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给你链表的头结点 head ,请将其按 升序 排列并返回 排序后的链表 。
进阶:
你可以在 O(n log n) 时间复杂度和常数级空间复杂度下,对链表进行排序吗?
示例 1:
输入:head = [4,2,1,3]
输出:[1,2,3,4]
示例 2:
输入:head = [-1,5,3,4,0]
输出:[-1,0,3,4,5]
示例 3:
输入:head = []
输出:[]
1.自己的做法:利用一个辅助空间优先队列,可以按顺序存储链表中每个节点,然后再按序把队列中的节点取出拼接成一个新链表。
- /**
- * Definition for singly-linked list.
- * public class ListNode {
- * int val;
- * ListNode next;
- * ListNode() {}
- * ListNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
- * ListNode(int val, ListNode next) { this.val = val; this.next = next; }
- * }
- */
- class Solution {
- public ListNode sortList(ListNode head) {
- if(head == null){
- return null;
- }
- //用一个优先队列,进行排序
- PriorityQueue<ListNode> pq = new PriorityQueue<>(new Comparator<ListNode>(){
- public int compare(ListNode node1,ListNode node2){
- return node1.val - node2.val;
- }
- });
- //将链表中的元素按照顺序加入优先队列
- while(head != null){
- pq.offer(head);
- head = head.next;
- }
-
- ListNode pHead = new ListNode(0);//标兵头节点
- ListNode pNode = pHead;
- while(!pq.isEmpty()){//将优先队列中的节点按序拼接成链表
- pNode.next = pq.poll();
- pNode = pNode.next;
- }
- pNode.next = null;
-
- return pHead.next;
- }
- }
2.进阶:对链表的排序要想到归并排序。
①自顶向下归并排序。先不断地将链表从中间开始拆分,然后再两两合并。利用递归实现。
两两拼接有序数组,参考力扣题21合并两个有序链表_xxyneymar的博客-CSDN博客
- class Solution {
- public ListNode sortList(ListNode head) {
- return sortList(head,null);
- }
-
- public ListNode sortList(ListNode startNode,ListNode endNode){
- if(startNode == null){//节点不存在时
- return startNode;
- }
-
- if(startNode.next == endNode){//只有一个节点时(mid节点是作为后半部分的起始节点)
- startNode.next = null;
- return startNode;
- }
-
- ListNode slow = startNode;//慢指针
- ListNode fast = startNode;//快指针
- while(fast != endNode){
- slow = slow.next;
- fast = fast.next;
- if(fast != endNode){//快指针还没到末尾,就再走一步,相当于慢指针走一步,快指针走两步
- fast = fast.next;
- }
- }
- ListNode mid = slow;//慢指针指向的节点就是中间节点
- ListNode list1 = sortList(startNode,mid);//左子链表
- ListNode list2 = sortList(mid,endNode);//右子链表
- ListNode sort = merge(list1,list2);//按序合并左右子链表
- return sort;
- }
-
- public ListNode merge(ListNode head1,ListNode head2){
- ListNode head = new ListNode(0);
- ListNode pNode = head;
- ListNode pNode1 = head1;
- ListNode pNode2 = head2;
-
- while(pNode1 != null && pNode2 != null){
- if(pNode1.val < pNode2.val){
- pNode.next = pNode1;
- pNode1 = pNode1.next;
- }else{
- pNode.next = pNode2;
- pNode2 = pNode2.next;
- }
- pNode = pNode.next;
- }
-
- if(pNode1 != null){
- pNode.next = pNode1;
- }
-
- if(pNode2 != null){
- pNode.next = pNode2;
- }
-
- return head.next;
- }
- }
②自底向上归并排序。从长度为1的子链表,拼接成长度为2的子链表,再拼接成长度为4的慢慢向上进行拼接。
- class Solution {
- public ListNode sortList(ListNode head) {
- if(head == null){
- return null;
- }
-
- int length = 0;
- ListNode pNode = head;
- while(pNode != null){
- length++;
- pNode = pNode.next;
- }
-
- ListNode dummyHead = new ListNode(0,head);//创建一个标兵
-
- for(int subLength = 1;subLength < length;subLength <<= 1){
- ListNode prev = dummyHead;
- ListNode curr = dummyHead.next;
- while(curr != null){
- ListNode list1 = curr;
- for(int i = 1;i < subLength && curr.next != null;i++){//截取第一个子链表
- curr = curr.next;
- }
- ListNode list2 = curr.next;
- curr.next = null;//第一个子链表的末尾指向null
- curr = list2;
- for(int i = 1;i < subLength && curr != null && curr.next != null;i++){//截取第二个子链表
- curr = curr.next;
- }
-
- ListNode next = null;//表示截完两个子链表后剩余的链表
- if(curr != null){
- next = curr.next;
- curr.next = null;//第二个子链表的末尾只想null
- }
-
- ListNode merged = merge(list1,list2);//对前两个链表进行归并排序
- prev.next = merged;
- while(prev.next != null){
- prev = prev.next;//找到末尾节点,为了之后的拼接
- }
-
- curr = next;//对剩余链表进行拼接
- }
- }
- return dummyHead.next;
- }
-
- public ListNode merge(ListNode head1,ListNode head2){
- ListNode head = new ListNode(0);
- ListNode pNode = head;
- ListNode pNode1 = head1;
- ListNode pNode2 = head2;
-
- while(pNode1 != null && pNode2 != null){
- if(pNode1.val < pNode2.val){
- pNode.next = pNode1;
- pNode1 = pNode1.next;
- }else{
- pNode.next = pNode2;
- pNode2 = pNode2.next;
- }
- pNode = pNode.next;
- }
-
- if(pNode1 != null){
- pNode.next = pNode1;
- }
-
- if(pNode2 != null){
- pNode.next = pNode2;
- }
-
- return head.next;
- }
- }
题源:力扣
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