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参考前文:R绘图笔记 | R语言绘图系统与常见绘图函数及参数
前面介绍了散点图、柱状图、直方图和核密度估计图,有时候散点图不能很直观的看的出数据的分布情况,这里介绍散点图与统计直方图组合绘制。
一.方法1
利用ggpubr包的ggscatterhist()函数进行绘制。
- ggscatterhist(data, x, y, group = NULL, color = "black", fill = NA,
- palette = NULL, shape = 19, size = 2, linetype = "solid",
- bins = 30, margin.plot = c("density", "histogram", "boxplot"),
- margin.params = list(), margin.ggtheme = theme_void(),
- margin.space = FALSE, main.plot.size = 2, margin.plot.size = 1,
- title = NULL, xlab = NULL, ylab = NULL, legend = "top",
- ggtheme = theme_pubr(), ...)
部分参数解释:
data是用于绘图的数据,x和y分别指定数据中的x轴和y轴,group指定一个分组变量,shape指定点的形状【参考:散点图】。
- library(ggpubr)
-
-
- N<-300
- x1 <- rnorm(mean=1.5, N)
- y1 <- rnorm(mean=1.6, N)
- x2 <- rnorm(mean=2.5, N)
- y2 <- rnorm(mean=2.2, N)
-
-
- data1 <- data.frame(x=c(x1,x2),y=c(y1,y2))
- head(data1)
- > head(data1)
- x y
- 1 1.9237124 0.1088482
- 2 3.1930833 1.8434623
- 3 3.4372797 1.9396251
- 4 -0.1662552 1.9320601
- 5 1.4886753 0.7804415
- 6 1.7652103 0.4776553
margin.plot = "histogram"指定边缘的图是直方图,margin.params用来指定该图形的参数。看下面代码,比较一下就知道各参数什么意思。
- ggscatterhist(
- data1, x ='x', y = 'y', shape=21,fill="#7FFFD4",color = "black",size = 3, alpha = 1,
- #palette = c("#00AFBB", "#E7B800", "#FC4E07"),
- margin.params = list( fill="red",color = "blue", size = 0.3,alpha=1),
- margin.plot = "histogram",
- legend = c(0.8,0.8),
- ggtheme = theme_minimal())
如果是散点图结合核密度估计图,将margin.plot 设置为 "density",多组数据,fill= "class",参数palette指定填充颜色,看一个案例。
- N<-200
- x1 <- rnorm(mean=1.5, sd=0.5,N)
- y1 <- rnorm(mean=2,sd=0.2, N)
- x2 <- rnorm(mean=2.5,sd=0.5, N)
- y2 <- rnorm(mean=2.5,sd=0.5, N)
- x3 <- rnorm(mean=1, sd=0.3,N)
- y3 <- rnorm(mean=1.5,sd=0.2, N)
- data2 <- data.frame(x=c(x1,x2,x3),y=c(y1,y2,y3),class=rep(c("A","B","C"),each=200))
- > head(data2)
- x y class
- 1 1.9221129 2.139207 A
- 2 2.1656947 1.778408 A
- 3 1.6277478 2.221711 A
- 4 1.1816189 2.006987 A
- 5 1.6467425 1.833635 A
- 6 0.4997666 2.033704 A
- ggscatterhist(
- data2, x ='x', y = 'y', #iris
- shape=21,color ="black",fill= "class", size =3, alpha = 0.8,
- palette = c("#00AFBB", "#E7B800", "#FC4E07"),
- margin.plot = "density",
- margin.params = list(fill = "class", color = "black", size = 0.2),
- legend = c(0.9,0.15),
- ggtheme = theme_minimal())
二.方法2
利用ggExtra包的ggMarginal()函数
- ggMarginal(p, data, x, y, type = c("density", "histogram", "boxplot",
- "violin", "densigram"), margins = c("both", "x", "y"), size = 5, ...,
- xparams = list(), yparams = list(), groupColour = FALSE,
- groupFill = FALSE)
p:添加边缘地块的ggplot2散点图。如果p不提供,则必须提供所有数据,x和y。
data:用于创建边缘地块的数据。框架。如果p被提供并且边缘图反映相同的数据是可选的。
type:要显示什么类型的边缘图。其中之一是[密度,直方图,箱线图,小提琴,密度图(density, histogram, boxplot, violin, densigram)](“密度图”是指密度图覆盖在直方图上)。
- scatter <- ggplot(data=data1,aes(x=x,y=y)) +
- geom_point(shape=21,fill="#00AFBB",color="black",size=3)+
- theme_minimal()+
- theme(
- #text=element_text(size=15,face="plain",color="black"),
- axis.title=element_text(size=15,face="plain",color="black"),
- axis.text = element_text(size=13,face="plain",color="black"),
- legend.text= element_text(size=13,face="plain",color="black"),
- legend.title=element_text(size=12,face="plain",color="black"),
- legend.background=element_blank()
- #legend.position = c(0.12,0.88)
- )
-
-
- ggMarginal(scatter,type="histogram",color="black",fill="#00AFBB")
- scatter <- ggplot(data=data2,aes(x=x,y=y,colour=class,fill=class)) +
- geom_point(aes(fill=class),shape=21,size=3)+#,colour="black")+
- scale_fill_manual(values= c("#00AFBB", "#E7B800", "#FC4E07"))+
- scale_colour_manual(values=c("#00AFBB", "#E7B800", "#FC4E07"))+
- theme_minimal()+
- theme(
- #text=element_text(size=15,face="plain",color="black"),
- axis.title=element_text(size=15,face="plain",color="black"),
- axis.text = element_text(size=13,face="plain",color="black"),
- legend.text= element_text(size=13,face="plain",color="black"),
- legend.title=element_text(size=12,face="plain",color="black"),
- legend.background=element_blank(),
- legend.position = c(0.9,0.15)
- )
- ggMarginal(scatter,type="density",color="black",groupColour = FALSE,groupFill = TRUE)
三.方法3
利用grid.arrange()函数。
library(gridExtra) #(a) 二维散点与统计直方图 # 绘制主图散点图,并将图例去除,这里point层和path层使用了不同的数据集 scatter <- ggplot() + geom_point(data=data1,aes(x=x,y=y),shape=21,color="black",size=3)+ theme_minimal() # 绘制上边的直方图,并将各种标注去除 hist_top <- ggplot()+ geom_histogram(aes(data1$x),colour='black',fill='#00AFBB',binwidth = 0.3)+ theme_minimal()+ theme(panel.background=element_blank(), axis.title.x=element_blank(), axis.title.y=element_blank(), axis.text.x=element_blank(), axis.text.y=element_blank(), axis.ticks=element_blank()) # 同样绘制右边的直方图 hist_right <- ggplot()+ geom_histogram(aes(data1$y),colour='black',fill='#00AFBB',binwidth = 0.3)+ theme_minimal()+ theme(panel.background=element_blank(), axis.title.x=element_blank(), axis.title.y=element_blank(), #axis.text.x=element_blank(), axis.text.y=element_blank(), axis.ticks=element_blank())+ coord_flip() empty <- ggplot() + theme(panel.background=element_blank(), axis.title.x=element_blank(), axis.title.y=element_blank(), axis.text.x=element_blank(), axis.text.y=element_blank(), axis.ticks=element_blank()) # 要由四个图形组合而成,可以用空白图作为右上角的图形也可以,但为了好玩加上了R的logo,这是一种在ggplot中增加jpeg位图的方法 # logo <- read.jpeg("d:\\Rlogo.jpg") # empty <- ggplot(data.frame(x=1:10,y=1:10),aes(x,y))+ # annotation_raster(logo,-Inf, Inf, -Inf, Inf)+ # opts(axis.title.x=theme_blank(), # axis.title.y=theme_blank(), # axis.text.x=theme_blank(), # axis.text.y=theme_blank(), # axis.ticks=theme_blank()) # 最终的组合 grid.arrange(hist_top, empty, scatter, hist_right, ncol=2, nrow=2, widths=c(4,1), heights=c(1,4))
# 绘制主图散点图,并将图例去除,这里point层和path层使用了不同的数据集 scatter <- ggplot() + geom_point(data=data2,aes(x=x,y=y,fill=class),shape=21,color="black",size=3)+ scale_fill_manual(values= c("#00AFBB", "#E7B800", "#FC4E07"))+ theme_minimal()+ theme(legend.position=c(0.9,0.2)) # 绘制上边的直方图,并将各种标注去除 hist_top <- ggplot()+ geom_density(data=data2,aes(x,fill=class),colour='black',alpha=0.7)+ scale_fill_manual(values= c("#00AFBB", "#E7B800", "#FC4E07"))+ theme_void()+ theme(legend.position="none") # 同样绘制右边的直方图 hist_right <- ggplot()+ geom_density(data=data2,aes(y,fill=class),colour='black',alpha=0.7)+ scale_fill_manual(values= c("#00AFBB", "#E7B800", "#FC4E07"))+ theme_void()+ coord_flip()+ theme(legend.position="none") empty <- ggplot() + theme(panel.background=element_blank(), axis.title.x=element_blank(), axis.title.y=element_blank(), axis.text.x=element_blank(), axis.text.y=element_blank(), axis.ticks=element_blank()) # 要由四个图形组合而成,可以用空白图作为右上角的图形也可以,但为了好玩加上了R的logo,这是一种在ggplot中增加jpeg位图的方法 # logo <- read.jpeg("d:\\Rlogo.jpg") # empty <- ggplot(data.frame(x=1:10,y=1:10),aes(x,y))+ # annotation_raster(logo,-Inf, Inf, -Inf, Inf)+ # opts(axis.title.x=theme_blank(), # axis.title.y=theme_blank(), # axis.text.x=theme_blank(), # axis.text.y=theme_blank(), # axis.ticks=theme_blank()) # 最终的组合 grid.arrange(hist_top, empty, scatter, hist_right, ncol=2, nrow=2, widths=c(4,1), heights=c(1,4))
参考资料:
1.R语言数据可视化之美,张杰/著
2.grid.arrange()函数帮助文档
3.ggMarginal()函数帮助文档
4.ggscatterhist()函数帮助文档
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