赞
踩
前天在群里聊天时,有同学说 Appium 官方支持自动下载兼容的浏览器驱动,想来Selenium也有类似的方法,于是在网上搜索一番。参考了Medium上一篇文章的方法,对相关步骤进行改进,增加了对多浏览器的支持。
首先,先想好大致上的几个步骤
接下来就是撸起袖子开干
定义好目录结构
|— config
|— mapping.json: 浏览器驱动配置信息
|— driver: 存放浏览器驱动
|— utils
|— driver_util.py: 封装的工具包
|— test_search.py: 测试脚本
导入第三方库,定义好路径名称等常量
- import json
- import os
- import zipfile
- import shutil
- import requests
- import pathlib
- from win32com import client as win_client
-
-
- # 工作目录(当前路径调试时需加上.parent)
- BASE_DIR = str(pathlib.Path.cwd())
- # BASE_DIR = str(pathlib.Path.cwd().parent)
-
- CHROME_DRIVER_BASE_URL = "https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com"
- EDGE_DRIVER_BASE_URL = "https://msedgedriver.azureedge.net"
- CHROME_DRIVER_ZIP = "chromedriver_win32.zip"
- EDGE_DRIVER_ZIP = "edgedriver_win64.zip"
- CHROME_DRIVER = "chromedriver.exe"
- EDGE_DRIVER = "msedgedriver.exe"
-
- BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR = str(pathlib.PurePath(BASE_DIR, "driver"))
- DRIVER_MAPPING_FILE = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "config", "mapping.json")
Chrome 浏览器有些小版本没有对应版本号的浏览器驱动,需要借助 Query API 查询对应大版本LATEST RELEASE版本,再根据查询对应的浏览器驱动
新版Edge 浏览器每个版本号官网都有对应的驱动下载
- Latest Version API
- https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE_{version}Download Chrome Driver
- API
- https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/{version}/chromedriver_win32.zip
- https://msedgedriver.azureedge.net/{version}/edgedriver_win64.zip
代码如下
- def get_browser_version(file_path):
- """
- 获取浏览器版本
- :param file_path: 浏览器文件路径
- :return: 浏览器大版本号
- """
- # 判断路径文件是否存在
- if not os.path.isfile(file_path):
- raise FileNotFoundError(f"{file_path} is not found.")
- win_obj = win_client.Dispatch('Scripting.FileSystemObject')
- version = win_obj.GetFileVersion(file_path)
-
- return version.strip()
-
-
- def get_browser_major_version(file_path):
- """
- 获取浏览器大版本号
- :param file_path: 浏览器文件路径
- :return: 浏览器大版本号
- """
- browser_ver = get_browser_version(file_path)
- browser_major_ver = browser_ver.split(".")[0]
-
- return browser_major_ver
-
-
- def get_latest_browser_version(browser_major_ver):
- """
- 获取匹配大版本的最新release版本
- :param browser_major_ver: 浏览器大版本号
- :return: 最新release版本号
- """
- latest_api = f"{CHROME_DRIVER_BASE_URL}/LATEST_RELEASE_{browser_major_ver}"
- resp = requests.get(latest_api)
- latest_driver_version = resp.text.strip()
-
- return latest_driver_version
- def download_browser_driver(latest_driver_version, browser_name):
- """
- 下载浏览器驱动压缩包
- :param browser_name: 浏览器名称
- :param latest_driver_version: 浏览器的版本号
- """
- download_api = None
- if browser_name == "Chrome":
- download_api = f"{CHROME_DRIVER_BASE_URL}/{latest_driver_version}/{CHROME_DRIVER_ZIP}"
- elif browser_name == "Edge":
- download_api = f"{EDGE_DRIVER_BASE_URL}/{latest_driver_version}/{EDGE_DRIVER_ZIP}"
-
- download_dir = os.path.join(str(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR), os.path.basename(download_api))
- # 下载,设置超时时间20s
- resp = requests.get(download_api, stream=True, timeout=20)
-
- if resp.status_code == 200:
- with open(download_dir, 'wb') as fo:
- fo.write(resp.content)
- else:
- raise Exception("Download chrome driver failed")
解压后将原压缩包删除
- def unzip_driver(browser_major_ver, browser_name):
- """
- 解压驱动压缩包
- :param browser_name: 浏览器名称
- :param browser_major_ver: 浏览器大版本号
- :return: 驱动文件路径
- """
- file_path = None
- driver_path = None
-
- if browser_name == "Chrome":
- file_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, os.path.basename(CHROME_DRIVER_ZIP))
- driver_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, browser_major_ver, CHROME_DRIVER)
- elif browser_name == "Edge":
- file_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, os.path.basename(EDGE_DRIVER_ZIP))
- driver_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, browser_major_ver, EDGE_DRIVER)
- browser_driver_dir = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, browser_major_ver)
-
- # 解压到指定目录
- with zipfile.ZipFile(file_path, 'r') as zip_ref:
- zip_ref.extractall(browser_driver_dir)
-
- return driver_path
-
-
- def remove_driver_zip(browser_name):
- """
- 删除下载的驱动压缩包
- :param browser_name: 浏览器名称
- """
- file_path = None
- if browser_name == "Chrome":
- file_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, os.path.basename(CHROME_DRIVER_ZIP))
- elif browser_name == "Edge":
- file_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, os.path.basename(EDGE_DRIVER_ZIP))
- os.remove(file_path)
- def read_driver_mapping_json():
- """
- 读取 mapping_json
- :return: 字典格式
- """
- if os.path.exists(DRIVER_MAPPING_FILE):
- with open(DRIVER_MAPPING_FILE) as fo:
- try:
- driver_mapping_dict = json.load(fo)
- # mapping.json内容为空时,返回空字典
- except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError:
- driver_mapping_dict = {}
- else:
- raise FileNotFoundError(f"{DRIVER_MAPPING_FILE} is not found")
-
- return driver_mapping_dict
-
-
- def write_driver_mapping_json(browser_major_ver, latest_driver_version, driver_path, browser_name):
- """
- 写入 mapping_json
- :param browser_major_ver: 浏览器大版本号
- :param latest_driver_version: 浏览器驱动版本号
- :param driver_path: 驱动存放路径
- :param browser_name: 浏览器名称
- """
- mapping_dict = read_driver_mapping_json()
- # 版本号在dict中(浏览器名不在dict中)
- if browser_major_ver in mapping_dict:
-
- mapping_dict[browser_major_ver][browser_name] = {
- "driver_path": driver_path,
- "driver_version": latest_driver_version
- }
- # 大版本号不在dict中,且字典不为空
- elif browser_major_ver not in mapping_dict and mapping_dict:
- mapping_dict[browser_major_ver] = {
- browser_name:
- {
- "driver_path": driver_path,
- "driver_version": latest_driver_version
- }
- }
- # 字典为空
- else:
- mapping_dict = {
- browser_major_ver:
- {
- browser_name:
- {
- "driver_path": driver_path,
- "driver_version": latest_driver_version
- }
- }
- }
- mapping_dict.update(mapping_dict)
-
- with open(DRIVER_MAPPING_FILE, 'w') as fo:
- json.dump(mapping_dict, fo)
将以上步骤整合到automatic_discover_driver函数中,通过调用该函数返回浏览器驱动路径
- def automatic_discover_driver(browser_path, browser_name="Chrome"):
- """
- 侦测浏览器驱动是否在mapping.json有记录,否则下载该驱动
- :param browser_path: 浏览器路径
- :param browser_name: 浏览器名称
- """
- browser_maj_ver = get_browser_major_version(browser_path)
- # Chrome需要获取大版本号对应的latest release version
- # Edge 可直接用当前浏览器版本号
- if browser_name == "Chrome":
- latest_browser_ver = get_latest_browser_version(browser_maj_ver)
- elif browser_name == "Edge":
- latest_browser_ver = get_browser_version(browser_path)
- else:
- raise Exception(f"{browser_name} is not found")
-
- # 读取mapping.json内容
- mapping_dict = read_driver_mapping_json()
-
- # json为空 或版本号不在mapping_dict中 或浏览器名不在mapping_dict中
- if not mapping_dict or \
- browser_maj_ver not in mapping_dict or \
- browser_name not in mapping_dict[browser_maj_ver]:
-
- # 下载浏览器驱动压缩包
- download_browser_driver(latest_browser_ver, browser_name)
- # 解压浏览器驱动压缩包,并返回驱动路径
- driver_path = unzip_driver(browser_maj_ver, browser_name)
- # 将浏览器大版本号、浏览器名、驱动路径、对应的浏览器版本号信息写入到mapping.json中
- write_driver_mapping_json(browser_maj_ver, latest_browser_ver, driver_path, browser_name)
-
- # 删除浏览器驱动压缩包
- remove_driver_zip(browser_name)
-
- # 返回浏览器驱动的路径
- mapping_dict = read_driver_mapping_json()
- return mapping_dict[browser_maj_ver][browser_name]["driver_path"]
创建一个test_search.py文件验证是否可以自动下载对应的浏览器驱动
- import pytest
- from time import sleep
- from selenium import webdriver
- from utils.driver_util import automatic_discover_driver as automatic
-
-
- class TestSearch:
- _CHROME_PATH = r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"
- _EDGE_PATH = r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe"
- _browser = "Edge"
-
- def setup(self):
- driver_path = automatic(self._EDGE_PATH, self._browser)
- if self._browser == "Chrome":
- self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(driver_path)
- elif self._browser == "Edge":
- self.driver = webdriver.Edge(driver_path)
-
- def teardown(self):
- self.driver.close()
- self.driver.quit()
-
- def test_search_bing(self):
- self.driver.get("https://cn.bing.com/")
- self.driver.find_element_by_id("sb_form_q").send_keys("selenium")
- self.driver.find_element_by_id("sb_go_par").click()
- sleep(3)
-
-
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- pytest.main()
实测,成功打开浏览器!
最后: 为了回馈铁杆粉丝们,我给大家整理了完整的软件测试视频学习教程,朋友们如果需要可以自行免费领取 【保证100%免费】
软件测试面试文档
我们学习必然是为了找到高薪的工作,下面这些面试题是来自阿里、腾讯、字节等一线互联网大厂最新的面试资料,并且有字节大佬给出了权威的解答,刷完这一套面试资料相信大家都能找到满意的工作。
Copyright © 2003-2013 www.wpsshop.cn 版权所有,并保留所有权利。