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socket和socketserver是python3中socket通信模块,关于其使用做如下总结。
目录
5.额外补充:strace分析Python中subprocess.Popen实现
import socket
接口:socket.socket(socket_family, socket_type, protocal=0)
参数:
socket_family:AF_UNIX 或 AF_INET
socket_type:SOCK_STREAM 或 SOCK_DGRAM
protocol: 一般不填,默认值为 0
(1)tcp套接字
tcpSock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
(2)udp套接字
udpSock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.bind():绑定(主机,端口号)到套接字
s.listen():TCP监听
s.accept():接受TCP客户的连接
s.connect():初始化TCP服务器连接
s.connect()
s.connect_ex():函数的扩展版本,出错时返回出错码,而不是抛出异常
s.recv():接收TCP数据
s.send():发送TCP数据(send在待发送数据量大于己端缓存区剩余空间时,数据丢失,不会发完)
s.sendall():发送完整的TCP数据(本质就是循环调用send,sendall在待发送数据量大于己端缓存区剩余空间时,数据不丢失,循环调用send直到发完)
s.recvfrom():接收UDP数据
s.sendto():发送UDP数据
s.getpeername():连接到当前套接字的远端的地址
s.getsockname():当前套接字的地址
s.getsockopt():返回指定套接字的参数
s.setsockopt():设置指定套接字的参数
s.close():关闭套接字
s.setblocking():设置套接字的阻塞与非阻塞模式
s.settimeout():设置阻塞套接字操作的超时时间
s.gettimeout():得到阻塞套接字操作的超时时间
s.fileno():套接字的文件描述符
s.makefile():创建一个与该套接字相关的文件
socketserver是socket的升级版本,可以并发处理多个客户端的连接,其包含两个大类server类和request类,server类解决连接问题,request类解决通信问题
引用如下:
import socketserver
server.py
- # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
-
- import socket
- from socket import SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR
- import subprocess
- import struct
- import json
-
- PORT = 18284
-
- #简单TCP通信
- def main():
- tcpSocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
- print(tcpSocket)
- tcpSocket.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
- tcpSocket.bind(('127.0.0.1', PORT))
- tcpSocket.listen(5)
- print('start....')
- while True:
- conn, client_addr = tcpSocket.accept()
- print('new client connected ', conn, client_addr)
- while True:
- try:
- print('recv data ...')
- data = conn.recv(1024)
- if len(data) == 0:
- break
- print('recv data is ', data)
- conn.send(data.upper())
- except ConnectionResetError:
- break
-
- conn.close()
- phone.close()
-
- #仿写ssh服务程序
- def main1():
- server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
- server.bind(('127.0.0.1', PORT))
- server.listen(5)
- print('start...')
- while True:
- conn, client_addr = server.accept()
- while True:
- print('from client:', client_addr)
- cmd = conn.recv(1024)
- if len(cmd) == 0:
- break
- print('cmd:', cmd)
- obj = subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf8'), # 输入的cmd命令
- shell=True, # 通过shell运行
- stderr=subprocess.PIPE, # 把错误输出放入管道,以便打印
- stdout=subprocess.PIPE) # 把正确输出放入管道,以便打印
-
- stdout = obj.stdout.read() # 打印正确输出
- stderr = obj.stderr.read() # 打印错误输出
-
- conn.send(stdout)
- conn.send(stderr)
- conn.close()
- server.close()
-
- #自定义数据包
- def main2():
- server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
- server.bind(('127.0.0.1', PORT))
- server.listen(5)
- print('start...')
- while True:
- conn, client_addr = server.accept()
- print(conn, client_addr)
- while True:
- cmd = conn.recv(1024)
- obj = subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf8'),
- shell=True,
- stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
- stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
- stderr = obj.stderr.read()
- stdout = obj.stdout.read()
- print("stderr:", stderr)
- print("stdout:", stdout)
- data_dict = {
- 'body_size': len(stdout) + len(stderr),
- 'body': stderr.decode('utf-8') + stdout.decode('utf-8')
- }
- data_json = json.dumps(data_dict)
- data_bytes = data_json.encode('utf8')
- conn.send(struct.pack('i', len(data_bytes)))
- conn.send(data_bytes)
- conn.close()
- break
- server.close()
-
-
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- main2()
client.py
- # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
-
- import socket
- import json
- import struct
-
- PORT = 18284
-
- def main():
- cs = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
- cs.connect(('127.0.0.1', PORT))
- while True:
- msg = input('input data >>').strip()
- if len(msg) == 0:
- continue
- cs.send(msg.encode('utf-8'))
- data = cs.recv(1024)
- print(data)
- phone.close()
-
-
- def main2():
- client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
- client.connect(('127.0.0.1', PORT))
- while True:
- cmd = input('enter cmd >> ')
- if len(cmd) == 0:
- continue
- #encode:字符串转字节数组
- client.send(cmd.encode('utf8'))
- data_len = struct.unpack('i', client.recv(4))[0]
- print("data_len: ", data_len)
- data_bytes = client.recv(data_len)
- print("data_bytes: ", data_bytes)
- #decode:字节数组转转字符串
- data_json = data_bytes.decode('utf8')
- print("data_json: ", data_json)
- data_dict = json.loads(data_json)
- print("data_dict: ", data_dict['body'])
- break
- client.close()
-
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- main2()
运行效果如下:
server.py
- # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
-
- import socketserver
-
- PORT = 18286
-
- class MyHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
- def handle(self):
- while True:
- print(self.client_address)
- print(self.request)
- try:
- data = self.request.recv(1024)
- if len(data) == 0: break
- self.request.send(data.upper())
- except ConnectionResetError:
- break
-
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- s = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(('127.0.0.1', PORT),
- MyHandler,
- bind_and_activate=True)
- s.serve_forever()
client.py
- # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
-
- import socket
-
- PORT = 18286
-
- def main():
- client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
- client.connect(('127.0.0.1', PORT))
- while True:
- msg=input('input msg >> ').strip()
- if len(msg) == 0: continue
- client.send(msg.encode('utf-8'))
- data = client.recv(1024)
- print(data.decode('utf-8'))
- client.close()
-
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- main()
关于UDP,有如下需要注意:
(1)无连接的,先启动哪一端都不会报错,并且可以同时多个客户端去跟服务端通信
(2)数据报协议,发空的时候也会自带报头,因此客户端输入空,服务端也能收到,一般用于传输小数据
(4)无粘包问题,但是不能替代TCP套接字,因为UPD协议有一个缺陷:如果数据发送的途中,数据丢失,则数据就丢失了,而TCP协议则不会有这种缺陷,因此UPD套接字多用于无关紧要的数据发送,例如IM聊天工具
server.py
- # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
-
- import socket
-
- PORT = 18285
-
- def main():
- server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
- server.bind(('127.0.0.1', PORT))
- while True:
- data, client_addr = server.recvfrom(1024)
- print('recvfrom:', data, client_addr)
- server.sendto(data.upper(), client_addr)
- server.close()
-
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- main()
client.py
- # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
-
- import socket
-
- PORT = 18285
-
- def main():
- client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
- while True:
- msg = input('input >> ').strip()
- client.sendto(msg.encode('utf-8'), ('127.0.0.1', PORT))
- data, server_addr = client.recvfrom(1024)
- print(data, data.decode('utf-8'))
- client.close()
-
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- main()
基于udp的socketserver自己定义的类,其中
self.request是一个元组(第一个元素是客户端发来的数据,第二部分是服务端的udp套接字对象)
self.client_address即客户端地址
server.py
- # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
-
- import socketserver
-
- PORT = 18287
-
- class MyHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
- def handle(self):
- print(self.client_address)
- print(self.request)
- data = self.request[0]
- print('client msg:', data)
- self.request[1].sendto(data.upper(), self.client_address)
-
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- s = socketserver.ThreadingUDPServer(('127.0.0.1', PORT), MyHandler)
- s.serve_forever()
client.py
- # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
-
- import socket
-
- PORT = 18287
-
- def main():
- client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
- while True:
- msg=input('input >> ').strip()
- client.sendto(msg.encode('utf-8'), ('127.0.0.1', PORT))
- data, server_addr = client.recvfrom(1024)
- print(data)
- client.close()
-
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- main()
运行效果如下:
服务端:strace -ff -o ./output python3 server.py
客户端:python3 client.py
运行结果:
产生了两个文件,说明subprocess.Popen是通过多进程实现的。
主进程:
子进程:
分析:主进程pipe2 [5, 6],pipe2 [7, 8],创建两个匿名管道,用来接收子进程正确输出和错误输出,主进程用5,7读取正确和错误信息,子进程6,8来写正确和错误信息。调用clone产生子进程, dup2(6, 1) dup2(8, 2),使用1,2来代替6,8。子进程调用execve来覆盖子进程进程空间并在其中执行命令。
服务端:strace -ff -o ./output python3 server.py
客户端:python3 client.py
运行结果:
通过输出可以看到执行一次命令,会产生两个子进程。
主进程:
子进程:
孙子进程:
主进程14912调用clone产生子进程14986,子进程中通过execve执行sh程序来替换子进程空间, sh进程执行时又调用clone产生子进程14987,然后孙子进程14987调用execve来真正执行ls -i命令。 主进程 -> sh子进程 -> ls -i孙子进程
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