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Linux下安装python 2.7_linux 安装python2.7

作者：Guff_9hys | 2024-07-30 19:16:27

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linux 安装python2.7

安装依赖的库

 yum -y install python-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc sqlite sqlite-devel mysql-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel

Python

**================================================= **

下载python 2.7.13

www.python.org

  1. [root@server2 ~]# mkdir /software
  2.  
  3. [root@server2 ~]# cd /software/
  4.  
  5. [root@server2 software]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.13/Python-2.7.13.tgz
  6.  
  7. [root@server2 software]# ll
  8.  
  9. 总用量 36852
  10.  
  11. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17076672 12月 18 04:21 Python-2.7.13.tgz
  12.  
  13. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20656090 1月  17 16:07 Python-3.5.3.tgz

解压文件

[root@server2 software]# tar -zxf Python-2.7.13.tgz

进入目录

[root@server2 software]# cd Python-2.7.13

编译安装

  1. [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7 --with-threads --enable-shared
  2.  
  3. [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# make && make altinstall

备份旧python相关命令

  1. ​
  2. ===> 有些版本/usr/bin/目录下不存在pip 忽略下面第一行命令即可
  3.  
  4. [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip_old 
  5.  
  6. [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# mv /usr/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install_old
  7.  
  8. [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_old

新版本python命令做软连接，快捷使用

  1. [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib
  2.  
  3. [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib
  4.  
  5. [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
  6.  
  7. [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib64
  8.  
  9. [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib64

测试python是否可以正常使用

  1. [root@server2 ~]# python
  2.  
  3. Python 2.7.13 (default, Apr 11 2017, 11:14:36)
  4.  
  5. [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)] on linux2
  6.  
  7. Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
  8.  
  9. >>>

安装pip

下载最新版的pip，然后安装

  1. [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# cd /software/
  2.  
  3. [root@server2 software]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
  4.  
  5. [root@server2 software]# python get-pip.py

查找pip的位置

  1. [root@server2 software]# find / -name pip
  2.  
  3. /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip

找到pip2.7的路径，为其创建软链作为系统默认的启动版本

[root@server2 software]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip

测试pip是否可用

  1. [root@server2 software]# pip install Pillow
  2.  
  3. Collecting Pillow
  4.  
  5.   Downloading Pillow-4.1.0-cp27-cp27m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (5.7MB)
  6.  
  7.     100% |████████████████████████████████| 5.7MB 129kB/s
  8.  
  9. Collecting olefile (from Pillow)
  10.  
  11.   Downloading olefile-0.44.zip (74kB)
  12.  
  13.     100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 541kB/s
  14.  
  15. Building wheels for collected packages: olefile
  16.  
  17.   Running setup.py bdist_wheel for olefile ... done
  18.  
  19.   Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/20/58/49/cc7bd00345397059149a10b0259ef38b867935ea2ecff99a9b
  20.  
  21. Successfully built olefile
  22.  
  23. Installing collected packages: olefile, Pillow
  24.  
  25. Successfully installed Pillow-4.1.0 olefile-0.44

安装easy_install

下载最新版的easy_install，然后安装

  1. [root@server2 software]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py
  2.  
  3. [root@server2 software]# python ez_setup.py

找到easy_install的路径，为其创建软链作为系统默认的启动版本

[root@server2 software]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install

测试easy_install是否可用

  1. [root@server2 software]# easy_install beautifulsoup4
  2.  
  3. Searching for beautifulsoup4
  4.  
  5. Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/beautifulsoup4/
  6.  
  7. Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/9b/a5/c6fa2d08e6c671103f9508816588e0fb9cec40444e8e72993f3d4c325936/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3.tar.gz#md5=937e0df0d699a1237646f38fd567f0c6
  8.  
  9. Best match: beautifulsoup4 4.5.3
  10.  
  11. Processing beautifulsoup4-4.5.3.tar.gz
  12.  
  13. Writing /tmp/easy_install-OSpCW5/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3/setup.cfg
  14.  
  15. Running beautifulsoup4-4.5.3/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-OSpCW5/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3/egg-dist-tmp-m3PXo5
  16.  
  17. zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
  18.  
  19. Moving beautifulsoup4-4.5.3-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages
  20.  
  21. Adding beautifulsoup4 4.5.3 to easy-install.pth file
  22.  
  23.  
  24.  
  25. Installed /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3-py2.7.egg
  26.  
  27. Processing dependencies for beautifulsoup4
  28.  
  29. Finished processing dependencies for beautifulsoup4

yum 安装工具只支持系统自带的python版本， 修改配置文件使其可正常使用

查看原版本python

  1. [root@server2 software]# ll /usr/bin/python*
  2.  
  3. lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   34 4月  11 11:20 /usr/bin/python -> /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7
  4.  
  5. lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    6 2月  15 14:33 /usr/bin/python2 -> python
  6.  
  7. -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 9032 8月  18 2016 /usr/bin/python2.6  ==> 这个就是系统自带的python
  8.  
  9. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1418 8月  18 2016 /usr/bin/python2.6-config
  10.  
  11. lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   16 4月  11 10:47 /usr/bin/python-config -> python2.6-config
  12.  
  13. -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 9032 8月  18 2016 /usr/bin/python_old

修改配置文件 /usr/bin/yum

#!/usr/bin/python  ===>  修改为  #!/usr/bin/python2.6

测试yum是否可用

  1. [root@server2 software]# yum -y install python-devel
  2.  
  3. 已加载插件：fastestmirror, security
  4.  
  5. 设置安装进程
  6.  
  7. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  8.  
  9.  * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
  10.  
  11. 包 python-devel-2.6.6-66.el6_8.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
  12.  
  13. 无须任何处理

好了，大功告成。
 

优化

编写一键安装python2.7的脚本

由于Centos 6.x的系统默认都是python2.6 ，如果服务器需要用2.7环境的话每台都得手动操作升级，工作量比较大， 编写脚本提升效率。（Centos 7.x版本的默认的python都是2.7.5版本）

创建用于存放python脚本的目录

  1. [root@server2 software]# mkdir /script/python/
  2.  
  3. [root@server2 software]# cd /script/python/

开始编写脚本 install_py27.sh

  1. #!/bin/sh
  2.  
  3. # __author__ = 'junxi'
  4.  
  5.  
  6. # This script is used by fast installed python2.7 ......
  7.  
  8. # write by 2017/04/11
  9.  
  10.  
  11. echo "##############start run install for python2.7 script############"
  12.  
  13. yum -y install python-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc sqlite sqlite-devel mysql-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel
  14.  
  15. mkdir /software
  16.  
  17. mv Python-2.7.13.tgz /software
  18.  
  19. cd /software
  20.  
  21. tar -zxf Python-2.7.13.tgz
  22.  
  23. cd Python-2.7.13/
  24.  
  25. ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7 --with-threads --enable-shared
  26.  
  27. make
  28.  
  29. make altinstall
  30.  
  31. mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip_old
  32.  
  33. mv /usr/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install_old
  34.  
  35. mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_old
  36.  
  37. ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib
  38.  
  39. ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib
  40.  
  41. ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
  42.  
  43. ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib64
  44.  
  45. ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib64
  46.  
  47. cd /software
  48.  
  49. wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
  50.  
  51. python get-pip.py
  52.  
  53. ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip
  54.  
  55. echo "############更换pip源为国内淘宝源##########"
  56.  
  57. mkdir /root/.pip/
  58.  
  59. touch /root/.pip/pip.conf
  60.  
  61. cat >> /root/.pip/pip.conf << EOF
  63. [global]
  64.  
  65. index-url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
  66.  
  67.  
  68.  
  69. [install]
  70.  
  71. trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com
  72.  
  73. EOF
  74.  
  75.  
  76.  
  77. pip install Pillow
  78.  
  79. sed -i 's#\/usr/bin/python#\/usr/bin/python2.6#g' /usr/bin/yum
  80.  
  81. yum -y install python-devel
  82.  
  83. echo 'the install script is the end......'

把Python-2.7.13.tgz文件和install_py27.sh脚本下载下来，放在同一个目录下：
运行下面命令进行安装

/bin/sh install_py27.sh

安装完成后执行python查看版本

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