Selenium库原代码WebDriver及WebElement方法属性总结_selenium webdriver类

简单示例：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
 
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
 
try:
    driver.get("https://www.hao123.com/")
    # print('*****driver_type',type(driver)) # driver_type <class 'selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver'>
    input_elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, "input")
    for input_element in input_elements:
        print(input_element.get_attribute("outerHTML"))
    search_input = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'input[data-hook="searchInput"]')
    # print('*****search_input_type',type(search_input)) # search_input_type <class 'selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement'>
    search_input.send_keys("Selenium库")
    search_button = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'input[data-hook="searchSubmit"]')
    search_button.click()
    handles = driver.window_handles
    print(type(handles))
    if len(handles) > 1:
        driver.switch_to.window(handles[1])
    # Wait for the search results to load completely
    WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'div[id="content_left"]')))
finally:
    driver.quit()
 
# In this updated version, we added the following imports:
# from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
# from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
# We then added a WebDriverWait statement to wait for the presence of a specific element in the search results page:
# WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'div[class="search-list-item"]')))
# This statement waits for up to 10 seconds for an element with the CSS selector 'div[class="search-list-item"]' to appear on the page. 
# Once the element appears, the script continues to execute.
 
# Note that you may need to adjust the CSS selector or the wait time to suit your specific needs.
# (By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'div[id="content_left"]')， 

------------
Selenium 的 WebDriver 实现的源代码提供了以下基本操作和功能：
初始化浏览器会话：通过实例化 WebDriver 对象，可以初始化一个特定的浏览器会话，如Chrome、Firefox等。
执行 JavaScript：可以通过 WebDriver.execute_script() 方法执行 JavaScript 代码，实现对页面的动态操作或数据获取。
窗口管理：WebDriver 可以管理浏览器窗口，包括最大化窗口、最小化窗口、设置窗口大小等功能。
元素定位：使用 WebDriver 提供的方法，如定位元素的 find_element 和 find_elements 等，可以定位页面上的元素，进行操作或获取元素信息。
截图：WebDriver 可以对当前页面进行截图，并保存为图片文件，方便后续分析或记录。
下载文件：通过 WebDriver 控制浏览器下载文件，并保存到指定的目录中。
以上是 Selenium WebDriver 实现的源代码提供的一些基本操作和功能，这些功能可以帮助用户进行自动化测试、网页操作或数据采集等任务。
selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver 类是 Selenium WebDriver 中用于操作 Chrome 浏览器的主要类之一，它继承自 selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.WebDriver 类。这个类提供了丰富的方法和属性，用于实现对 Chrome 浏览器的控制和页面操作。

常用方法：

1. get(url) - 打开指定的网址
2. find_element(by=, value=) - 根据指定条件查找单个元素
3. find_elements(by=, value=) - 根据指定条件查找多个元素
4. execute_script(script, *args) - 在当前页面执行 JavaScript 代码
5. close() - 关闭当前窗口
6. quit() - 退出浏览器驱动并关闭所有窗口
7. maximize_window() - 最大化浏览器窗口
8. set_window_size(width, height) - 设置浏览器窗口大小
9. save_screenshot(filename) - 保存当前页面的截图到指定文件
10. switch_to.frame(frame_reference) - 切换到指定的 iframe
11. switch_to.default_content() - 切回到默认的内容上下文
12. switch_to.window(window_name) - 切换到指定窗口
13. back() - 在浏览器中执行回退操作
14. forward() - 在浏览器中执行前进操作
15. refresh() - 刷新当前页面

常用属性：

current_url: 当前页面的 URL。
title: 当前页面的标题。
page_source: 当前页面的源代码。
window_handles: 当前浏览器窗口的句柄列表。
current_window_handle: 当前窗口的句柄。
capabilities: 浏览器的配置信息和能力。
name: 浏览器实例的名称。
session_id: 浏览器会话的 ID。
desired_capabilities: 期望的浏览器配置信息。

通过这些常用方法和属性，您可以更好地利用 selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver 类来控制 Chrome 浏览器进行自动化测试、网页操作等各种任务。

 
"""The WebDriver implementation."""
import base64
import contextlib
import copy
import os
import pkgutil
import types
import typing
import warnings
import zipfile
from abc import ABCMeta
from base64 import b64decode
from base64 import urlsafe_b64encode
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
from contextlib import contextmanager
from importlib import import_module
from typing import Dict
from typing import List
from typing import Optional
from typing import Union
 
from selenium.common.exceptions import InvalidArgumentException
from selenium.common.exceptions import JavascriptException
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchCookieException
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.options import BaseOptions
from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions
from selenium.webdriver.common.timeouts import Timeouts
from selenium.webdriver.common.virtual_authenticator import Credential
from selenium.webdriver.common.virtual_authenticator import VirtualAuthenticatorOptions
from selenium.webdriver.common.virtual_authenticator import (
    required_virtual_authenticator,
)
from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import RelativeBy
 
from .bidi_connection import BidiConnection
from .command import Command
from .errorhandler import ErrorHandler
from .file_detector import FileDetector
from .file_detector import LocalFileDetector
from .mobile import Mobile
from .remote_connection import RemoteConnection
from .script_key import ScriptKey
from .shadowroot import ShadowRoot
from .switch_to import SwitchTo
from .webelement import WebElement
 
cdp = None
 
 
def import_cdp():
    global cdp
    if not cdp:
        cdp = import_module("selenium.webdriver.common.bidi.cdp")
 
 
def _create_caps(caps):
    """Makes a W3C alwaysMatch capabilities object.
    Filters out capability names that are not in the W3C spec. Spec-compliant
    drivers will reject requests containing unknown capability names.
    Moves the Firefox profile, if present, from the old location to the new Firefox
    options object.
    :Args:
     - caps - A dictionary of capabilities requested by the caller.
    """
    caps = copy.deepcopy(caps)
    always_match = {}
    for k, v in caps.items():
        always_match[k] = v
    return {"capabilities": {"firstMatch": [{}], "alwaysMatch": always_match}}
 
 
def get_remote_connection(capabilities, command_executor, keep_alive, ignore_local_proxy=False):
    from selenium.webdriver.chrome.remote_connection import ChromeRemoteConnection
    from selenium.webdriver.edge.remote_connection import EdgeRemoteConnection
    from selenium.webdriver.firefox.remote_connection import FirefoxRemoteConnection
    from selenium.webdriver.safari.remote_connection import SafariRemoteConnection
 
    candidates = [ChromeRemoteConnection, EdgeRemoteConnection, SafariRemoteConnection, FirefoxRemoteConnection]
    handler = next((c for c in candidates if c.browser_name == capabilities.get("browserName")), RemoteConnection)
 
    return handler(command_executor, keep_alive=keep_alive, ignore_proxy=ignore_local_proxy)
 
 
def create_matches(options: List[BaseOptions]) -> Dict:
    capabilities = {"capabilities": {}}
    opts = []
    for opt in options:
        opts.append(opt.to_capabilities())
    opts_size = len(opts)
    samesies = {}
 
    # Can not use bitwise operations on the dicts or lists due to
    # https://bugs.python.org/issue38210
    for i in range(opts_size):
        min_index = i
        if i + 1 < opts_size:
            first_keys = opts[min_index].keys()
 
            for kys in first_keys:
                if kys in opts[i + 1].keys():
                    if opts[min_index][kys] == opts[i + 1][kys]:
                        samesies.update({kys: opts[min_index][kys]})
 
    always = {}
    for k, v in samesies.items():
        always[k] = v
 
    for i in opts:
        for k in always:
            del i[k]
 
    capabilities["capabilities"]["alwaysMatch"] = always
    capabilities["capabilities"]["firstMatch"] = opts
 
    return capabilities
 
 
class BaseWebDriver(metaclass=ABCMeta):
    """Abstract Base Class for all Webdriver subtypes.
    ABC's allow custom implementations of Webdriver to be registered so
    that isinstance type checks will succeed.
    """
 
 
class WebDriver(BaseWebDriver):
    """Controls a browser by sending commands to a remote server. This server
    is expected to be running the WebDriver wire protocol as defined at
    https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/json_wire_protocol/.
    :Attributes:
     - session_id - String ID of the browser session started and controlled by this WebDriver.
     - capabilities - Dictionary of effective capabilities of this browser session as returned
         by the remote server. See https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/desired_capabilities/
     - command_executor - remote_connection.RemoteConnection object used to execute commands.
     - error_handler - errorhandler.ErrorHandler object used to handle errors.
    """
 
    _web_element_cls = WebElement
    _shadowroot_cls = ShadowRoot
 
    def __init__(
        self,
        command_executor="http://127.0.0.1:4444",
        keep_alive=True,
        file_detector=None,
        options: Union[BaseOptions, List[BaseOptions]] = None,
    ) -> None:
        """Create a new driver that will issue commands using the wire
        protocol.
        :Args:
         - command_executor - Either a string representing URL of the remote server or a custom
             remote_connection.RemoteConnection object. Defaults to 'http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub'.
         - keep_alive - Whether to configure remote_connection.RemoteConnection to use
             HTTP keep-alive. Defaults to True.
         - file_detector - Pass custom file detector object during instantiation. If None,
             then default LocalFileDetector() will be used.
         - options - instance of a driver options.Options class
        """
 
        if isinstance(options, list):
            capabilities = create_matches(options)
            _ignore_local_proxy = False
        else:
            capabilities = options.to_capabilities()
            _ignore_local_proxy = options._ignore_local_proxy
        self.command_executor = command_executor
        if isinstance(self.command_executor, (str, bytes)):
            self.command_executor = get_remote_connection(
                capabilities,
                command_executor=command_executor,
                keep_alive=keep_alive,
                ignore_local_proxy=_ignore_local_proxy,
            )
        self._is_remote = True
        self.session_id = None
        self.caps = {}
        self.pinned_scripts = {}
        self.error_handler = ErrorHandler()
        self._switch_to = SwitchTo(self)
        self._mobile = Mobile(self)
        self.file_detector = file_detector or LocalFileDetector()
        self._authenticator_id = None
        self.start_client()
        self.start_session(capabilities)
 
    def __repr__(self):
        return f'<{type(self).__module__}.{type(self).__name__} (session="{self.session_id}")>'
 
    def __enter__(self):
        return self
 
    def __exit__(
        self,
        exc_type: typing.Optional[typing.Type[BaseException]],
        exc: typing.Optional[BaseException],
        traceback: typing.Optional[types.TracebackType],
    ):
        self.quit()
 
    @contextmanager
    def file_detector_context(self, file_detector_class, *args, **kwargs):
        """Overrides the current file detector (if necessary) in limited
        context. Ensures the original file detector is set afterwards.
        Example::
            with webdriver.file_detector_context(UselessFileDetector):
                someinput.send_keys('/etc/hosts')
        :Args:
         - file_detector_class - Class of the desired file detector. If the class is different
             from the current file_detector, then the class is instantiated with args and kwargs
             and used as a file detector during the duration of the context manager.
         - args - Optional arguments that get passed to the file detector class during
             instantiation.
         - kwargs - Keyword arguments, passed the same way as args.
        """
        last_detector = None
        if not isinstance(self.file_detector, file_detector_class):
            last_detector = self.file_detector
            self.file_detector = file_detector_class(*args, **kwargs)
        try:
            yield
        finally:
            if last_detector:
                self.file_detector = last_detector
 
    @property
    def mobile(self) -> Mobile:
        return self._mobile
 
    @property
    def name(self) -> str:
        """Returns the name of the underlying browser for this instance.
        :Usage:
            ::
                name = driver.name
        """
        if "browserName" in self.caps:
            return self.caps["browserName"]
        raise KeyError("browserName not specified in session capabilities")
 
    def start_client(self):
        """Called before starting a new session.
        This method may be overridden to define custom startup behavior.
        """
        pass
 
    def stop_client(self):
        """Called after executing a quit command.
        This method may be overridden to define custom shutdown
        behavior.
        """
        pass
 
    def start_session(self, capabilities: dict) -> None:
        """Creates a new session with the desired capabilities.
        :Args:
         - capabilities - a capabilities dict to start the session with.
        """
 
        caps = _create_caps(capabilities)
        response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, caps)["value"]
        self.session_id = response.get("sessionId")
        self.caps = response.get("capabilities")
 
    def _wrap_value(self, value):
        if isinstance(value, dict):
            converted = {}
            for key, val in value.items():
                converted[key] = self._wrap_value(val)
            return converted
        if isinstance(value, self._web_element_cls):
            return {"element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf": value.id}
        if isinstance(value, self._shadowroot_cls):
            return {"shadow-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf": value.id}
        if isinstance(value, list):
            return list(self._wrap_value(item) for item in value)
        return value
 
    def create_web_element(self, element_id: str) -> WebElement:
        """Creates a web element with the specified `element_id`."""
        return self._web_element_cls(self, element_id)
 
    def _unwrap_value(self, value):
        if isinstance(value, dict):
            if "element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf" in value:
                return self.create_web_element(value["element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf"])
            if "shadow-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf" in value:
                return self._shadowroot_cls(self, value["shadow-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf"])
            for key, val in value.items():
                value[key] = self._unwrap_value(val)
            return value
        if isinstance(value, list):
            return list(self._unwrap_value(item) for item in value)
        return value
 
    def execute(self, driver_command: str, params: dict = None) -> dict:
        """Sends a command to be executed by a command.CommandExecutor.
        :Args:
         - driver_command: The name of the command to execute as a string.
         - params: A dictionary of named parameters to send with the command.
        :Returns:
          The command's JSON response loaded into a dictionary object.
        """
        params = self._wrap_value(params)
 
        if self.session_id:
            if not params:
                params = {"sessionId": self.session_id}
            elif "sessionId" not in params:
                params["sessionId"] = self.session_id
 
        response = self.command_executor.execute(driver_command, params)
        if response:
            self.error_handler.check_response(response)
            response["value"] = self._unwrap_value(response.get("value", None))
            return response
        # If the server doesn't send a response, assume the command was
        # a success
        return {"success": 0, "value": None, "sessionId": self.session_id}
 
    def get(self, url: str) -> None:
        """Loads a web page in the current browser session."""
        self.execute(Command.GET, {"url": url})
 
    @property
    def title(self) -> str:
        """Returns the title of the current page.
        :Usage:
            ::
                title = driver.title
        """
        return self.execute(Command.GET_TITLE).get("value", "")
 
    def pin_script(self, script: str, script_key=None) -> ScriptKey:
        """Store common javascript scripts to be executed later by a unique
        hashable ID."""
        script_key_instance = ScriptKey(script_key)
        self.pinned_scripts[script_key_instance.id] = script
        return script_key_instance
 
    def unpin(self, script_key: ScriptKey) -> None:
        """Remove a pinned script from storage."""
        try:
            self.pinned_scripts.pop(script_key.id)
        except KeyError:
            raise KeyError(f"No script with key: {script_key} existed in {self.pinned_scripts}") from None
 
    def get_pinned_scripts(self) -> List[str]:
        return list(self.pinned_scripts)
 
    def execute_script(self, script, *args):
        """Synchronously Executes JavaScript in the current window/frame.
        :Args:
         - script: The JavaScript to execute.
         - \\*args: Any applicable arguments for your JavaScript.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.execute_script('return document.title;')
        """
        if isinstance(script, ScriptKey):
            try:
                script = self.pinned_scripts[script.id]
            except KeyError:
                raise JavascriptException("Pinned script could not be found")
 
        converted_args = list(args)
        command = Command.W3C_EXECUTE_SCRIPT
 
        return self.execute(command, {"script": script, "args": converted_args})["value"]
 
    def execute_async_script(self, script: str, *args):
        """Asynchronously Executes JavaScript in the current window/frame.
        :Args:
         - script: The JavaScript to execute.
         - \\*args: Any applicable arguments for your JavaScript.
        :Usage:
            ::
                script = "var callback = arguments[arguments.length - 1]; " \\
                         "window.setTimeout(function(){ callback('timeout') }, 3000);"
                driver.execute_async_script(script)
        """
        converted_args = list(args)
        command = Command.W3C_EXECUTE_SCRIPT_ASYNC
 
        return self.execute(command, {"script": script, "args": converted_args})["value"]
 
    @property
    def current_url(self) -> str:
        """Gets the URL of the current page.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.current_url
        """
        return self.execute(Command.GET_CURRENT_URL)["value"]
 
    @property
    def page_source(self) -> str:
        """Gets the source of the current page.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.page_source
        """
        return self.execute(Command.GET_PAGE_SOURCE)["value"]
 
    def close(self) -> None:
        """Closes the current window.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.close()
        """
        self.execute(Command.CLOSE)
 
    def quit(self) -> None:
        """Quits the driver and closes every associated window.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.quit()
        """
        try:
            self.execute(Command.QUIT)
        finally:
            self.stop_client()
            self.command_executor.close()
 
    @property
    def current_window_handle(self) -> str:
        """Returns the handle of the current window.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.current_window_handle
        """
        return self.execute(Command.W3C_GET_CURRENT_WINDOW_HANDLE)["value"]
 
    @property
    def window_handles(self) -> List[str]:
        """Returns the handles of all windows within the current session.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.window_handles
        """
        return self.execute(Command.W3C_GET_WINDOW_HANDLES)["value"]
 
    def maximize_window(self) -> None:
        """Maximizes the current window that webdriver is using."""
        command = Command.W3C_MAXIMIZE_WINDOW
        self.execute(command, None)
 
    def fullscreen_window(self) -> None:
        """Invokes the window manager-specific 'full screen' operation."""
        self.execute(Command.FULLSCREEN_WINDOW)
 
    def minimize_window(self) -> None:
        """Invokes the window manager-specific 'minimize' operation."""
        self.execute(Command.MINIMIZE_WINDOW)
 
    def print_page(self, print_options: Optional[PrintOptions] = None) -> str:
        """Takes PDF of the current page.
        The driver makes a best effort to return a PDF based on the
        provided parameters.
        """
        options = {}
        if print_options:
            options = print_options.to_dict()
 
        return self.execute(Command.PRINT_PAGE, options)["value"]
 
    @property
    def switch_to(self) -> SwitchTo:
        """
        :Returns:
            - SwitchTo: an object containing all options to switch focus into
        :Usage:
            ::
                element = driver.switch_to.active_element
                alert = driver.switch_to.alert
                driver.switch_to.default_content()
                driver.switch_to.frame('frame_name')
                driver.switch_to.frame(1)
                driver.switch_to.frame(driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, "iframe")[0])
                driver.switch_to.parent_frame()
                driver.switch_to.window('main')
        """
        return self._switch_to
 
    # Navigation
    def back(self) -> None:
        """Goes one step backward in the browser history.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.back()
        """
        self.execute(Command.GO_BACK)
 
    def forward(self) -> None:
        """Goes one step forward in the browser history.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.forward()
        """
        self.execute(Command.GO_FORWARD)
 
    def refresh(self) -> None:
        """Refreshes the current page.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.refresh()
        """
        self.execute(Command.REFRESH)
 
    # Options
    def get_cookies(self) -> List[dict]:
        """Returns a set of dictionaries, corresponding to cookies visible in
        the current session.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.get_cookies()
        """
        return self.execute(Command.GET_ALL_COOKIES)["value"]
 
    def get_cookie(self, name) -> typing.Optional[typing.Dict]:
        """Get a single cookie by name. Returns the cookie if found, None if
        not.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.get_cookie('my_cookie')
        """
        with contextlib.suppress(NoSuchCookieException):
            return self.execute(Command.GET_COOKIE, {"name": name})["value"]
        return None
 
    def delete_cookie(self, name) -> None:
        """Deletes a single cookie with the given name.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.delete_cookie('my_cookie')
        """
        self.execute(Command.DELETE_COOKIE, {"name": name})
 
    def delete_all_cookies(self) -> None:
        """Delete all cookies in the scope of the session.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.delete_all_cookies()
        """
        self.execute(Command.DELETE_ALL_COOKIES)
 
    def add_cookie(self, cookie_dict) -> None:
        """Adds a cookie to your current session.
        :Args:
         - cookie_dict: A dictionary object, with required keys - "name" and "value";
            optional keys - "path", "domain", "secure", "httpOnly", "expiry", "sameSite"
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar'})
                driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'path' : '/'})
                driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'path' : '/', 'secure' : True})
                driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'sameSite' : 'Strict'})
        """
        if "sameSite" in cookie_dict:
            assert cookie_dict["sameSite"] in ["Strict", "Lax", "None"]
            self.execute(Command.ADD_COOKIE, {"cookie": cookie_dict})
        else:
            self.execute(Command.ADD_COOKIE, {"cookie": cookie_dict})
 
    # Timeouts
    def implicitly_wait(self, time_to_wait: float) -> None:
        """Sets a sticky timeout to implicitly wait for an element to be found,
        or a command to complete. This method only needs to be called one time
        per session. To set the timeout for calls to execute_async_script, see
        set_script_timeout.
        :Args:
         - time_to_wait: Amount of time to wait (in seconds)
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.implicitly_wait(30)
        """
        self.execute(Command.SET_TIMEOUTS, {"implicit": int(float(time_to_wait) * 1000)})
 
    def set_script_timeout(self, time_to_wait: float) -> None:
        """Set the amount of time that the script should wait during an
        execute_async_script call before throwing an error.
        :Args:
         - time_to_wait: The amount of time to wait (in seconds)
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.set_script_timeout(30)
        """
        self.execute(Command.SET_TIMEOUTS, {"script": int(float(time_to_wait) * 1000)})
 
    def set_page_load_timeout(self, time_to_wait: float) -> None:
        """Set the amount of time to wait for a page load to complete before
        throwing an error.
        :Args:
         - time_to_wait: The amount of time to wait
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.set_page_load_timeout(30)
        """
        try:
            self.execute(Command.SET_TIMEOUTS, {"pageLoad": int(float(time_to_wait) * 1000)})
        except WebDriverException:
            self.execute(Command.SET_TIMEOUTS, {"ms": float(time_to_wait) * 1000, "type": "page load"})
 
    @property
    def timeouts(self) -> Timeouts:
        """Get all the timeouts that have been set on the current session.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.timeouts
        :rtype: Timeout
        """
        timeouts = self.execute(Command.GET_TIMEOUTS)["value"]
        timeouts["implicit_wait"] = timeouts.pop("implicit") / 1000
        timeouts["page_load"] = timeouts.pop("pageLoad") / 1000
        timeouts["script"] = timeouts.pop("script") / 1000
        return Timeouts(**timeouts)
 
    @timeouts.setter
    def timeouts(self, timeouts) -> None:
        """Set all timeouts for the session. This will override any previously
        set timeouts.
        :Usage:
            ::
                my_timeouts = Timeouts()
                my_timeouts.implicit_wait = 10
                driver.timeouts = my_timeouts
        """
        _ = self.execute(Command.SET_TIMEOUTS, timeouts._to_json())["value"]
 
    def find_element(self, by=By.ID, value: Optional[str] = None) -> WebElement:
        """Find an element given a By strategy and locator.
        :Usage:
            ::
                element = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'foo')
        :rtype: WebElement
        """
        if isinstance(by, RelativeBy):
            elements = self.find_elements(by=by, value=value)
            if not elements:
                raise NoSuchElementException(f"Cannot locate relative element with: {by.root}")
            return elements[0]
 
        if by == By.ID:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = f'[id="{value}"]'
        elif by == By.CLASS_NAME:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = f".{value}"
        elif by == By.NAME:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = f'[name="{value}"]'
 
        return self.execute(Command.FIND_ELEMENT, {"using": by, "value": value})["value"]
 
    def find_elements(self, by=By.ID, value: Optional[str] = None) -> List[WebElement]:
        """Find elements given a By strategy and locator.
        :Usage:
            ::
                elements = driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, 'foo')
        :rtype: list of WebElement
        """
        if isinstance(by, RelativeBy):
            _pkg = ".".join(__name__.split(".")[:-1])
            raw_function = pkgutil.get_data(_pkg, "findElements.js").decode("utf8")
            find_element_js = f"/* findElements */return ({raw_function}).apply(null, arguments);"
            return self.execute_script(find_element_js, by.to_dict())
 
        if by == By.ID:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = f'[id="{value}"]'
        elif by == By.CLASS_NAME:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = f".{value}"
        elif by == By.NAME:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = f'[name="{value}"]'
 
        # Return empty list if driver returns null
        # See https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues/4555
        return self.execute(Command.FIND_ELEMENTS, {"using": by, "value": value})["value"] or []
 
    @property
    def capabilities(self) -> dict:
        """Returns the drivers current capabilities being used."""
        return self.caps
 
    def get_screenshot_as_file(self, filename) -> bool:
        """Saves a screenshot of the current window to a PNG image file.
        Returns False if there is any IOError, else returns True. Use full
        paths in your filename.
        :Args:
         - filename: The full path you wish to save your screenshot to. This
           should end with a `.png` extension.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.get_screenshot_as_file('/Screenshots/foo.png')
        """
        if not str(filename).lower().endswith(".png"):
            warnings.warn(
                "name used for saved screenshot does not match file type. It should end with a `.png` extension",
                UserWarning,
                stacklevel=2,
            )
        png = self.get_screenshot_as_png()
        try:
            with open(filename, "wb") as f:
                f.write(png)
        except OSError:
            return False
        finally:
            del png
        return True
 
    def save_screenshot(self, filename) -> bool:
        """Saves a screenshot of the current window to a PNG image file.
        Returns False if there is any IOError, else returns True. Use full
        paths in your filename.
        :Args:
         - filename: The full path you wish to save your screenshot to. This
           should end with a `.png` extension.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.save_screenshot('/Screenshots/foo.png')
        """
        return self.get_screenshot_as_file(filename)
 
    def get_screenshot_as_png(self) -> bytes:
        """Gets the screenshot of the current window as a binary data.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.get_screenshot_as_png()
        """
        return b64decode(self.get_screenshot_as_base64().encode("ascii"))
 
    def get_screenshot_as_base64(self) -> str:
        """Gets the screenshot of the current window as a base64 encoded string
        which is useful in embedded images in HTML.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.get_screenshot_as_base64()
        """
        return self.execute(Command.SCREENSHOT)["value"]
 
    def set_window_size(self, width, height, windowHandle: str = "current") -> None:
        """Sets the width and height of the current window. (window.resizeTo)
        :Args:
         - width: the width in pixels to set the window to
         - height: the height in pixels to set the window to
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.set_window_size(800,600)
        """
        self._check_if_window_handle_is_current(windowHandle)
        self.set_window_rect(width=int(width), height=int(height))
 
    def get_window_size(self, windowHandle: str = "current") -> dict:
        """Gets the width and height of the current window.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.get_window_size()
        """
 
        self._check_if_window_handle_is_current(windowHandle)
        size = self.get_window_rect()
 
        if size.get("value", None):
            size = size["value"]
 
        return {k: size[k] for k in ("width", "height")}
 
    def set_window_position(self, x, y, windowHandle: str = "current") -> dict:
        """Sets the x,y position of the current window. (window.moveTo)
        :Args:
         - x: the x-coordinate in pixels to set the window position
         - y: the y-coordinate in pixels to set the window position
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.set_window_position(0,0)
        """
        self._check_if_window_handle_is_current(windowHandle)
        return self.set_window_rect(x=int(x), y=int(y))
 
    def get_window_position(self, windowHandle="current") -> dict:
        """Gets the x,y position of the current window.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.get_window_position()
        """
 
        self._check_if_window_handle_is_current(windowHandle)
        position = self.get_window_rect()
 
        return {k: position[k] for k in ("x", "y")}
 
    def _check_if_window_handle_is_current(self, windowHandle: str) -> None:
        """Warns if the window handle is not equal to `current`."""
        if windowHandle != "current":
            warnings.warn("Only 'current' window is supported for W3C compatible browsers.", stacklevel=2)
 
    def get_window_rect(self) -> dict:
        """Gets the x, y coordinates of the window as well as height and width
        of the current window.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.get_window_rect()
        """
        return self.execute(Command.GET_WINDOW_RECT)["value"]
 
    def set_window_rect(self, x=None, y=None, width=None, height=None) -> dict:
        """Sets the x, y coordinates of the window as well as height and width
        of the current window. This method is only supported for W3C compatible
        browsers; other browsers should use `set_window_position` and
        `set_window_size`.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.set_window_rect(x=10, y=10)
                driver.set_window_rect(width=100, height=200)
                driver.set_window_rect(x=10, y=10, width=100, height=200)
        """
 
        if (x is None and y is None) and (not height and not width):
            raise InvalidArgumentException("x and y or height and width need values")
 
        return self.execute(Command.SET_WINDOW_RECT, {"x": x, "y": y, "width": width, "height": height})["value"]
 
    @property
    def file_detector(self) -> FileDetector:
        return self._file_detector
 
    @file_detector.setter
    def file_detector(self, detector) -> None:
        """Set the file detector to be used when sending keyboard input. By
        default, this is set to a file detector that does nothing.
        see FileDetector
        see LocalFileDetector
        see UselessFileDetector
        :Args:
         - detector: The detector to use. Must not be None.
        """
        if not detector:
            raise WebDriverException("You may not set a file detector that is null")
        if not isinstance(detector, FileDetector):
            raise WebDriverException("Detector has to be instance of FileDetector")
        self._file_detector = detector
 
    @property
    def orientation(self):
        """Gets the current orientation of the device.
        :Usage:
            ::
                orientation = driver.orientation
        """
        return self.execute(Command.GET_SCREEN_ORIENTATION)["value"]
 
    @orientation.setter
    def orientation(self, value) -> None:
        """Sets the current orientation of the device.
        :Args:
         - value: orientation to set it to.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.orientation = 'landscape'
        """
        allowed_values = ["LANDSCAPE", "PORTRAIT"]
        if value.upper() in allowed_values:
            self.execute(Command.SET_SCREEN_ORIENTATION, {"orientation": value})
        else:
            raise WebDriverException("You can only set the orientation to 'LANDSCAPE' and 'PORTRAIT'")
 
    @property
    def log_types(self):
        """Gets a list of the available log types. This only works with w3c
        compliant browsers.
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.log_types
        """
        return self.execute(Command.GET_AVAILABLE_LOG_TYPES)["value"]
 
    def get_log(self, log_type):
        """Gets the log for a given log type.
        :Args:
         - log_type: type of log that which will be returned
        :Usage:
            ::
                driver.get_log('browser')
                driver.get_log('driver')
                driver.get_log('client')
                driver.get_log('server')
        """
        return self.execute(Command.GET_LOG, {"type": log_type})["value"]
 
    @asynccontextmanager
    async def bidi_connection(self):
        global cdp
        import_cdp()
        if self.caps.get("se:cdp"):
            ws_url = self.caps.get("se:cdp")
            version = self.caps.get("se:cdpVersion").split(".")[0]
        else:
            version, ws_url = self._get_cdp_details()
 
        if not ws_url:
            raise WebDriverException("Unable to find url to connect to from capabilities")
 
        devtools = cdp.import_devtools(version)
        async with cdp.open_cdp(ws_url) as conn:
            targets = await conn.execute(devtools.target.get_targets())
            target_id = targets[0].target_id
            async with conn.open_session(target_id) as session:
                yield BidiConnection(session, cdp, devtools)
 
    def _get_cdp_details(self):
        import json
 
        import urllib3
 
        http = urllib3.PoolManager()
        _firefox = False
        if self.caps.get("browserName") == "chrome":
            debugger_address = self.caps.get("goog:chromeOptions").get("debuggerAddress")
        elif self.caps.get("browserName") == "msedge":
            debugger_address = self.caps.get("ms:edgeOptions").get("debuggerAddress")
        else:
            _firefox = True
            debugger_address = self.caps.get("moz:debuggerAddress")
        res = http.request("GET", f"http://{debugger_address}/json/version")
        data = json.loads(res.data)
 
        browser_version = data.get("Browser")
        websocket_url = data.get("webSocketDebuggerUrl")
 
        import re
 
        if _firefox:
            # Mozilla Automation Team asked to only support 85
            # until WebDriver Bidi is available.
            version = 85
        else:
            version = re.search(r".*/(\d+)\.", browser_version).group(1)
 
        return version, websocket_url
 
    # Virtual Authenticator Methods
    def add_virtual_authenticator(self, options: VirtualAuthenticatorOptions) -> None:
        """Adds a virtual authenticator with the given options."""
        self._authenticator_id = self.execute(Command.ADD_VIRTUAL_AUTHENTICATOR, options.to_dict())["value"]
 
    @property
    def virtual_authenticator_id(self) -> str:
        """Returns the id of the virtual authenticator."""
        return self._authenticator_id
 
    @required_virtual_authenticator
    def remove_virtual_authenticator(self) -> None:
        """Removes a previously added virtual authenticator.
        The authenticator is no longer valid after removal, so no
        methods may be called.
        """
        self.execute(Command.REMOVE_VIRTUAL_AUTHENTICATOR, {"authenticatorId": self._authenticator_id})
        self._authenticator_id = None
 
    @required_virtual_authenticator
    def add_credential(self, credential: Credential) -> None:
        """Injects a credential into the authenticator."""
        self.execute(Command.ADD_CREDENTIAL, {**credential.to_dict(), "authenticatorId": self._authenticator_id})
 
    @required_virtual_authenticator
    def get_credentials(self) -> List[Credential]:
        """Returns the list of credentials owned by the authenticator."""
        credential_data = self.execute(Command.GET_CREDENTIALS, {"authenticatorId": self._authenticator_id})
        return [Credential.from_dict(credential) for credential in credential_data["value"]]
 
    @required_virtual_authenticator
    def remove_credential(self, credential_id: Union[str, bytearray]) -> None:
        """Removes a credential from the authenticator."""
        # Check if the credential is bytearray converted to b64 string
        if isinstance(credential_id, bytearray):
            credential_id = urlsafe_b64encode(credential_id).decode()
 
        self.execute(
            Command.REMOVE_CREDENTIAL, {"credentialId": credential_id, "authenticatorId": self._authenticator_id}
        )
 
    @required_virtual_authenticator
    def remove_all_credentials(self) -> None:
        """Removes all credentials from the authenticator."""
        self.execute(Command.REMOVE_ALL_CREDENTIALS, {"authenticatorId": self._authenticator_id})
 
    @required_virtual_authenticator
    def set_user_verified(self, verified: bool) -> None:
        """Sets whether the authenticator will simulate success or fail on user
        verification.
        verified: True if the authenticator will pass user verification, False otherwise.
        """
        self.execute(Command.SET_USER_VERIFIED, {"authenticatorId": self._authenticator_id, "isUserVerified": verified})
 
    def get_downloadable_files(self) -> dict:
        """Retrieves the downloadable files as a map of file names and their
        corresponding URLs."""
        if "se:downloadsEnabled" not in self.capabilities:
            raise WebDriverException("You must enable downloads in order to work with downloadable files.")
 
        return self.execute(Command.GET_DOWNLOADABLE_FILES)["value"]["names"]
 
    def download_file(self, file_name: str, target_directory: str) -> None:
        """Downloads a file with the specified file name to the target
        directory.
        file_name: The name of the file to download.
        target_directory: The path to the directory to save the downloaded file.
        """
        if "se:downloadsEnabled" not in self.capabilities:
            raise WebDriverException("You must enable downloads in order to work with downloadable files.")
 
        if not os.path.exists(target_directory):
            os.makedirs(target_directory)
 
        contents = self.execute(Command.DOWNLOAD_FILE, {"name": file_name})["value"]["contents"]
 
        target_file = os.path.join(target_directory, file_name)
        with open(target_file, "wb") as file:
            file.write(base64.b64decode(contents))
 
        with zipfile.ZipFile(target_file, "r") as zip_ref:
            zip_ref.extractall(target_directory)
 
    def delete_downloadable_files(self) -> None:
        """Deletes all downloadable files."""
        if "se:downloadsEnabled" not in self.capabilities:
            raise WebDriverException("You must enable downloads in order to work with downloadable files.")
 
        self.execute(Command.DELETE_DOWNLOADABLE_FILES)

------------------- 

 这段代码看起来是关于对 Web 元素进行操作的，使用了 Selenium WebDriver 库。它定义了一个 WebElement 类，用于表示网页中的 DOM 元素，并提供了一系列方法来操作元素，比如点击、输入文本、获取属性、截图等。除此之外，还包括了一些私有方法和元素定位的方法。这段代码主要是基于 Python 的 Selenium 库，用于模拟浏览器操作网页元素。
selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement 类是 Selenium WebDriver 中用于表示网页上的元素（如按钮、输入框、链接等）的主要类之一。通过该类，可以对网页上的元素进行查找、操作和获取属性等操作。

常用方法：
click(self) -> None: 点击元素。
submit(self): 提交表单。
clear(self) -> None: 清除文本（如果是文本输入元素）。
send_keys(self, *value) -> None: 模拟向元素输入文本。
find_element(self, by=By.ID, value=None) -> WebElement: 根据查找策略和定位器查找元素。
find_elements(self, by=By.ID, value=None) -> List[WebElement]: 根据查找策略和定位器查找多个元素。
get_attribute(name): 获取元素的指定属性值。
is_displayed(): 判断元素是否可见。
is_enabled(): 判断元素是否可操作。
is_selected(): 判断元素是否被选中（针对复选框、单选框等元素）。

常用属性：
text - 获取元素的文本内容
tag_name - 获取元素的标签名
size - 获取元素的尺寸
location - 获取元素在页面中的位置
rect - 获取元素的位置和大小信息的字典表示

通过这些方法和属性，我们可以对网页元素执行点击、输入文本、获取属性、截图等操作，并获取元素的相关信息。这些方法和属性可以帮助我们实现自动化测试、网页数据采集等功能。

 
from __future__ import annotations
 
import os
import pkgutil
import warnings
import zipfile
from abc import ABCMeta
from base64 import b64decode
from base64 import encodebytes
from hashlib import md5 as md5_hash
from io import BytesIO
from typing import List
 
from selenium.common.exceptions import JavascriptException
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.utils import keys_to_typing
 
from .command import Command
from .shadowroot import ShadowRoot
 
# TODO: When moving to supporting python 3.9 as the minimum version we can
# use built in importlib_resources.files.
getAttribute_js = None
isDisplayed_js = None
 
 
def _load_js():
    global getAttribute_js
    global isDisplayed_js
    _pkg = ".".join(__name__.split(".")[:-1])
    getAttribute_js = pkgutil.get_data(_pkg, "getAttribute.js").decode("utf8")
    isDisplayed_js = pkgutil.get_data(_pkg, "isDisplayed.js").decode("utf8")
 
 
class BaseWebElement(metaclass=ABCMeta):
    """Abstract Base Class for WebElement.
    ABC's will allow custom types to be registered as a WebElement to
    pass type checks.
    """
 
    pass
 
 
class WebElement(BaseWebElement):
    """Represents a DOM element.
    Generally, all interesting operations that interact with a document will be
    performed through this interface.
    All method calls will do a freshness check to ensure that the element
    reference is still valid.  This essentially determines whether the
    element is still attached to the DOM.  If this test fails, then an
    ``StaleElementReferenceException`` is thrown, and all future calls to this
    instance will fail.
    """
 
    def __init__(self, parent, id_) -> None:
        self._parent = parent
        self._id = id_
 
    def __repr__(self):
        return f'<{type(self).__module__}.{type(self).__name__} (session="{self._parent.session_id}", element="{self._id}")>'
 
    @property
    def tag_name(self) -> str:
        """This element's ``tagName`` property."""
        return self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_TAG_NAME)["value"]
 
    @property
    def text(self) -> str:
        """The text of the element."""
        return self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_TEXT)["value"]
 
    def click(self) -> None:
        """Clicks the element."""
        self._execute(Command.CLICK_ELEMENT)
 
    def submit(self):
        """Submits a form."""
        script = (
            "/* submitForm */var form = arguments[0];\n"
            'while (form.nodeName != "FORM" && form.parentNode) {\n'
            "  form = form.parentNode;\n"
            "}\n"
            "if (!form) { throw Error('Unable to find containing form element'); }\n"
            "if (!form.ownerDocument) { throw Error('Unable to find owning document'); }\n"
            "var e = form.ownerDocument.createEvent('Event');\n"
            "e.initEvent('submit', true, true);\n"
            "if (form.dispatchEvent(e)) { HTMLFormElement.prototype.submit.call(form) }\n"
        )
 
        try:
            self._parent.execute_script(script, self)
        except JavascriptException as exc:
            raise WebDriverException("To submit an element, it must be nested inside a form element") from exc
 
    def clear(self) -> None:
        """Clears the text if it's a text entry element."""
        self._execute(Command.CLEAR_ELEMENT)
 
    def get_property(self, name) -> str | bool | WebElement | dict:
        """Gets the given property of the element.
        :Args:
            - name - Name of the property to retrieve.
        :Usage:
            ::
                text_length = target_element.get_property("text_length")
        """
        try:
            return self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_PROPERTY, {"name": name})["value"]
        except WebDriverException:
            # if we hit an end point that doesn't understand getElementProperty lets fake it
            return self.parent.execute_script("return arguments[0][arguments[1]]", self, name)
 
    def get_dom_attribute(self, name) -> str:
        """Gets the given attribute of the element. Unlike
        :func:`~selenium.webdriver.remote.BaseWebElement.get_attribute`, this
        method only returns attributes declared in the element's HTML markup.
        :Args:
            - name - Name of the attribute to retrieve.
        :Usage:
            ::
                text_length = target_element.get_dom_attribute("class")
        """
        return self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_ATTRIBUTE, {"name": name})["value"]
 
    def get_attribute(self, name) -> str | None:
        """Gets the given attribute or property of the element.
        This method will first try to return the value of a property with the
        given name. If a property with that name doesn't exist, it returns the
        value of the attribute with the same name. If there's no attribute with
        that name, ``None`` is returned.
        Values which are considered truthy, that is equals "true" or "false",
        are returned as booleans.  All other non-``None`` values are returned
        as strings.  For attributes or properties which do not exist, ``None``
        is returned.
        To obtain the exact value of the attribute or property,
        use :func:`~selenium.webdriver.remote.BaseWebElement.get_dom_attribute` or
        :func:`~selenium.webdriver.remote.BaseWebElement.get_property` methods respectively.
        :Args:
            - name - Name of the attribute/property to retrieve.
        Example::
            # Check if the "active" CSS class is applied to an element.
            is_active = "active" in target_element.get_attribute("class")
        """
        if getAttribute_js is None:
            _load_js()
        attribute_value = self.parent.execute_script(
            f"/* getAttribute */return ({getAttribute_js}).apply(null, arguments);", self, name
        )
        return attribute_value
 
    def is_selected(self) -> bool:
        """Returns whether the element is selected.
        Can be used to check if a checkbox or radio button is selected.
        """
        return self._execute(Command.IS_ELEMENT_SELECTED)["value"]
 
    def is_enabled(self) -> bool:
        """Returns whether the element is enabled."""
        return self._execute(Command.IS_ELEMENT_ENABLED)["value"]
 
    def send_keys(self, *value) -> None:
        """Simulates typing into the element.
        :Args:
            - value - A string for typing, or setting form fields.  For setting
              file inputs, this could be a local file path.
        Use this to send simple key events or to fill out form fields::
            form_textfield = driver.find_element(By.NAME, 'username')
            form_textfield.send_keys("admin")
        This can also be used to set file inputs.
        ::
            file_input = driver.find_element(By.NAME, 'profilePic')
            file_input.send_keys("path/to/profilepic.gif")
            # Generally it's better to wrap the file path in one of the methods
            # in os.path to return the actual path to support cross OS testing.
            # file_input.send_keys(os.path.abspath("path/to/profilepic.gif"))
        """
        # transfer file to another machine only if remote driver is used
        # the same behaviour as for java binding
        if self.parent._is_remote:
            local_files = list(
                map(
                    lambda keys_to_send: self.parent.file_detector.is_local_file(str(keys_to_send)),
                    "".join(map(str, value)).split("\n"),
                )
            )
            if None not in local_files:
                remote_files = []
                for file in local_files:
                    remote_files.append(self._upload(file))
                value = "\n".join(remote_files)
 
        self._execute(
            Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ELEMENT, {"text": "".join(keys_to_typing(value)), "value": keys_to_typing(value)}
        )
 
    @property
    def shadow_root(self) -> ShadowRoot:
        """Returns a shadow root of the element if there is one or an error.
        Only works from Chromium 96, Firefox 96, and Safari 16.4 onwards.
        :Returns:
          - ShadowRoot object or
          - NoSuchShadowRoot - if no shadow root was attached to element
        """
        return self._execute(Command.GET_SHADOW_ROOT)["value"]
 
    # RenderedWebElement Items
    def is_displayed(self) -> bool:
        """Whether the element is visible to a user."""
        # Only go into this conditional for browsers that don't use the atom themselves
        if isDisplayed_js is None:
            _load_js()
        return self.parent.execute_script(f"/* isDisplayed */return ({isDisplayed_js}).apply(null, arguments);", self)
 
    @property
    def location_once_scrolled_into_view(self) -> dict:
        """THIS PROPERTY MAY CHANGE WITHOUT WARNING. Use this to discover where
        on the screen an element is so that we can click it. This method should
        cause the element to be scrolled into view.
        Returns the top lefthand corner location on the screen, or zero
        coordinates if the element is not visible.
        """
        old_loc = self._execute(
            Command.W3C_EXECUTE_SCRIPT,
            {
                "script": "arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true); return arguments[0].getBoundingClientRect()",
                "args": [self],
            },
        )["value"]
        return {"x": round(old_loc["x"]), "y": round(old_loc["y"])}
 
    @property
    def size(self) -> dict:
        """The size of the element."""
        size = self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_RECT)["value"]
        new_size = {"height": size["height"], "width": size["width"]}
        return new_size
 
    def value_of_css_property(self, property_name) -> str:
        """The value of a CSS property."""
        return self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_VALUE_OF_CSS_PROPERTY, {"propertyName": property_name})["value"]
 
    @property
    def location(self) -> dict:
        """The location of the element in the renderable canvas."""
        old_loc = self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_RECT)["value"]
        new_loc = {"x": round(old_loc["x"]), "y": round(old_loc["y"])}
        return new_loc
 
    @property
    def rect(self) -> dict:
        """A dictionary with the size and location of the element."""
        return self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_RECT)["value"]
 
    @property
    def aria_role(self) -> str:
        """Returns the ARIA role of the current web element."""
        return self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_ARIA_ROLE)["value"]
 
    @property
    def accessible_name(self) -> str:
        """Returns the ARIA Level of the current webelement."""
        return self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_ARIA_LABEL)["value"]
 
    @property
    def screenshot_as_base64(self) -> str:
        """Gets the screenshot of the current element as a base64 encoded
        string.
        :Usage:
            ::
                img_b64 = element.screenshot_as_base64
        """
        return self._execute(Command.ELEMENT_SCREENSHOT)["value"]
 
    @property
    def screenshot_as_png(self) -> bytes:
        """Gets the screenshot of the current element as a binary data.
        :Usage:
            ::
                element_png = element.screenshot_as_png
        """
        return b64decode(self.screenshot_as_base64.encode("ascii"))
 
    def screenshot(self, filename) -> bool:
        """Saves a screenshot of the current element to a PNG image file.
        Returns False if there is any IOError, else returns True. Use full
        paths in your filename.
        :Args:
         - filename: The full path you wish to save your screenshot to. This
           should end with a `.png` extension.
        :Usage:
            ::
                element.screenshot('/Screenshots/foo.png')
        """
        if not filename.lower().endswith(".png"):
            warnings.warn(
                "name used for saved screenshot does not match file type. It should end with a `.png` extension",
                UserWarning,
            )
        png = self.screenshot_as_png
        try:
            with open(filename, "wb") as f:
                f.write(png)
        except OSError:
            return False
        finally:
            del png
        return True
 
    @property
    def parent(self):
        """Internal reference to the WebDriver instance this element was found
        from."""
        return self._parent
 
    @property
    def id(self) -> str:
        """Internal ID used by selenium.
        This is mainly for internal use. Simple use cases such as checking if 2
        webelements refer to the same element, can be done using ``==``::
            if element1 == element2:
                print("These 2 are equal")
        """
        return self._id
 
    def __eq__(self, element):
        return hasattr(element, "id") and self._id == element.id
 
    def __ne__(self, element):
        return not self.__eq__(element)
 
    # Private Methods
    def _execute(self, command, params=None):
        """Executes a command against the underlying HTML element.
        Args:
          command: The name of the command to _execute as a string.
          params: A dictionary of named parameters to send with the command.
        Returns:
          The command's JSON response loaded into a dictionary object.
        """
        if not params:
            params = {}
        params["id"] = self._id
        return self._parent.execute(command, params)
 
    def find_element(self, by=By.ID, value=None) -> WebElement:
        """Find an element given a By strategy and locator.
        :Usage:
            ::
                element = element.find_element(By.ID, 'foo')
        :rtype: WebElement
        """
        if by == By.ID:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = f'[id="{value}"]'
        elif by == By.CLASS_NAME:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = f".{value}"
        elif by == By.NAME:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = f'[name="{value}"]'
 
        return self._execute(Command.FIND_CHILD_ELEMENT, {"using": by, "value": value})["value"]
 
    def find_elements(self, by=By.ID, value=None) -> List[WebElement]:
        """Find elements given a By strategy and locator.
        :Usage:
            ::
                element = element.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, 'foo')
        :rtype: list of WebElement
        """
        if by == By.ID:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = f'[id="{value}"]'
        elif by == By.CLASS_NAME:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = f".{value}"
        elif by == By.NAME:
            by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            value = f'[name="{value}"]'
 
        return self._execute(Command.FIND_CHILD_ELEMENTS, {"using": by, "value": value})["value"]
 
    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        return int(md5_hash(self._id.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest(), 16)
 
    def _upload(self, filename):
        fp = BytesIO()
        zipped = zipfile.ZipFile(fp, "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
        zipped.write(filename, os.path.split(filename)[1])
        zipped.close()
        content = encodebytes(fp.getvalue())
        if not isinstance(content, str):
            content = content.decode("utf-8")
        try:
            return self._execute(Command.UPLOAD_FILE, {"file": content})["value"]
        except WebDriverException as e:
            if "Unrecognized command: POST" in str(e):
                return filename
            if "Command not found: POST " in str(e):
                return filename
            if '{"status":405,"value":["GET","HEAD","DELETE"]}' in str(e):
                return filename
            raise