread pool.\n");
proc->startThreadPool();
}
可以看到,这个方法最终会调用startThreadPool来启动线程池,具体启动的就是Binder线程池。
接下来看第二处的注释,这里是调用到了RuntimeInit的applicationInit方法,我们来看这个方法:
protected static Runnable applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, long[] disabledCompatChanges,
String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) {
nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(true);
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetSdkVersion(targetSdkVersion);
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setDisabledCompatChanges(disabledCompatChanges);
final Arguments args = new Arguments(argv);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
return findStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);//1
}
这里主要看最后一行的方法,我们可以看它的注解:
Invokes a static "main(argv[]) method on class “className”. Converts various failing exceptions into RuntimeExceptions, with the assumption that they will then cause the VM instance to exit.
翻译过来就是说这个方法将会调用名为className类的main方法,实际上就是传入的args.startClass的main方法,让我们继续点开这个findStaticMain方法:
protected static Runnable findStaticMain(String className, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) { Class<?> cl; try { cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);//1 } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { throw new RuntimeException( "Missing class when invoking static main " + className, ex); } Method m; try { m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });//2 } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) { throw new RuntimeException( "Missing static main on " + className, ex); } catch (SecurityException ex) { throw new RuntimeException( "Problem getting static main on " + className, ex); } int modifiers = m.getModifiers(); if (! (Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) && Modifier.isPublic(modifiers))) { throw new RuntimeException( "Main method is not public and static on " + className); } return new MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);//3 }
我们从上到下看这个函数,在注释一处通过反射查找到了具体的类,接着再注释二处又通过反射查找到了这个类的main方法,最后在注释三处返回了调用MethodAndArgsCaller的结果,这个方法是一个构造方法,MethodAndArgsCaller方法做的就是创建了一个RuntimeInit类的内部类,这个类也是一个实现了Runnable的类:
static class MethodAndArgsCaller implements Runnable { /** method to call */ private final Method mMethod; /** argument array */ private final String[] mArgs; public MethodAndArgsCaller(Method method, String[] args) { mMethod = method; mArgs = args; } public void run() { try { mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs }); } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) { Throwable cause = ex.getCause(); if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) { throw (RuntimeException) cause; } else if (cause instanceof Error) { throw (Error) cause; } throw new RuntimeException(ex); } } }
实际上最后返回回去就是返回到了ZygoteInit类的main方法中:
if (startSystemServer) {
Runnable r = forkSystemServer(abiList, zygoteSocketName, zygoteServer);
// {@code r == null} in the parent (zygote) process, and {@code r != null} in the
// child (system_server) process.
if (r != null) {
r.run();
return;
}
}
这个里面的r就是返回的MethodAndArgsCaller,最终会调用它的run方法:
public void run() {
try {
mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs });
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) cause;
} else if (cause instanceof Error) {
throw (Error) cause;
}
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
}
实际上也就是调用到了SystemServer类的main方法:
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SystemServer().run();
}
这个main方法做的就是新建了一个SystemServer的实例然后调用了它的run方法,这个run方法里就会做一系列工作,我们来截取部分重要的代码:
private void run() { ..... android.os.Process.setThreadPriority( android.os.Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND); android.os.Process.setCanSelfBackground(false); Looper.prepareMainLooper();//1------------1 Looper.getMainLooper().setSlowLogThresholdMs( SLOW_DISPATCH_THRESHOLD_MS, SLOW_DELIVERY_THRESHOLD_MS); SystemServiceRegistry.sEnableServiceNotFoundWtf = true; System.loadLibrary("android_servers");//2----------------2 initZygoteChildHeapProfiling(); if (Build.IS_DEBUGGABLE) { spawnFdLeakCheckThread(); } performPendingShutdown(); createSystemContext();//3------------------3 ActivityThread.initializeMainlineModules(); ServiceManager.addService("system_server_dumper", mDumper); mDumper.addDumpable(this); mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);//4-----------------4 mSystemServiceManager.setStartInfo(mRuntimeRestart, mRuntimeStartElapsedTime, mRuntimeStartUptime); mDumper.addDumpable(mSystemServiceManager); LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager); SystemServerInitThreadPool tp = SystemServerInitThreadPool.start(); mDumper.addDumpable(tp); if (Typeface.ENABLE_LAZY_TYPEFACE_INITIALIZATION) { Typeface.loadPreinstalledSystemFontMap(); } if (Build.IS_DEBUGGABLE) { String jvmtiAgent = SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.dalvik.jvmtiagent"); if (!jvmtiAgent.isEmpty()) { int equalIndex = jvmtiAgent.indexOf('='); String libraryPath = jvmtiAgent.substring(0, equalIndex); String parameterList = jvmtiAgent.substring(equalIndex + 1, jvmtiAgent.length()); try { Debug.attachJvmtiAgent(libraryPath, parameterList, null); } catch (Exception e) { Slog.e("System", "*************************************************"); Slog.e("System", "********** Failed to load jvmti plugin: " + jvmtiAgent); } } } } finally { t.traceEnd(); } RuntimeInit.setDefaultApplicationWtfHandler(SystemServer::handleEarlySystemWtf); try { t.traceBegin("StartServices"); startBootstrapServices(t);//5---------------5 startCoreServices(t);//6------------------6 startOtherServices(t);//7----------------7 startApexServices(t);//8----------------8 } catch (Throwable ex) { Slog.e("System", "******************************************"); Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex); throw ex; } finally { t.traceEnd(); } ..... }
这里为了简洁还是只截取一些相对重要的部分:
注释一处,调用了Looper.prepareMainLooper()方法,这个方法是用于准备主线程的消息循环器。具体来说,Looper.prepareMainLooper() 做了以下几件事情:
通过调用 Looper.prepareMainLooper(),主线程就准备好接收和处理消息了。在之后的代码中,可以使用 Looper.getMainLooper() 方法获取主线程的消息循环器,进而创建处理器(Handler)对象并将其绑定到主线程的消息循环器上,以实现消息的处理和线程间通信。
注释二处加载了名为android_servers的动态库。
注释三处创建了系统的Context上下文,然后紧接着在注释四处用这个上下文对象创建出了一个SystemServerManager对象,很显然这个对象是用来管理系统服务的。
注释五到注释八处分别启动了四种类型的服务,分别是引导服务,核心服务,其他服务和APEX服务。可以看出官方把这些服务分为了四种类型,其中其他服务是一些非紧要和不需要立即启动的服务。所有的系统服务大概有一百多个,可以通过查表看他们的具体意义:
引导服务 | 作用 |
---|---|
Installer | 系统安装APK时的一个服务类,启动完成Installer服务之后才能启动其他的系统服务 |
ActivityManagerService | 负责四大组件的启动,切换,调度 |
PowerManagerService | 计算系统中和Power相关的计算,然后决策系统应该如何反应 |
LightService | 管理和显示背光LED |
DisplayManagerService | 用来管理所有显示设备 |
UserManagerService | 多用户模式管理 |
SenorService | 为系统提供各种感应器服务 |
PackageManagerService | 用来对APK进行安装,解析,删除,卸载等操作 |
… | … |
系统服务的启动逻辑都差不多,主要是通过SystemServiceManager来启动的,我们查看这个SystemServiceManager的startService方法:
public void startService(@NonNull final SystemService service) { // Check if already started String className = service.getClass().getName(); if (mServiceClassnames.contains(className)) { Slog.i(TAG, "Not starting an already started service " + className); return; } mServiceClassnames.add(className); // Register it. mServices.add(service); // Start it. long time = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(); try { service.onStart(); } catch (RuntimeException ex) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed to start service " + service.getClass().getName() + ": onStart threw an exception", ex); } warnIfTooLong(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - time, service, "onStart"); }
实际上就是做了两步,先把要启动的service添加进入mServices的list中,这一步也就是完成注册,然后调用它的onStart回调方法就实现了启动;除此之外,还可以通过各种服务的main方法启动,以PackageManagerService为例,它的main方法就会先创建一个PackageManagerService,然后将其添加进入ServiceManager中,这样也能实现服务的启动。
ServiceManager用来管理系统中的各种Service,用于系统C/S架构中的Binder通信机制;Client端要使用某个Service时,就需要先到ServiceManager查询Service的相关信息,然后根据Service的相关信息与Service所在的Service进程建立通信通路,然后Client端就可以使用Service了。
总的来说,这个启动系统服务的过程还是在ZygoteInit类的main方法中调用的,具体是调用了forkSystemServer方法。SystemServer进程被创建后,主要做了以下事情:
下面是一张我总结的流程图:
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