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作者:zzssdd2
E-mail:zzssdd2@foxmail.com
开发环境:Qt5.12.10 + MinGW
功能
知识点
QFile
类的使用QTimer
类的使用QPushButton
、QProgressBar
控件的使用本章功能主要包含两个方面,一是通过串口发送选定的文本文件,二是将接收的数据保存为本地文本文件。最后还有对《QT串口助手(三):数据接收》章节内容进行一个补充扩展。
当选择文件
按钮点击后,触发点击信号对应的槽函数,在槽函数中进行文件的打开与读取:
/*选择并打开文件*/ QString curPath = QDir::currentPath(); //系统当前目录 QString dlgTitle = "打开文件"; //对话框标题 QString filter = "文本文件(*.txt);;二进制文件(*.bin *.dat);;所有文件(*.*)"; //文件过滤器 QString filepath = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this,dlgTitle,curPath,filter); QFileInfo fileinfo(filepath); if (filepath.isEmpty()) { QMessageBox::warning(this,"警告","文件为空"); return; } //文件路径显示到发送框 ui->Send_TextEdit->clear(); ui->Send_TextEdit->appendPlainText(filepath); QFile file(filepath); if (!file.exists()) { QMessageBox::warning(this,"警告","文件不存在"); return; } if (!file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) { QMessageBox::warning(this,"警告","文件打开失败"); return; }
因为应用程序默认使用的编码为UTF-8,如果打开GBK格式编码的文件就会乱码,所以需要判断文件的编码,如果不是UTF-8则需要对文件进行编码转换。
/* 设置应用程序的编码解码器 */
QTextCodec *codec = QTextCodec::codecForName("UTF-8");
QTextCodec::setCodecForLocale(codec);
[static] QTextCodec *QTextCodec::codecForName(const char *name)
Searches all installed QTextCodec objects and returns the one which best matches name; the match is case-insensitive. Returns 0 if no codec matching the name name could be found.
[static] void QTextCodec::setCodecForLocale(QTextCodec *c)
Set the codec to c; this will be returned by codecForLocale(). If c is a null pointer, the codec is reset to the default.
This might be needed for some applications that want to use their own mechanism for setting the locale.
Warning: This function is not reentrant.
/* 判断编码 */
QTextCodec::ConverterState state;
QTextCodec *codec = QTextCodec::codecForName("UTF-8");
FileText = codec->toUnicode(data.constData(),data.size(),&state);
//若有无效字符则是GBK编码
if (state.invalidChars > 0)
{
//转码后返回
FileText = QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK")->toUnicode(data);
}
else
{
FileText = data;
}
对文件进行上述的处理后,如果是GBK编码则也能够正确的读取了。
QString QTextCodec::toUnicode(const char *input, int size, QTextCodec::ConverterState *state = nullptr) const
Converts the first size characters from the input from the encoding of this codec to Unicode, and returns the result in a QString.
The state of the convertor used is updated.
QString QTextCodec::toUnicode(const QByteArray &a) const
Converts a from the encoding of this codec to Unicode, and returns the result in a QString.
文件打开后,需要对文件类型进行判断,然后进行文件数据的读取:
/*判断文件类型*/
int type = 0;
QMimeDatabase db;
QMimeType mime = db.mimeTypeForFile(filepath);
if (mime.name().startsWith("text/"))
{
type = 1; //文本文件
}
else if (mime.name().startsWith("application/"))
{
type = 2; //二进制文件
}
QMimeType QMimeDatabase::mimeTypeForFile(const QString&fileName, QMimeDatabase::MatchMode mode = MatchDefault) const
Returns a MIME type for the file named fileName using mode.
This is an overloaded function.
QMimeType 类描述文件或数据的类型,由 MIME 类型字符串表示,获取到文件类型后接下来就知道应该使用什么方法读取文件内容了。常见文件类型如下:
描述(startsWith) 类型 示例 text 普通文本 text/plain, text/html, text/css, text/javascript image 图像文件(包含动态gif) image/gif, image/png, image/jpeg, image/bmp, image/webp audio 音频文件 audio/wav, audio/mpeg, audio/midi, audio/webm, audio/ogg video 视频文件 video/mp4, video/x-flv, video/webm, video/ogg application 二进制数据 application/xml, application/pdf
/*读取文件*/ switch(type) { case 1: { //QIODevice读取普通文本 QByteArray data = file.readAll(); file.close(); if (data.isEmpty()) { QMessageBox::information(this, "提示", "文件内容空"); return; } /* 判断编码 */ } break; case 2: { int filelen = fileinfo.size(); QVector<char> cBuf(filelen);//储存读出数据 //使用QDataStream读取二进制文件 QDataStream datain(&file); datain.readRawData(&cBuf[0],filelen); file.close(); //char数组转QString FileText = QString::fromLocal8Bit(&cBuf[0],filelen); } break; }
QByteArray QIODevice::readAll()
Reads all remaining data from the device, and returns it as a byte array.
This function has no way of reporting errors; returning an empty QByteArray can mean either that no data was currently available for reading, or that an error occurred.
int QDataStream::readRawData(char *s, int len)
Reads at most len bytes from the stream into s and returns the number of bytes read. If an error occurs, this function returns -1.
The buffer s must be preallocated. The data is not decoded.
关于QVector:QVector类是一个提供动态数组的模板类。QVector是Qt的通用容器类之一,它将其项存储在相邻的内存位置并提供基于索引的快速访问。例如上面代码定义了一个大小为filelen的char类型的数组用来储存读取的二进制数据(相对与普通数组而言,QVector数组项可以动态增加,能够避免访问越界等问题)。
QT中使用QTextStream或QIODevice类读写普通文本文件,使用QDataStream类读写二进制文本文件
最后将读取到的文件大小信息和内容显示到接收框并标记有待发送文件:
//显示文件大小信息 QString info = QString("%1%2").arg("文件大小为:").arg(FileText.length()); ui->Receive_TextEdit->clear(); ui->Receive_TextEdit->append(info); //显示文件内容 if (ui->HexDisp_checkBox->isChecked()) { ui->Receive_TextEdit->setPlainText(FileText.toUtf8().toHex(' ').toUpper()); } else { ui->Receive_TextEdit->setPlainText(FileText); } //设置显示焦点在最顶部 ui->Receive_TextEdit->moveCursor(QTextCursor::Start,QTextCursor::MoveAnchor); /*标记有文件发送*/ isSendFile = true; FrameCount = 0; ProgressBarValue = 0;
此时在标记了有文件发送的情况下,点击发送按钮则是发送文件:
/* 函 数:on_Send_Bt_clicked 描 述:发送按键点击信号槽 输 入:无 输 出:无 */ void Widget::on_Send_Bt_clicked() { if (isSerialOpen != false) { if (isSendFile) //发送文件数据 { if (ui->Send_Bt->text() == "发送") { ui->Send_Bt->setText("停止"); SendFile(); } else { ui->Send_Bt->setText("发送"); FileSendTimer->stop(); } } else //发送发送框数据 { SerialSendData(SendTextEditBa); } } else { QMessageBox::information(this, "提示", "串口未打开"); } } /* 函 数:SendData 描 述:定时器发送文件 输 入:无 输 出:无 */ void Widget::SendFile(void) { /*按设置参数发送*/ FrameLen = ui->PackLen_lineEdit->text().toInt(); // 帧大小 FrameGap = ui->GapTim_lineEdit->text().toInt(); // 帧间隔 int textlen = Widget::FileText.size(); // 文件大小 if (FrameGap <= 0 || textlen <= FrameLen) { //时间间隔为0 或 帧大小≥文件大小 则直接一次发送 serial->write(FileText.toUtf8()); ui->Send_Bt->setText("发送"); } else { //按设定时间和长度发送 FrameNumber = textlen / FrameLen; // 包数量 LastFrameLen = textlen % FrameLen; // 最后一包数据长度 //进度条步进值 if (FrameNumber >= 100) { ProgressBarStep = FrameNumber / 100; } else { ProgressBarStep = 100 / FrameNumber; } //设置定时器 FileSendTimer->start(FrameGap); } }
设置一个定时器,将文件按照设定的帧大小
和帧间隔
来发送:
/*文件帧发送定时器信号槽*/ FileSendTimer = new QTimer(this); connect(FileSendTimer,SIGNAL(timeout()),this,SLOT(File_TimerSend())); /* 函 数:File_TimerSend 描 述:发送文件定时器槽函数 输 入:无 输 出:无 */ void Widget::File_TimerSend(void) { if (FrameCount < FrameNumber) { serial->write(FileText.mid(FrameCount * FrameLen, FrameLen).toUtf8()); FrameCount++; //更新进度条 ui->progressBar->setValue(ProgressBarValue += ProgressBarStep); } else { if (LastFrameLen > 0) { serial->write(FileText.mid(FrameCount * FrameLen, LastFrameLen).toUtf8()); ui->progressBar->setValue(100); } /*发送完毕*/ FileSendTimer->stop(); FrameCount = 0; ProgressBarValue = 0; FrameNumber = 0; LastFrameLen = 0; QMessageBox::information(this, "提示", "发送完成"); ui->progressBar->setValue(0); ui->Send_Bt->setText("发送"); } }
QString QString::mid(int position, int n = -1) const
Returns a string that contains n characters of this string, starting at the specified position index.
Returns a null string if the position index exceeds the length of the string. If there are less than n characters available in the string starting at the given position, or if n is -1 (default), the function returns all characters that are available from the specified position.
Example:
QString x = "Nine pineapples"; QString y = x.mid(5, 4); // y == "pine" QString z = x.mid(5); // z == "pineapples"
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当保存数据
按钮按下时,将接收框数据按文本方式进行保存:
/* 函 数:on_SaveData_Button_clicked 描 述:保存数据按钮点击槽函数 输 入:无 输 出:无 */ void Widget::on_SaveData_Button_clicked() { QString data = ui->Receive_TextEdit->toPlainText(); if (data.isEmpty()) { QMessageBox::information(this, "提示", "数据内容空"); return; } QString curPath = QDir::currentPath(); //获取系统当前目录 QString dlgTitle = "保存文件"; //对话框标题 QString filter = "文本文件(*.txt);;所有文件(*.*)"; //文件过滤器 QString filename = QFileDialog::getSaveFileName(this,dlgTitle,curPath,filter); if (filename.isEmpty()) { return; } QFile file(filename); if (!file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly)) { return; } /*保存文件*/ QTextStream stream(&file); stream << data; file.close(); }
QTextStream::QTextStream(FILE *fileHandle, QIODevice::OpenModeopenMode = QIODevice::ReadWrite)
Constructs a QTextStream that operates on fileHandle, using openMode to define the open mode. Internally, a QFile is created to handle the FILE pointer.
This constructor is useful for working directly with the common FILE based input and output streams: stdin, stdout and stderr. Example:
QString str; QTextStream in(stdin); in >> str;
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这里对接收模块的功能进行一个补充。上面说了应用程序默认编码是UTF-8
,那么如果在ascii显示模式下收到的数据是GBK
格式的编码就会造成显示乱码,所以需要对接收数据进行编码判断,如果是GBK编码则进行转换显示。
/* 函 数:SerialPortReadyRead_slot 描 述:readyRead()信号对应的数据接收槽函数 输 入:无 输 出:无 */ void Widget::SerialPortReadyRead_slot() { /*读取串口收到的数据*/ QByteArray bytedata = serial->readAll(); //......省略 if(ui->HexDisp_checkBox->isChecked() == false) //ascii显示 { /* 判断编码 */ QTextCodec::ConverterState state; //调用utf8转unicode的方式转码,获取转换结果 QString asciidata = QTextCodec::codecForName("UTF-8")->toUnicode(bytedata.constData(),bytedata.size(),&state); //存在无效字符则是GBK,转码后返回 if (state.invalidChars > 0) { asciidata = QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK")->toUnicode(bytedata); } else { asciidata = QString(bytedata); } //......省略 } //......省略 }
本章主要讲解对文件的操作。除了需要了解在QT中对文件类的常用操作之外,个人认为还有比较重要的两个知识点:1是文本编码的判断和转码处理,2是对于二进制文本的读取。
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