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gitlab+jenkins之环境搭建

作者：IT小白 | 2024-02-22 14:48:29

踩

mojave 安装 jenkins

文中用到的安装包都已经上传到百度网盘，下载地址在文章底部(还没传...)

前置条件：

为了节约配置时间，在正式配置前，应该先做好如下准备：

　　首先先把整个流程仔仔细细的看３遍，确认对配置整体的流程，配置时要注意点都有一个大概的印象。起码知道配置到这一步时，应该注意哪些点。切忌一上来就照着博客配置，这样非常容易掉进各种奇葩的坑里。

　　然后确认你需要的硬件配置是否都到位了，账号权限等需要和他人对接才能有结果的事，最好也在正式配置前搞定。比如我这次配置到一半的时候，代码仓库迁移了，于是又找配管开账号，配权限，耽误了不少时间，也浪费时间和精力

　　最后，做好会遇到各种奇葩问题的心理准备，遇到问题别惊慌，仔细分析错误提示，参阅网上一些前辈分享的经验，问题总能得到解决的。

安装JDK

　　在官网下载完成后点击安装包:jdk-8u191-macosx-x64.dmg，

　　按提示即可完成安装。并不需要特别配置环境变量，安装完成后，环境变量自动配置好了。在命令行敲javac 和 java -version进行验证

　　验证javac

　　验证java -version

打开Finder,可以在下图所示的路径中找到安装好的jdk-11.0.2.jdk:

其中Contents下的Home文件夹，是该JDK的根目录

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-11.0.2.jdk/Contents/Home

其中：

　　bin目录下存放JDK用于开发的一些终端命令工具。常见的工具如：

　　“javac”的作用是将java源文件编译为class文件(即自解码文件)；

　　“java”命令的作用是运行class文件。

　　db目录下是java开发的一个开源的关系型数据库；

　　include目录下是一些C语言的头文件；

　　jre目录下JDK所依赖的java运行时；

　　lib目录下存放JDK开发工具所依赖的一些库文件；

　　man目录下存放JDK开发工具的说明文档。

安装tomcat

- 下载Tomcat
打开https://tomcat.apache.org下载Tomcat。

可以选zip或者tar.gz文件下载。我下载的是zip文件

将下载好的文件解压，改成Tomcat8文件夹，放入～/Library/中。

启动Tomcat
切换当前目录到～/Library/Tomcat/bin。

cd ~/Library/Tomcat/bin

运行：

./startup.sh

出现权限错误：

Permission denied

更改文件读写权限：

sudo chmod 755 *.sh

再次运行：

./startup.sh

出现Tomcat started即表示启动成功

Using CATALINA_BASE: /Users/****/Library/Tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /Users/****/Library/Tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /Users/****/Library/Tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_171.jdk/Contents/Home
Using CLASSPATH: /Users/****/Library/Tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/Users/****/Library/Tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

此时，可以测试是否安装完成：

在浏览器中，打开：http://localhost:8080/。出现如下图网站即安装成功

- 关闭Tomcat

./shutdown.sh

设置tomcat开机自启动

1.到/Library/LaunchDaemons这个目录下使用 sudo touch tomcat.plist 新增tomcat.plist, 这个指令会要求输入管理员密码（如果已经sudo su切换到root用户，则不需要）

sh-3.2# touch tomcat.plist

新建文件后的目录结构如图：

sh-3.2# ls
com.oracle.java.Helper-Tool.plist    tomcat.plist

2.使用nano tomcat.plist , 编辑tomcat.plist, 內容如下:

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 
 3 <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
 4 
 5 <plist version="1.0">
 6 
 7 <dict>
 8 
 9 <key>Disabled</key>
10 
11 <false/>
12 
13 <key>UserName</key>
14 
15 <string>mac用户名</string>
16 
17 <key>Label</key>
18 
19 <string>tomcat</string>
20 
21 <key>KeepAlive</key>
22 
23 <dict>
24 
25 <key>NetworkState</key>
26 
27 <true/>
28 
29 </dict>
30 
31 <key>ProgramArguments</key>
32 
33 <array>
34 
35 <string>tomcat路径/bin/catalina.sh</string>
36 
37 <string>run</string>
38 
39 </array>
40 
41 <key>EnvironmentVariables</key>
42 
43 <dict>
44 
45 <key>JAVA_HOME</key>
46 
47 <string>java_home路径</string>
48 
49 </dict>
50 
51 <key>RunAtLoad</key>
52 
53 <true/>
54 
55 <key>StandardOutPath</key>
56 
57 <string>/Library/Tomcat8/logs/launchd.stdout</string>
58 
59 <key>StandardErrorPath</key>
60 
61 <string>/Library/Tomcat8/logs/launchd.stderr</string>
62 
63 </dict>
64 
65 </plist>

3.注意：

以上自行修改成tomcat的配置

其中java_home路径可以通过该命令得到：

/usr/libexec/java_home

4.手动测试Launchd , 启动指令为

launchctl load tomcat.plist

5.若打开浏览器输入http://localhost:8080,展示熟悉的界面，启动成功

6.重新启动机器，打开浏览器输入http://localhost:8080，则说明设置tomcat开机启动成功

先留个问号，为什么每次启动tomcat就会出现这个java的图标呢？

参照：

https://blog.csdn.net/feibozhulang/article/details/43735177

https://blog.csdn.net/natejeams/article/details/60869521

安装jenkins.war

下载jenkins.war包

将jenkins.war包放于tomcat的webapps目录下

命令行的目录是：

/Library/Tomcat8/webapps

由于之前已经配置了tomcat开机自启动，这里直接打开浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/jenkins即可进入jenkins配置页面。

如果没有配置tomcat开机自启动，则可以手动到tomcat的安装目录，先启动tomcat。详情可以参照之前写的文章：Mac os安装tomcat并配置开机自启动

接下来就开始配置jenkins，jenkins的配置，参照这一篇文章即可:MAC 安装jenkins

里程碑

tomcat+jenkins搭建完成:

安装homebrew

homebrew是macOS 缺失的软件包的管理器

安装homebrew

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

Homebrew 能干什么?

使用 Homebrew 安装 Apple 没有预装但你需要的东西。

$ brew install wget

Homebrew 会将软件包安装到独立目录，并将其文件软链接至 /usr/local 。

1 $ cd /usr/local
2 $ find Cellar
3 Cellar/wget/1.16.1
4 Cellar/wget/1.16.1/bin/wget
5 Cellar/wget/1.16.1/share/man/man1/wget.1
6 
7 $ ls -l bin
8 bin/wget -> ../Cellar/wget/1.16.1/bin/wget

Homebrew 不会将文件安装到它本身目录之外，所以您可将 Homebrew 安装到任意位置。

安装python3运行环境

https://www.cnblogs.com/meng1314-shuai/p/9031686.html

安装前先homebrew搜索一下是否已经存在python3的包：

brew search python3

如图：

已经存在，我们可以直接安装了：

brew install python3

开始安装：

安装成功：

  1 Mac mini:~ wangju$  brew install python3
  2 ==> Installing dependencies for python: gdbm, openssl, readline, sqlite and xz
  3 ==> Installing python dependency: gdbm
  4 ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/gdbm-1.18.1.mojave.bottle.1
  5 ######################################################################## 100.0%
  6 ==> Pouring gdbm-1.18.1.mojave.bottle.1.tar.gz
  7 ?  /usr/local/Cellar/gdbm/1.18.1: 20 files, 586.8KB
  8 ==> Installing python dependency: openssl
  9 ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/openssl-1.0.2s.mojave.bottl
 10 ==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/c4/c4a762d719c2be74ac686f1aafabb
 11 ######################################################################## 100.0%
 12 ==> Pouring openssl-1.0.2s.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
 13 ==> Caveats
 14 A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the SystemRoots
 15 keychain. To add additional certificates (e.g. the certificates added in
 16 the System keychain), place .pem files in
 17   /usr/local/etc/openssl/certs
 18 
 19 and run
 20   /usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash
 21 
 22 openssl is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
 23 because Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries.
 24 
 25 If you need to have openssl first in your PATH run:
 26   echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
 27 
 28 For compilers to find openssl you may need to set:
 29   export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
 30   export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"
 31 
 32 ==> Summary
 33 ?  /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2s: 1,795 files, 12.0MB
 34 ==> Installing python dependency: readline
 35 ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/readline-8.0.0_1.mojave.bot
 36 ==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/fa/faab004773e6449dd97971311cb62
 37 ######################################################################## 100.0%
 38 ==> Pouring readline-8.0.0_1.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
 39 ==> Caveats
 40 readline is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
 41 because macOS provides the BSD libedit library, which shadows libreadline.
 42 In order to prevent conflicts when programs look for libreadline we are
 43 defaulting this GNU Readline installation to keg-only.
 44 
 45 For compilers to find readline you may need to set:
 46   export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib"
 47   export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/readline/include"
 48 
 49 ==> Summary
 50 ?  /usr/local/Cellar/readline/8.0.0_1: 48 files, 1.5MB
 51 ==> Installing python dependency: sqlite
 52 ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/sqlite-3.29.0.mojave.bottle
 53 ==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/5f/5f2f8f36a8d13733b0374ac39bdcd
 54 ######################################################################## 100.0%
 55 ==> Pouring sqlite-3.29.0.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
 56 ==> Caveats
 57 sqlite is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
 58 because macOS provides an older sqlite3.
 59 
 60 If you need to have sqlite first in your PATH run:
 61   echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/sqlite/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
 62 
 63 For compilers to find sqlite you may need to set:
 64   export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib"
 65   export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/sqlite/include"
 66 
 67 ==> Summary
 68 ?  /usr/local/Cellar/sqlite/3.29.0: 11 files, 3.9MB
 69 ==> Installing python dependency: xz
 70 ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/xz-5.2.4.mojave.bottle.tar.
 71 ==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/01/010667293df282c8bceede3bcd369
 72 ######################################################################## 100.0%
 73 ==> Pouring xz-5.2.4.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
 74 ?  /usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.4: 92 files, 1MB
 75 ==> Installing python
 76 ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/python-3.7.4.mojave.bottle.
 77 ==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/81/81fc6e5914a16387bd09387ce08e9
 78 ######################################################################## 100.0%
 79 ==> Pouring python-3.7.4.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
 80 ==> /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.4/bin/python3 -s setup.py --no-user-cfg install
 81 ==> /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.4/bin/python3 -s setup.py --no-user-cfg install
 82 ==> /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.4/bin/python3 -s setup.py --no-user-cfg install
 83 ==> Caveats
 84 Python has been installed as
 85   /usr/local/bin/python3
 86 
 87 Unversioned symlinks `python`, `python-config`, `pip` etc. pointing to
 88 `python3`, `python3-config`, `pip3` etc., respectively, have been installed into
 89   /usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin
 90 
 91 If you need Homebrew's Python 2.7 run
 92   brew install python@2
 93 
 94 You can install Python packages with
 95   pip3 install <package>
 96 They will install into the site-package directory
 97   /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages
 98 
 99 See: https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-and-Python
100 ==> Summary
101 ?  /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.4: 3,865 files, 60MB
102 ==> Caveats
103 ==> openssl
104 A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the SystemRoots
105 keychain. To add additional certificates (e.g. the certificates added in
106 the System keychain), place .pem files in
107   /usr/local/etc/openssl/certs
108 
109 and run
110   /usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash
111 
112 openssl is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
113 because Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries.
114 
115 If you need to have openssl first in your PATH run:
116   echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
117 
118 For compilers to find openssl you may need to set:
119   export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
120   export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"
121 
122 ==> readline
123 readline is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
124 because macOS provides the BSD libedit library, which shadows libreadline.
125 In order to prevent conflicts when programs look for libreadline we are
126 defaulting this GNU Readline installation to keg-only.
127 
128 For compilers to find readline you may need to set:
129   export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib"
130   export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/readline/include"
131 
132 ==> sqlite
133 sqlite is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
134 because macOS provides an older sqlite3.
135 
136 If you need to have sqlite first in your PATH run:
137   echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/sqlite/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
138 
139 For compilers to find sqlite you may need to set:
140   export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib"
141   export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/sqlite/include"
142 
143 ==> python
144 Python has been installed as
145   /usr/local/bin/python3
146 
147 Unversioned symlinks `python`, `python-config`, `pip` etc. pointing to
148 `python3`, `python3-config`, `pip3` etc., respectively, have been installed into
149   /usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin
150 
151 If you need Homebrew's Python 2.7 run
152   brew install python@2
153 
154 You can install Python packages with
155   pip3 install <package>
156 They will install into the site-package directory
157   /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages

从上面的安装信息我们可以看到python被安装在目录 /usr/local/bin/python3（第144 145行）

输入python3验证python安装成功

参照文档：

https://www.cnblogs.com/meng1314-shuai/p/9031686.html

安装python虚拟环境

virtualenv是一个可以在同一计算机中隔离多个python版本的工具。有时，两个不同的项目可能需要不同版本的python，如 python2.7 / python3.6 ，但是如果都装到一起，经常会导致问题。virtualenv能够用于创建独立的Python虚拟环境，多个Python相互独立，互不影响。
virtualenvwrapper这个软件包可以让我们管理虚拟环境变得更加简单。不用再跑到某个目录下通过virtualenv来创建虚拟环境，并且激活的时候也要跑到具体的目录下去激活。

下面介绍安装python虚拟环境的方法：

使用pip安装包前，先更新pip。

pip3 install --upgrade pip

1. 安装virtualenv、virtualenvwrapper

# pip3 install virtualenv
# pip3 install virtualenvwrapper

2. 进入.bashrc文件中，定义virtualenvwrapper路径

使用nano编辑.bashrc文件

# nano ~/.bashrc

在文末填入以下代码并保存

VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/local/bin/python3 # 指定virtualenvwrapper执行的python版本 
export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs # 指定虚拟环境存放目录，.virtualenvs目录名可自拟 
source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh # virtualenvwrapper.sh所在目录

3. 运行.bashrc文件

# source ~/.bashrc

4. 创建虚拟环境

# mkvirtualenv buildIos

也可指定虚拟环境的python版本

 mkvirtualenv --python=/usr/bin/python3 buildIos

5. 进入虚拟环境中，然后进入到项目所在目录，安装好相应的包（如无需要，可跳过此步）

#  pip install -r requirements.txt

虚拟环境搭建完成！

常见的virtualenvwrapper命令

创建虚拟环境
```
# mkvirtualenv my_env
```
切换到某个虚拟环境
```
# workon my_env
```
退出当前虚拟环境
```
# deactivate
```
删除某个虚拟环境
```
# rmvirtualenv my_env
```
列出所有虚拟环境
```
# lsvirtualenv
```
进入到虚拟环境所在的目录
```
# cdvirtualenv
```

三、异常情况

假如source ~/.bashrc时，提示以下错误

# source ~/.bashrc
>> -bash: /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh: No such file or directory

【原因】
.bashrc文件中的virtualenvwrapper.sh所在目录错误。

【解决方案】
①查找virtualenvwrapper.sh所在目录

# find / -name "virtualenvwrapper.sh"
>> /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

②把.bashrc文件的virtualenvwrapper.sh目录更改为实际所在目录

source /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh    # virtualenvwrapper.sh实际所在目录

假如创建虚拟环境时，提示以下错误

# mkvirtualenv my_env
>> ERROR: virtualenvwrapper could not find virtualenv in your path

【解决方案】
①查找virtualenv所在目录

# find / -name "virtualenv"
>> /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenv

②创建软链接

#  ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenv /usr/local/bin/virtualenv

安装ios开发环境

安装xcode

安装ruby

安装pods

gitlab创建测试仓库，仓库中至少存在2个分支

如果要清除仓库中多余的分支请参照：git删除远程分支

新建分支请参照：Git 分支 - 分支的新建

里程碑：

使用命令行打包

- 第一步
  终端进入.xcworkspace文件目录

cd /Users/5i5j/Desktop/test/HelloWorld

　　第二步：执行构建脚本：

　　　　先简单用3个命令打出，确认命令可以正常执行：

 1 echo -e "============First Build Clean============"
 2 ## 清理缓存
 3 xcodebuild clean -workspace HelloWorld.xcworkspace -scheme HelloWorld  -configuration  Release
 4 
 5 echo -e "============Build Archive============"
 6 ## 导出archive包
 7 xcodebuild archive -workspace HelloWorld.xcworkspace -scheme HelloWorld -archivePath build/HelloWorld.xcarchive  -configuration Release
 8 
 9 echo -e "============Export IPA============"
10 ## 导出IPA包
11 xcodebuild -exportArchive -archivePath build/HelloWorld.xcarchive -exportPath /Users/5i5j/Desktop/test/build/HelloWorld -exportOptionsPlist /Users/5i5j/Desktop/test/build/ExportOptions.plist

配置参数说明：

打包：

语法：xcodebuild -workspace <.xcworkspace文件全称> -scheme <schemeName> -archivePath <编译成功之后产生的.xcarchive文件存放路径> -configuration <编译环境> archive

编译环境：默认就有Debug和Release，当然也有你自己配置的环境

导出ipa包：

语法：xcodebuild -exportArchive -archivePath <.xcarchive文件存放的路径> -exportPath <生成的.ipa包存放的路径> -exportOptionsPlist <.ipa包的配置文件路径>

ExportOptions.plist文件，我们通过xcode打包时就会生成这个文件，可以直接拿该文件来使用。

遇到的问题及解决办法：

tool 'xcodebuild' requires Xcode, but active developer directory '/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools' is a command line tools instance

error: exportArchive: You don’t have permission to save the file “HelloWorld.ipa” in the folder “HelloWorld”.

具体参数的含义参照：https://www.jianshu.com/p/6a0aa8cd2e97

使用python脚本将ipa包上传蒲公英

配置jenkins

自定义构建信息

连接git

使用git parameter管理git仓库

使用shell构建测试包

其它：

如果打包报这个错：jenkins打包ios 报错rror: No signing certificate "iOS Distribution" found: No "iOS Distribution...

个性tomcat的开机启动方式为shell启动，试一试，具体方法：Mac开机自动运行shell脚本

Mac如何显示资源库(Library)

Mac中Library目录是默认隐藏的，要想找到此文件夹有如下几种方法：

1.使用terminal

$ chflags nohidden ~/Library
$ chflags hidden ~/Library(隐藏)

2.在Finder菜单中的偏好设置中设置

在Finder菜单中的偏好设置中选择【边栏】，勾选上设备中的【硬盘】。

再打开Finder，Finder的左边栏会有设备显示，在这里可以找到用户下的资源库也可以找到系统下的资源库文件目录了。

想要隐藏，去掉Finder偏好设置中边栏选项设备中的硬盘勾选

或着直接在Finder的左边栏上设备出悬浮鼠标会出现隐藏，直接隐藏即可。

https://www.jianshu.com/p/f3e19a558b0c

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/kaerxifa/p/11350588.html

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