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openEuler 22.03 (LTS-SP1)服务器用ntpd同步GPS时间服务器的案例_openeuler ntp

作者：Guff_9hys | 2024-08-20 00:58:06

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openeuler ntp

本文记录了openEuler 22.03 (LTS-SP1)的二级时间服务器用chronyd不能自动同步GPS时间服务器，改用ntpd同步GPS时间服务器成功的案例

一、环境简述

1、本环境中有两台GPS一级时间服务器，IP如下：

192.168.188.66

192.168.188.74

2、有一台openeuler系统的服务器拟作为网络中的二级时间服务器对全网进行授时

系统版本：

  1. [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/os-release 
  2. NAME="openEuler"
  3. VERSION="22.03 (LTS-SP1)"
  4. ID="openEuler"
  5. VERSION_ID="22.03"
  6. PRETTY_NAME="openEuler 22.03 (LTS-SP1)"
  7. ANSI_COLOR="0;31"

 IP地址：192.168.168.33

二、问题现象

1、使用chronyd进行时间服务器同步设置

配置如下：

  1. [root@localhost ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/chrony.conf
  2. server 192.168.188.66 iburst
  3. server 192.168.188.74 iburst
  4. driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift
  5. makestep 1.0 3
  6. rtcsync
  7. allow 192.0.0.0/8
  8. local stratum 10
  9. keyfile /etc/chrony.keys
  10. logdir /var/log/chrony
  11. log measurements statistics tracking
2、启动服务
  1. [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start chronyd
  2. [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status chronyd
  3. ● chronyd.service - NTP client/server
  4.      Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
  5.      Active: active (running) since Fri 2024-06-21 20:37:38 CST; 5s ago
  6.        Docs: man:chronyd(8)
  7.              man:chrony.conf(5)
  8.     Process: 392366 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/chronyd $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  9.    Main PID: 392368 (chronyd)
  10.       Tasks: 1 (limit: 2469658)
  11.      Memory: 360.0K
  12.      CGroup: /system.slice/chronyd.service
  13.              └─ 392368 /usr/sbin/chronyd
  14.  
  15. Jun 21 20:37:38 irmsogg1733 systemd[1]: Starting NTP client/server...
  16. Jun 21 20:37:38 irmsogg1733 chronyd[392368]: chronyd version 4.1 starting (+CMDMON +NTP +REFCLOCK +RTC +PRIVDROP +SCFILTER +SIGND +ASY>
  17. Jun 21 20:37:38 irmsogg1733 chronyd[392368]: Initial frequency -46.668 ppm
  18. Jun 21 20:37:38 irmsogg1733 systemd[1]: Started NTP client/server.

服务正常启动

3、检查服务器同步情况
  1. [root@localhost ~]# chronyc sourcestats -v 
  2.                              .- Number of sample points in measurement set.
  3.                             /    .- Number of residual runs with same sign.
  4.                            |    /    .- Length of measurement set (time).
  5.                            |   |    /      .- Est. clock freq error (ppm).
  6.                            |   |   |      /           .- Est. error in freq.
  7.                            |   |   |     |           /         .- Est. offset.
  8.                            |   |   |     |          |          |   On the -.
  9.                            |   |   |     |          |          |   samples. \
  10.                            |   |   |     |          |          |             |
  11. Name/IP Address            NP  NR  Span  Frequency  Freq Skew  Offset  Std Dev
  12. ==============================================================================
  13. 192.168.188.66               0   0     0     +0.000   2000.000     +0ns  4000ms
  14. 192.168.188.74               0   0     0     +0.000   2000.000     +0ns  4000ms
  15. [root@localhost ~]# chronyc sources -v     
  16.  
  17.   .-- Source mode  '^' = server, '=' = peer, '#' = local clock.
  18.  / .- Source state '*' = current best, '+' = combined, '-' = not combined,
  19. | /             'x' = may be in error, '~' = too variable, '?' = unusable.
  20. ||                                                 .- xxxx [ yyyy ] +/- zzzz
  21. ||      Reachability register (octal) -.           |  xxxx = adjusted offset,
  22. ||      Log2(Polling interval) --.      |          |  yyyy = measured offset,
  23. ||                                \     |          |  zzzz = estimated error.
  24. ||                                 |    |           \
  25. MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample               
  26. ===============================================================================
  27. ^? 192.168.188.66                 0   8     0     -     +0ns[   +0ns] +/-    0ns
  28. ^? 192.168.188.74                 0   8     0     -     +0ns[   +0ns] +/-    0ns

经长时间观察，服务器前面始终为?，发现无法完成自动同步将服务器状态转为“*”或“-”。

4、检查一级服务器授时能力
  1. [root@localhost ~]# chronyc activity -v
  2. 200 OK
  3. 2 sources online
  4. 0 sources offline
  5. 0 sources doing burst (return to online)
  6. 0 sources doing burst (return to offline)
  7. 0 sources with unknown address
  8. [root@localhost ~]# chronyc tracking -v
  9. Reference ID    : 7F7F0101 ()
  10. Stratum         : 10
  11. Ref time (UTC)  : Fri Jun 21 11:31:11 2024
  12. System time     : 0.000000004 seconds slow of NTP time
  13. Last offset     : +0.000000000 seconds
  14. RMS offset      : 0.000000000 seconds
  15. Frequency       : 44.979 ppm slow
  16. Residual freq   : +0.000 ppm
  17. Skew            : 0.000 ppm
  18. Root delay      : 0.000000000 seconds
  19. Root dispersion : 0.000000000 seconds
  20. Update interval : 0.0 seconds
  21. Leap status     : Normal

 可以看到两个时间服务器源是在线的，但tracking信息不正常

5、手动同步时间测试
  1. [root@localhost ~]# ntpdate 192.168.188.66    
  2. 21 Jun 19:19:21 ntpdate[391367]: adjust time server 192.168.188.66 offset +0.017640 sec
  3. [root@localhost ~]# ntpdate 192.168.188.74
  4. 21 Jun 19:19:34 ntpdate[391368]: adjust time server 192.168.188.74 offset +0.012333 sec
  5. [root@localhost ~]# chronyc -a makestep
  6. 200 OK

 手动测试一级时间服务器时间同步正常，授时端口也正常，看来chronyd与该GPS时间服务器同步存在什么问题。

三、问题处理

1、卸载chronyd

考虑到一级GPS时间服务器能正常授时，chronyd又无法完成与一级GPS时间服务器的自动同步，于是卸载chronyd，改用ntpd进行尝试（ntpd和chronyd都能启动ntp时间服务器，同时运行是有冲突的，最好只保留一个）。

  1. [root@localhost ~]# yum remove chrony        
  2. Dependencies resolved.
  3. =======================================================================================================================================
  4.  Package                     Architecture             Version                             Repository                              Size
  5. =======================================================================================================================================
  6. Removing:
  7.  chrony                      x86_64                   4.1-3.oe2203sp1                     @openEuler2203SP1LTS                   435 k
  8. Removing unused dependencies:
  9.  libedit                     x86_64                   3.1-29.oe2203sp1                    @openEuler2203SP1LTS                   232 k
  10.  timedatex                   x86_64                   0.6-3.oe2203sp1                     @openEuler2203SP1LTS                    52 k
  11.  
  12. Transaction Summary
  13. =======================================================================================================================================
  14. Remove  3 Packages
  15.  
  16. Freed space: 718 k
  17. Is this ok [y/N]: y
  18. Running transaction check
  19. Transaction check succeeded.
  20. Running transaction test
  21. Transaction test succeeded.
  22. Running transaction
  23.   Preparing        :                                                                                                               1/1 
  24.   Running scriptlet: chrony-4.1-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                                 1/1 
  25.   Running scriptlet: chrony-4.1-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                                 1/3 
  26. Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/chronyd.service.
  27.  
  28.   Erasing          : chrony-4.1-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                                 1/3 
  29. warning: /etc/chrony.conf saved as /etc/chrony.conf.rpmsave
  30.  
  31.   Running scriptlet: chrony-4.1-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                                 1/3 
  32.   Erasing          : libedit-3.1-29.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                               2/3 
  33.   Running scriptlet: timedatex-0.6-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                              3/3 
  34. Unit /etc/systemd/system/timedatex.service is masked, ignoring.
  35.  
  36.   Erasing          : timedatex-0.6-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                              3/3 
  37.   Running scriptlet: timedatex-0.6-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                              3/3 
  38.   Verifying        : chrony-4.1-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                                 1/3 
  39.   Verifying        : libedit-3.1-29.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                               2/3 
  40.   Verifying        : timedatex-0.6-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                              3/3 
  41.  
  42. Removed:
  43.   chrony-4.1-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64              libedit-3.1-29.oe2203sp1.x86_64              timedatex-0.6-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64             
  44.  
  45. Complete!
2、安装ntpd
  1. [root@localhost ~] # yum install ntp
  2. Last metadata expiration check: 0:51:16 ago on Fri 21 Jun 2024 07:47:25 PM CST.
  3. Dependencies resolved.
  4. =======================================================================================================================================
  5.  Package                    Architecture            Version                                 Repository                            Size
  6. =======================================================================================================================================
  7. Installing:
  8.  ntp                        x86_64                  4.2.8p15-7.oe2203sp1                    openEuler2203SP1LTS                  619 k
  9. Installing dependencies:
  10.  autogen                    x86_64                  5.18.16-3.oe2203sp1                     openEuler2203SP1LTS                  469 k
  11.  libedit                    x86_64                  3.1-29.oe2203sp1                        openEuler2203SP1LTS                   92 k
  12.  ntp-help                   noarch                  4.2.8p15-7.oe2203sp1                    openEuler2203SP1LTS                  1.3 M
  13. Installing weak dependencies:
  14.  ntpstat                    noarch                  0.6-4.oe2203sp1                         openEuler2203SP1LTS                   11 k
  15.  timedatex                  x86_64                  0.6-3.oe2203sp1                         openEuler2203SP1LTS                   29 k
  16.  
  17. Transaction Summary
  18. =======================================================================================================================================
  19. Install  6 Packages
  20.  
  21. Total download size: 2.4 M
  22. Installed size: 5.3 M
  23. Is this ok [y/N]: y
  24. Downloading Packages:
  25. (1/6): libedit-3.1-29.oe2203sp1.x86_64.rpm                                                              19 MB/s |  92 kB     00:00    
  26. (2/6): autogen-5.18.16-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64.rpm                                                           29 MB/s | 469 kB     00:00    
  27. (3/6): ntpstat-0.6-4.oe2203sp1.noarch.rpm                                                              9.3 MB/s |  11 kB     00:00    
  28. (4/6): ntp-4.2.8p15-7.oe2203sp1.x86_64.rpm                                                              24 MB/s | 619 kB     00:00    
  29. (5/6): timedatex-0.6-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64.rpm                                                            3.7 MB/s |  29 kB     00:00    
  30. (6/6): ntp-help-4.2.8p15-7.oe2203sp1.noarch.rpm                                                         42 MB/s | 1.3 MB     00:00    
  31. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  32. Total                                                                                                   63 MB/s | 2.4 MB     00:00     
  33. Running transaction check
  34. Transaction check succeeded.
  35. Running transaction test
  36. Transaction test succeeded.
  37. Running transaction
  38.   Preparing        :                                                                                                               1/1 
  39.   Running scriptlet: timedatex-0.6-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                              1/6 
  40.   Installing       : timedatex-0.6-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                              1/6 
  41.   Running scriptlet: timedatex-0.6-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                              1/6 
  42. Unit /etc/systemd/system/timedatex.service is masked, ignoring.
  43.  
  44.   Installing       : ntp-help-4.2.8p15-7.oe2203sp1.noarch                                                                          2/6 
  45.   Installing       : libedit-3.1-29.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                               3/6 
  46.   Installing       : autogen-5.18.16-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                            4/6 
  47.   Installing       : ntpstat-0.6-4.oe2203sp1.noarch                                                                                5/6 
  48.   Running scriptlet: ntp-4.2.8p15-7.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                               6/6 
  49.   Installing       : ntp-4.2.8p15-7.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                               6/6 
  50.   Running scriptlet: ntp-4.2.8p15-7.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                               6/6 
  51.   Verifying        : autogen-5.18.16-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                            1/6 
  52.   Verifying        : libedit-3.1-29.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                               2/6 
  53.   Verifying        : ntp-4.2.8p15-7.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                               3/6 
  54.   Verifying        : ntp-help-4.2.8p15-7.oe2203sp1.noarch                                                                          4/6 
  55.   Verifying        : ntpstat-0.6-4.oe2203sp1.noarch                                                                                5/6 
  56.   Verifying        : timedatex-0.6-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64                                                                              6/6 
  57.  
  58. Installed:
  59.   autogen-5.18.16-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64             libedit-3.1-29.oe2203sp1.x86_64           ntp-4.2.8p15-7.oe2203sp1.x86_64           
  60.   ntp-help-4.2.8p15-7.oe2203sp1.noarch           ntpstat-0.6-4.oe2203sp1.noarch            timedatex-0.6-3.oe2203sp1.x86_64          
  61.  
  62. Complete!
3、配置ntpd
  1. [root@localhost chrony]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/ntp.conf   
  2. driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
  3. restrict default nomodify notrap nopeer noepeer noquery
  4. restrict source nomodify notrap noepeer noquery
  5. restrict 127.0.0.1 
  6. restrict ::1
  7. server 192.168.188.66 iburst
  8. server 192.168.188.74 iburst
  9. tos maxclock 5
  10. includefile /etc/ntp/crypto/pw
  11. keys /etc/ntp/keys
 4、启动ntpd
[root@localhost chrony]# systemctl start ntpd
5、查看服务状态
  1. [root@localhost chrony]# systemctl status ntpd
  2. ● ntpd.service - Network Time Service
  3.      Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
  4.      Active: active (running) since Fri 2024-06-21 20:40:16 CST; 2min 38s ago
  5.    Main PID: 392489 (ntpd)
  6.       Tasks: 2 (limit: 2469658)
  7.      Memory: 1.6M
  8.      CGroup: /system.slice/ntpd.service
  9.              └─ 392489 /usr/sbin/ntpd -u ntp:ntp -g
  10.  
  11. Jun 21 20:40:16 localhost ntpd[392489]: Listen and drop on 1 v4wildcard 0.0.0.0:123
  12. Jun 21 20:40:16 localhost ntpd[392489]: Listen normally on 2 lo 127.0.0.1:123
  13. Jun 21 20:40:16 localhost ntpd[392489]: Listen normally on 3 bond0 192.168.168.33:123
  14. Jun 21 20:40:16 localhost ntpd[392489]: Listen normally on 4 lo [::1]:123
  15. Jun 21 20:40:16 localhost ntpd[392489]: Listening on routing socket on fd #23 for interface updates
  16. Jun 21 20:40:16 localhost ntpd[392489]: kernel reports TIME_ERROR: 0x41: Clock Unsynchronized
  17. Jun 21 20:40:16 localhost ntpd[392489]: kernel reports TIME_ERROR: 0x41: Clock Unsynchronized
  18. Jun 21 20:40:16 localhost systemd[1]: Started Network Time Service.
 6、检查时间同步情况
  1. [root@localhost chrony]# ntpq -p
  2.      remote           refid      st t when poll reach   delay   offset  jitter
  3. ==============================================================================
  4. +192.168.188.66   .GPS.            1 u   11   64   77    1.705  +15.730  12.199
  5. *192.168.188.74   .GPS.            1 u    8   64   77    1.670  +16.038  12.284

 发现ntpd能够正常跟踪一级GPS时间服务器，相关数据显示正常。

7、使能ntpd让其开机启动
  1. [root@localhost chrony]# systemctl enable ntpd
  2. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ntpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service.
8、通过网内其它主机进行时间同步测试

其它主机chronyd将时间服务器设置为二级服务器192.168.168.33进行同步测试

  1. [root@localhost2 ~]# chronyc sources -v
  2.  
  3.   .-- Source mode  '^' = server, '=' = peer, '#' = local clock.
  4.  / .- Source state '*' = current best, '+' = combined, '-' = not combined,
  5. | /             'x' = may be in error, '~' = too variable, '?' = unusable.
  6. ||                                                 .- xxxx [ yyyy ] +/- zzzz
  7. ||      Reachability register (octal) -.           |  xxxx = adjusted offset,
  8. ||      Log2(Polling interval) --.      |          |  yyyy = measured offset,
  9. ||                                \     |          |  zzzz = estimated error.
  10. ||                                 |    |           \
  11. MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample               
  12. ===============================================================================
  13. ^* 192.168.168.33                  2   6   377    17  -4658us[-7129us] +/-   11ms

可以看到，能正确获取到时间，且显示二级服务器192.168.168.33处于第二层。

9、检查时间获取情况
  1. [root@localhost2 ~]#  chronyc tracking -v
  2. Reference ID    : 0AE31121 (192.168.168.33)
  3. Stratum         : 3
  4. Ref time (UTC)  : Fri Jun 21 14:13:29 2024
  5. System time     : 0.000004623 seconds fast of NTP time
  6. Last offset     : +0.000003086 seconds
  7. RMS offset      : 0.000103144 seconds
  8. Frequency       : 16.338 ppm slow
  9. Residual freq   : +0.001 ppm
  10. Skew            : 0.072 ppm
  11. Root delay      : 0.001930163 seconds
  12. Root dispersion : 0.007009792 seconds
  13. Update interval : 64.7 seconds
  14. Leap status     : Normal
10、用时间同步检查工具检查

可以看到 二级服务器192.168.168.33是从一级时间服务器192.168.188.74获取的时间，与“ntpq -p”检查结果一致，确认二级时间服务器自动同步GPS时间服务器并进行分发的配置ok,运行完成正常。

四、问题分析

网络中的GPS一级时间服务器启用时间较早，估计使用了较早的时间协议。chronyd对比ntpd能更快地且更准确地同步系统时钟，但ntp更多的NTP运行协议，它支持RFC 5905的所有操作模式，包括广播、多播和manycast服务器/客户端，它还支持自动密钥协议（RFC 5906）来使用公钥加密对服务器进行身份验证，因此本例可能就是因为chronyd不能完全支持GPS一级时间服务器的NTP协议，而使用ntpd则能较好地运行。

附：本文中相关配置详解见《ntpd和chronyd时间服务器配置样例及详解》

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