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latex tikz使用总结_latex tikz node距离

作者：IT小白 | 2024-03-15 01:00:03

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latex tikz node距离

1 绘制流程图

\documentclass[a4paper,UTF8]{article}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}

\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes,chains}


\begin{document}


	\centering
	\begin{figure}
		\scriptsize
		\tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]
		\tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin]
		\tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]
		\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=8mm,
				auto,>=latex',
				thin,
				start chain=going below,
				every join/.style={norm},]
			\node[format] (n0){A};
			\node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};
			\node[format,below of=n1] (n2){C};
			\node[format,below of=n2] (n3){D};
			\node[point,right of=n3] (p0){};
			\node[point,left of=n3] (p1){};
			\node[format,below of=n3] (n4){E};
			\node[format,below of=n4] (n5){F};
			\node[format,right of=n5] (n6){G};
			\node[test,below of=n5] (n7){H};
			\node[point,right of=n7] (p2){};
			\node[format,below of=n7] (n8){I};
			
			\draw[->] (n0.south) -- (n1);
			\draw[->] (n1.south) -- (n2);
			\draw[->] (n2.south) -- (n3);
			\draw[->] (n3.south) -- (n4);
			\draw[->] (n4.south) -- (n5);
			\draw[->] (n5.south) -- (n7);
			\draw[->] (n7.south) to node {Yes} (n8);
			
			\draw[->] (n7.east) to node {No} (p2) |- (n6.south);
			\draw[->] (n6.north) -- (p0) |- (n3.east);
		\end{tikzpicture}
	\end{figure}
\end{document}


        format定义了语句块的颜色、形状和边，test定义了条件块的形状（菱形）和颜色等，point是像素点，用于连接转移线。有时我们会发现条件块的语句太长，可以在定义里指定条件块的宽度，这样编译出来的图形里的文字会自动换行，比如说 

\tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]

        start chain=going below指明了流程图的默认方向，node ditance=8mm则指明了默认的node距离。这些可以在定义node的时候更改，比如说

\node[point,right of=n3,node distance=10mm] (p0){};
        这里声明了node p0，它在node n3 的右边，距离是10mm。

        定义完node之后画线。线可以是实线、虚线、曲线等，也可以带箭头和不带箭头。
        箭头

	\begin{figure}
		\scriptsize
		\tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]
		\tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]
		\tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]
		\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=8mm,
				auto,>=latex',
				thin,
				start chain=going below,
				every join/.style={norm},]
			\node[format] (n0){A};
			\node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};
			\draw[->] (n0.south) -- (n1);
		\end{tikzpicture}
	\end{figure}


        不带箭头

\begin{figure}
		\scriptsize
		\tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]
		\tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]
		\tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]
		\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=8mm,
				auto,>=latex',
				thin,
				start chain=going below,
				every join/.style={norm},]
			\node[format] (n0){A};
			\node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};
			\draw[-] (n0.south) -- (n1);
		\end{tikzpicture}
	\end{figure}


        双箭头和虚线

\begin{figure}
		\scriptsize
		\tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]
		\tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]
		\tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]
		\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=18mm,
				auto,>=latex',
				thin,
				start chain=going below,
				every join/.style={norm},]
			\node[format] (n0){A};
			\node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};
			\node[format,below of=n1](n2){C};
			\draw[<->] (n0.south) -- (n1.north);
			\draw[<-,dashed] (n1.south) -- (n2.north);
		\end{tikzpicture}
	\end{figure}


        带文字的线

  1. \begin{figure}
  2. 		\scriptsize
  3. 		\tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]
  4. 		\tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]
  5. 		\tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]
  6. 		\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=18mm,
  7. 				auto,>=latex',
  8. 				thin,
  9. 				start chain=going below,
  10. 				every join/.style={norm},]
  11. 			\node[format] (n0){A};
  12. 			\node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};
  13. 			\node[format,below of=n1](n2){C};
  14. 			\draw[<-] (n0.south) to node{Yes} (n1.north);
  15. 			\draw[<-,dashed] (n1.south) -- (n2.north);
  16. 		\end{tikzpicture}
  17. 	\end{figure}


        文字总是在箭头方向的右边，如果想让文字在左边可以这样做，

\draw[->] (n1.north) to node{Yes} (n0.south);

        曲线和带颜色的线 

\begin{figure}
		\scriptsize
		\tikzstyle{format}=[rectangle,draw,thin,fill=white]
		\tikzstyle{test}=[diamond,aspect=2,draw,thin,text width=2cm]
		\tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate,on grid,]
		\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=18mm,
				auto,>=latex',
				thin,
				start chain=going below,
				every join/.style={norm},]
			\node[format] (n0){A};
			\node[format,below of=n0] (n1){B};
			\node[format,below of=n1](n2){C};
			\draw[->] (n1.north) to[out=60,in=300] node{Yes} (n0.south);
			\draw[->,draw=red](n2)--(n1);
		\end{tikzpicture}
	\end{figure}



        除了使用below of, right of这些语句指定位置外，我们还可以直接指定node的位置 

\node[format] (n0) at(3,0){A};

2 画故障树 

\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes,chains,shapes.gates.logic.US,trees,positioning}

  1. \begin{figure}
  2. 	\begin{tikzpicture}[
  3. 		and/.style={and gate US,thick,draw,fill=red!60,rotate=90,
  4. 			anchor=east,xshift=-1mm,scale=0.7},
  5.     		or/.style={or gate US,thick,draw,fill=blue!60,rotate=90,
  6. 				anchor=east,xshift=-1mm,scale=0.7},
  7.     		label distance=1mm,
  8.     		every label/.style={blue},
  9.     		event/.style={rectangle,thick,draw,fill=yellow!20,text width=0.5cm,
  10. 			text centered,font=\sffamily,anchor=north},
  11. 		basicEvent/.style={circle,thick,draw,fill=blue!20,text width=0.5cm,
  12. 			text centered,font=\sffamily,anchor=north},
  13.     		edge from parent/.style={very thick,draw=black!70},
  14.     		edge from parent path={(\tikzparentnode.south) -- ++(0,-0.8cm)
  15. 			-| (\tikzchildnode.north)},
  16.     		level 1/.style={sibling distance=7cm,level distance=0.9cm,
  17. 			growth parent anchor=south,nodes=event},
  18.     		level 2/.style={sibling distance=3cm},
  19.     		level 3/.style={sibling distance=2cm},
  20.     		level 4/.style={sibling distance=1cm}
  21.     		]
  22.     
  23. 		\node (g1) [event] {A}
  24. 			child{node (g2) {B}   
  25. 	     			child {node (g3) {C}
  26. 	     		   		child {node (g4) {D}
  27. 	     		      		child {node (t1)[basicEvent] {e0}}
  28. 	     		      		child {node (b2)[basicEvent] {e1}}
  29. 				}
  30. 		   		child {node (g5) {G}
  31. 	     		    	  	child {node (t2)[basicEvent] {e1}}
  32. 	     		    	  	child {node (b3)[basicEvent] {e2}}
  33. 				}
  34. 			}
  35. 			child {node (b1)[basicEvent] {e3}}
  36. 		};
  37.  
  38. 		\node [and] at (g1.south) {};
  39.    		\node [or] at (g2.south) {};
  40.    		\node [and] at (g3.south) {};
  41.    		\node [or] at (g4.south) {};
  42.    		\node [or] at (g5.south) {};
  43. 	
  44. 	\end{tikzpicture}
  45. \end{figure}


        node .. child使用使用树的形式定义故障树，sibling distance=1cm声明了两个兄弟节点的距离，scale=0.7缩放逻辑门。

3 结合beamer

\begin{figure}
		\begin{minipage}[t]{0.68\linewidth}
			\begin{figure}
				\centering
				\footnotesize
				\tikzstyle{serviceA}=[rectangle,draw,ultra thick,fill=blue!40]
				\tikzstyle{serviceB}=[rectangle,draw,ultra thick,fill=blue!10]
				\tikzstyle{db}=[circle,draw,ultra thick,fill=red!20]
				\tikzstyle{dbA}=[circle,draw,ultra thick,fill=blue!40]
				\tikzstyle{dbB}=[circle,draw,ultra thick,fill=blue!10]
				\tikzstyle{explaination}=[]
				\tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate]
				\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=20mm,
							auto,>=latex',
							thin,
							start chain=going below,
							every join/.style={norm},
							invisible/.style={opacity=0},
  							visible on/.style={alt={#1{}{invisible}}},
  							alt/.code args={<#1>#2#3}{%
    							\alt<#1>{\pgfkeysalso{#2}}{\pgfkeysalso{#3}} % \pgfkeysalso doesn't change the path
  						},]
					\node[serviceA] (serviceA) at (0,0) {serviceA};
					\node[explaination,visible on=<1-1>] (s0a) at (-1,0) {$s_0$};
					\node[explaination,visible on=<2-4>] (s1a) at (-1,0) {$s_1$};
					\node[explaination,visible on=<5-5>] (s2a) at (-1,0) {$s_2$};
					\node[explaination,visible on=<6->] (s3a) at (-1,0) {$s_3$};
					\node[serviceB] (serviceB) at (4.5,0) {serviceB};
					\node[explaination,visible on=<1-1>] (s0b) at (5.5,0) {$s_0$};
					\node[explaination,visible on=<2-4>] (s1b) at (5.5,0) {$s_1$};
					\node[explaination,visible on=<5-5>] (s2b) at (5.5,0) {$s_2$};
					\node[explaination,visible on=<6->] (s3b) at (5.5,0) {$s_3$};
					\node[db] (db1) at (0,-4.5) {db1};
					\node[dbA,visible on=<3->] (db1a) at (0,-4.5) {db1};
					\node[explaination,visible on=<1-2>] (s01) at (-1,-4.5) {$s_0$};
					\node[explaination,visible on=<3-3>] (s11) at (-1,-4.5) {$s_1$};
					\node[explaination,visible on=<4->] (s21) at (-1,-4.5) {$s_2$};
					\node[db] (db2) at (4.5,-4.5) {db2};
					\node[dbB,visible on=<3->] (db2b) at (4.5,-4.5) {db2};
					\node[explaination,visible on=<1-2>] (s02) at (5.5,-4.5) {$s_0$};
					\node[explaination,visible on=<3-3>] (s12) at (5.5,-4.5) {$s_3$};
					\node[explaination,visible on=<4->] (s22) at (5.5,-4.5) {$s_4$};
					\node[explaination,visible on=<6->] (error0) at (0.7,-4.5) {$\times$};
					\node[explaination,visible on=<6->] (error1) at (3.8,-4.5) {$\times$};
					\node[point] (errorp0) at (0.7,-4.5) {};
					\node[point] (errorp1) at (3.8,-4.5) {};
					
					\draw[<-,visible on=<2->] (db1.north) to[out=120,in=240] node {1 getA} (serviceA.south);
					\draw[<-,visible on=<4->] (serviceA.south) to node {2 returnA} (db1.north);
					\draw[->,dashed,draw=red,visible on=<6->] (serviceA.south) to[out=0,in=180] node {3 getA} (errorp1);
					\draw[<-,visible on=<2->] (db2.north) to node {1 getB} (serviceB.south);
					\draw[<-,visible on=<4->] (serviceB.south) to[in=60,out=300] node {returnB} (db2.north);
					\draw[->,dashed,draw=red,visible on=<6->] (serviceB.south)  to[out=180,in=0] node {3 getB} (errorp0);
				
				\end{tikzpicture}
			\end{figure}
		\end{minipage}
		\pause
		\begin{minipage}[t]{0.3\linewidth}
			\footnotesize
			\begin{equation*}
				\begin{split}
					serviceB:&s_3\xLongrightarrow{successB} s_4\\
					serviceA:&s_3\xLongrightarrow{successA} s_4\\
					db1:&s_2\xLongrightarrow{clearA} s_0\\
					db2:&s_4\xLongrightarrow{clearB} s_0
				\end{split}
			\end{equation*}
		\end{minipage}
	\end{figure}

tikzpicture环境中加入invisible/.style，visible on/.style，alt/.code args的定义，在node和draw定义里加入visible on=<1-2>表示在slide1到2中显示该元素。

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