uniapp微信小程序蓝牙连接与设备数据对接_uniapp 蓝牙

作者：IT小白 | 2024-05-15 15:44:42

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uniapp 蓝牙

蓝牙连接并通信方法封装大致步骤。

初始化蓝牙并搜索；
获取并启用service服务；
数据读取和监听设备返回数据

需要使用uniapp官方提供api：

// 关闭蓝牙
uni.closeBluetoothAdapter({})
// 打开蓝牙
uni.openBluetoothAdapter({})
// 搜索附近的蓝牙
uni.startBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({})
// 停止搜索
uni.stopBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({})
// 连接低功耗BLE蓝牙
uni.createBLEConnection({})
// 获取蓝牙设备所有服务(service)
uni.getBLEDeviceServices({})
// 获取蓝牙特征值
uni.getBLEDeviceCharacteristics({})
// 启用低功耗蓝牙设备特征值变化时的 notify 功能，订阅特征值
uni.notifyBLECharacteristicValueChange({})
// 监听低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值变化事件
uni.onBLECharacteristicValueChange({})
// 读取低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值的二进制数据值
uni.readBLECharacteristicValue({})
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1、开启蓝牙适配器初始化蓝牙模块，获取手机蓝牙是否打开

const getBluetoothState = () => {
	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
		uni.openBluetoothAdapter({
			mode: 'central', // 主机模式
			success: (r) => {
				console.log("蓝牙初始化成功");
				// 获取蓝牙的匹配状态
				uni.getBluetoothAdapterState({
					success: function(row) {
						console.log('蓝牙状态：', row.available);
						if (row.available) {
							// 蓝牙连接成功，开启蓝牙设备搜索
							resolve();
						} else {
							// 请开启蓝牙
							uni.showToast({
								title: "请开启蓝牙",
								icon: 'none',
								duration: 2000
							});
							reject();
						}
					},
					fail: function(err) {
						// 请开启蓝牙
						uni.showToast({
							title: "请开启蓝牙",
							icon: 'none',
							duration: 2000
						});
						reject();
					}
				})
			},
			fail: () => {
				// 请开启蓝牙
				uni.showToast({
					title: "请开启蓝牙",
					icon: 'none',
					duration: 2000
				});
				reject();
			}
		});
	});
}
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2、开启蓝牙设备搜索

const discoveryBluetooth = () => {
	return new Promise((resolve) => {
		uni.startBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({
			success(res) {
				uni.showLoading({
	                title: "正在搜索设备",
	                icon:"none",
	                duration: 2000
	            });
				console.log('搜索蓝牙外围设备完成', res)
				setTimeout(() => {
					// 监听寻找到的蓝牙设备
					resolve();
				}, 2000);
			}
		});
	});
}
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3、获取搜索到的设备信息

const getBluetoothDevices = () => {
	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
		uni.getBluetoothDevices({
			success(res) {
				// 过滤掉name为空或者未知设备的设备
				let devices = res.devices.filter(function(obj) {
					return obj.name !== "" && obj.name !== "未知设备"
				});
				devices && devices.forEach(item => {
					// 获取指定连接deviceId
					if(item.name && item.name.substring(0, 5) === 'aaaa-'){
						// aaaa-*********蓝牙设备型号，根据需求选择设备型号
						// item.deviceId;
					}
				});
			},
			fail: function() {
				console.log('搜索蓝牙设备失败');
				reject();
			},
			complete: function() {
				console.log("蓝牙搜索完成");
				resolve();
			}
		});
	});
}
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4、关闭蓝牙搜索

const stopDiscoveryBluetooth = () => {
	uni.stopBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({
		success(r) {
			console.log("停止搜索蓝牙设备", r);
		}
	});
};
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5、连接蓝牙

const connectBluetooth = () => {
	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
		uni.createBLEConnection({
			deviceId: deviceId, // 设备id
			success() {
				// 蓝牙连接成功后关闭蓝牙搜索并获取服务id
				stopDiscoveryBluetooth();
				resolve();
				// 获取服务id
				getServiceId();
			},
			fail() {
				console.log("蓝牙连接失败");
				reject();
			}
		});
	});
};
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6、获取服务id

const getServiceId = () => {
	uni.getBLEDeviceServices({
		deviceId: deviceId,
		success(res) {
			console.log("获取服务Id", res)
			// serviceId固定，获取蓝牙设备某个服务中的所有特征值【读写属性】
			let model = res.services[0];
			serviceId = model.uuid;
			// 调用蓝牙监听和写入功能
			getCharacteId();
		},
		fail(err){
			console.log('获取服务失败', err);
		}
	})
};
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7、获取蓝牙低功耗设备某个服务中所有特征

const getCharacteId = () => {
	uni.getBLEDeviceCharacteristics({
		deviceId: deviceId, // 蓝牙设备id
		serviceId: serviceId, // 蓝牙服务UUID
		success(res) {
			console.log('数据监听', res);
			res.characteristics.forEach(item => {
				// 003
				if (item.properties.notify === true) {
					// 监听
					notify = item.uuid;
				}
				// 002
				if (item.properties.write === true) {
					// 写入
					let writeId = item.uuid;
				}
			});
		},
		fail(err) {
			console.log("数据监听失败", err)
		}
	})
};
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8、监听设备返回数据，启用低功耗蓝牙设备特征值变化时的notify功能

const startNotice = () => {
	uni.notifyBLECharacteristicValueChange({
		characteristicId: notify,
		deviceId: deviceId,
		serviceId: serviceId,
		state: true,
		success(res) {
			// 监听低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值变化
			uni.onBLECharacteristicValueChange(result => {
				console.log("监听低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值变化", result);
				if (result.value) {
					console.log('设备返回数据', result.value)
				}
			})
		}
	});
};
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9、向蓝牙设备发送数据

const writeData = (buffer) => {
	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
		uni.writeBLECharacteristicValue({
			characteristicId: uni.getStorageSync("writeId"),
			deviceId: deviceId,
			serviceId: serviceId,
			value: buffer,
			success(res) {
				console.log("writeBLECharacteristicValue success", res);
				resolve();
			},
			fail(err) {
				console.log("报错了", err);
				reject();
			}
		});
	});
};
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封装完整方法：

import { TextDecoder } from 'text-encoding-utf-8';
let bluetoothOpen = false; // 手机蓝牙是否打开
let bluetoothConnect = false; // 设备和蓝牙是否连接
let isHaveDevice = false; // 是否查找到设备
let deviceId = null; // 设备id
let serviceId = null; // 服务id
let notify = null; // 监听uuid
let writeId = null; // 写入uuid
/**
 * 获取手机蓝牙是否打开
 */
const getBluetoothState = () => {
	// 主机模式
	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
		uni.openBluetoothAdapter({
			mode: 'central',
			success: (r) => {
				console.log("蓝牙初始化成功");
				// 获取蓝牙的匹配状态
				uni.getBluetoothAdapterState({
					success: function(row) {
						console.log('蓝牙状态：', row.available);
						if (row.available) {
							bluetoothOpen = true;
							resolve();
						} else {
							// 请开启蓝牙
							bluetoothOpen = false;
							bluetoothConnect = false;
							reject();
						}
					},
					fail: function(err) {
						// 请开启蓝牙
						bluetoothOpen = false;
						bluetoothConnect = false;
						reject();
					}
				})
			},
			fail: () => {
				// 请开启蓝牙
				bluetoothOpen = false;
				bluetoothConnect = false;
				reject();
			}
		});
	});
};
/**
 * 开始搜索蓝牙设备
 */
const discoveryBluetooth = () => {
	return new Promise((resolve) => {
		uni.startBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({
			success(res) {
				console.log('搜索蓝牙外围设备完成', res)
				setTimeout(() => {
					resolve();
				}, 2000);
			}
		});
	})
};
// 关闭蓝牙搜索
const stopDiscoveryBluetooth = () => {
	uni.stopBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({
		success(r) {
			console.log("停止搜索蓝牙设备", r);
		}
	});
};
/**
 * 获取搜索到的设备信息
 */
const getBluetoothDevices = () => {
	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
		uni.getBluetoothDevices({
			success(res) {
				bluetoothConnect = false;
				// 过滤掉name为空或者未知设备的设备
				let devices = res.devices.filter(function(obj) {
					return obj.name !== "" && obj.name !== "未知设备"
				});
				devices && devices.forEach(item => {
					if(item.name && item.name.substring(0, 5) === 'aaaa-'){
						deviceId = item.deviceId;
					}
				});
			},
			fail: function() {
				console.log('搜索蓝牙设备失败');
				bluetoothConnect = false;
				reject();
			},
			complete: function() {
				console.log("蓝牙搜索完成");
				// 是否具有当前设备
				if (deviceId) {
					isHaveDevice = true;
				} else {
					isHaveDevice = false;
				}
				resolve(isHaveDevice);
			}
		});
	});
}
/**
 * 连接蓝牙
 * deviceId 蓝牙设备id
 */
const connectBluetooth = () => {
	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
		uni.createBLEConnection({
			deviceId: deviceId, // 设备id
			success() {
				bluetoothConnect = true;
				// 蓝牙连接成功后关闭蓝牙搜索
				stopDiscoveryBluetooth();
				resolve();
				// 获取服务id
				getServiceId();
			},
			fail() {
				bluetoothConnect = false;
				console.log("蓝牙连接失败");
				reject();
			}
		});
	});
};
// 获取服务id
const getServiceId = () => {
	uni.getBLEDeviceServices({
		deviceId: deviceId,
		success(res) {
			console.log("获取服务Id", res)
			let model = res.services[0];
			serviceId = model.uuid;
			// 调用蓝牙监听和写入功能
			getCharacteId();
		}
	})
};
// 获取蓝牙低功耗设备某个服务中所有特征
const getCharacteId = () => {
	uni.getBLEDeviceCharacteristics({
		deviceId: deviceId, // 蓝牙设备id
		serviceId: serviceId, // 蓝牙服务UUID
		success(res) {
			console.log('数据监听', res);
			res.characteristics.forEach(item => {
				// 003
				if (item.properties.notify === true) {
					// 监听
					notify = item.uuid;
					startNotice();
				}
				// 002
				if (item.properties.write === true) {
					// 写入
					let writeId = item.uuid;
					uni.setStorageSync("writeId", item.uuid);
				}
			});
		},
		fail(err) {
			console.log("数据监听失败", err)
		}
	})
};
// 启用低功耗蓝牙设备特征值变化时的notify功能
const startNotice = () => {
	uni.notifyBLECharacteristicValueChange({
		characteristicId: notify,
		deviceId: deviceId,
		serviceId: serviceId,
		state: true,
		success(res) {
			// 监听低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值变化
			uni.onBLECharacteristicValueChange(result => {
				console.log("监听低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值变化", result);
				if (result.value) {
					let decoder = new TextDecoder('utf-8');
					let data = decoder.decode(result.value);
					console.log('帽子返回数据', data)
				}
			})
		}
	});
};
// 蓝牙发送数据
const writeData = (buffer) => {
	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
		uni.writeBLECharacteristicValue({
			characteristicId: uni.getStorageSync("writeId"),
			deviceId: deviceId,
			serviceId: serviceId,
			value: buffer,
			success(res) {
				console.log("writeBLECharacteristicValue success", res);
				resolve();
			},
			fail(err) {
				console.log("报错了", err);
				reject();
			}
		});
	});
};
export default {
	getBluetoothState,
	discoveryBluetooth,
	stopDiscoveryBluetooth,
	getBluetoothDevices,
	connectBluetooth,
	getServiceId,
	getCharacteId,
	startNotice,
	writeData
};
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使用案例：

<template>
	<view class="device_container">
	</view>
</template>

<script>
	import bluetooth from '../bluetooth.js';
	export default {
		data() {
			return {
				bluetoothStatus: false, // 蓝牙连接状态
			}
		},
		methods: {
			// 获取蓝牙和设备是否已连接
			initBluetooth() {
				let _this = this;
				// 初始化蓝牙
				bluetooth.getBluetoothState().then(() => {
					// 搜索外围蓝牙设备
					bluetooth.discoveryBluetooth().then(() => {
						this.discoveryLoading = true;
						// 获取蓝牙设备
						bluetooth.getBluetoothDevices().then((isHaveDevice) => {
							if (isHaveDevice) {
								// 搜索到指定设备,连接蓝牙
								bluetooth.connectBluetooth().then(() => {
									_this.bluetoothStatus = true;
								}, () => {
									_this.bluetoothStatus = false;
								});
							} else {
								// 未搜到设备
								_this.bluetoothStatus = false;
							}
						}, () => {
							// 蓝牙搜索失败
							_this.bluetoothStatus = false;
						});
					});
				}, () => {
					// 未开启蓝牙
					_this.bluetoothStatus = false;
				});
			},
			// 向设备发送数据
			writeBlueData() {
				let obj = {
					cmd: 3,
					freq: 430125,
					speakable: 1
				};
				let objStr = JSON.stringify(obj);
				let buffer = new ArrayBuffer(objStr.length); // 每个字符占用2个字节
				let bufView = new Uint8Array(buffer);
				for (let i = 0; i < objStr.length; i++) {
					bufView[i] = objStr.charCodeAt(i);
				}
				bluetooth.writeData(buffer);
			}
		},
		onShow() {
			// 获取蓝牙和设备连接状态
			this.initBluetooth();
		},
	}
</script>

<style lang="scss">
	page {
		height: 100%;
	}
</style>
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