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《FPGA Verilog篇》Part 1 跑马灯例程的实现方法锦集

作者：IT小白 | 2024-06-10 17:25:09

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《FPGA Verilog篇》Part 1 跑马灯例程的实现方法锦集

Part 1 跑马灯例程的实现方法锦集                                                                                                                                                            

硬软件配置：
// Engineer: Test202_Led10flash_DEO_xxx
/// Create Date:    2016/3/12
// Module Name:   Led10flash_DEO_xxx
// Project Name:    Led10flash_DEO_xxx
// Target Devices: CycloneIII EP3C16F484C6N
// Tool versions: Quartus 11.0+Modelsim SE12.0
// Additional Comments: 25_000_000;
1、方法一:链接符移位操作实现跑马灯，源代码： 
  1. //方法一：连接符移位操作实现跑马灯，在DEO上跑通//
  2. module Led10flash_DEO_shift(clk,rstn,led);
  3. input clk, rstn;
  4. output[9:0] led;
  5. reg[18:0] count;
  6. reg[7:0] cnt;
  7. //50MHz,20ns,20*500_000=10ms,2^19  count=[18:0]
  8. parameter dely1ms=500_000;
  9.  
  10. always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)
  11. begin 
  12. 		if(!rstn) begin	count<=18'd0;end
  13. 	else if(count==dely1ms) begin count<=16'd0; end
  14. 	else begin count<=count+1'd1;end
  15. end
  16.  
  17. always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)
  18. begin
  19. 	if(!rstn) begin  cnt<=0;end
  20. 	else if(cnt==9) begin cnt<=0;end
  21. 	else if(count==dely1ms) begin cnt<=cnt+1'd1;end	
  22. 	
  23. end
  24. //移位操作实现跑马灯
  25. reg[9:0] shiftR;
  26.  
  27. always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)
  28. begin
  29. 	if(!rstn) begin shiftR<=9'h01;end//初始化为9'h01很重要
  30. 	else if(cnt==9) begin shiftR<={shiftR[0],shiftR[9:1]};end
  31. 	else begin shiftR<=shiftR;end
  32. end
  33.  
  34. assign led=shiftR;
  35. endmodule

2、方法二:移位运算符实现跑马灯，源代码： 
  1. module Led10flash_DEO_Operator(clk,rstn,led);
  2. input clk, rstn;
  3. output[9:0] led;
  4. reg[18:0] count;
  5. reg[7:0] cnt;
  6. //50MHz,20ns,20*500_000=10ms,2^19  count=[18:0]
  7. parameter dely1ms=500_000;
  8.  
  9. always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)
  10. begin 
  11. 		if(!rstn) begin	count<=18'd0;end
  12. 	else if(count==dely1ms) begin count<=16'd0; end
  13. 	else begin count<=count+1'd1;end
  14. end
  15.  
  16. always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)
  17. begin
  18. 	if(!rstn) begin  cnt<=0;end
  19. 	else if(cnt==9) begin cnt<=0;end
  20. 	else if(count==dely1ms) begin cnt<=cnt+1'd1;end	
  21. 	
  22. end
  23. //移位实现跑马灯
  24. reg[9:0] shiftL;
  25.  
  26. always @(posedge clk)
  27. begin 
  28. 	if(!rstn)begin shiftL<=9'h01;end
  29. 		else if(cnt==9)begin shiftL<={shiftL<<1};end//移位运算符
  30. 		else if(shiftL==10'h400)begin shiftL<=10'h01;end
  31. 		//end
  32. 	else begin
  33. 		shiftL<=shiftL;
  34. 		end
  35. 	
  36. end
  37.  
  38. assign led=shiftL;
  39. endmodule

3、方法三:case语句实现跑马灯，源代码： 
  1. module Led10flash_DEO_case(clk,rstn,led);
  2. input clk,rstn;
  3. output[9:0] led;
  4. //reg[9:0] led;
  5. //50MHz,20ns,20*500_000=10ms,2^19  count=[18:0]
  6. parameter dely1ms=500_000;
  7. reg[18:0] count;
  8. reg[3:0] cnt;
  9.  
  10. always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)
  11. begin 
  12. 		if(!rstn) begin	count<=18'd0;end
  13. 	else if(count==dely1ms) begin count<=16'd0; end
  14. 	else begin count<=count+1'd1;end
  15. end
  16.  
  17. always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)
  18. begin
  19. 	if(!rstn) begin  cnt<=0;end
  20. 	else if(cnt==9) begin cnt<=0;end
  21. 	else if(count==dely1ms) begin cnt<=cnt+1'd1;end	
  22. 	
  23. end
  24. reg[9:0]shiftL;
  25. reg[3:0]i;
  26.  
  27. always@(posedge clk or negedge rstn)
  28. begin
  29. 	if(!rstn)begin shiftL<=10'h01;i<=4'd0;end
  30. 	else begin
  31. 	case(i)//case语句循环
  32. 	4'd0:begin 
  33. 				if(cnt==9)begin i<=i+4'd1;shiftL<=10'h02;end
  34. 				 else begin shiftL<=10'h01;end
  35. 			end
  36. 	4'd1:begin
  37. 				if(cnt==9)begin i<=i+4'd1;shiftL<=10'h04;end
  38. 				 else begin shiftL<=10'h02;end
  39. 			end
  40. 	4'd2:begin
  41. 				if(cnt==9)begin i<=i+4'd1;shiftL<=10'h08;end
  42. 				  else begin shiftL<=10'h04;end
  43. 			end
  44. 	4'd3:begin
  45. 				if(cnt==9)begin i<=i+4'd1;shiftL<=10'h10;end
  46. 				  else begin shiftL<=10'h08;end
  47. 			end
  48. 	4'd4:begin
  49. 				if(cnt==9)begin i<=i+4'd1;shiftL<=10'h20;end
  50. 				  else begin shiftL<=10'h10;end
  51. 			end
  52. 	4'd5:begin
  53. 			if(cnt==9)begin i<=i+4'd1;shiftL<=10'h40;end
  54. 			  else begin shiftL<=10'h20;end
  55. 		end		
  56. 	4'd6:begin
  57. 				if(cnt==9)begin i<=i+4'd1;shiftL<=10'h80;end
  58. 				  else begin shiftL<=10'h40;end
  59. 			end
  60. 	4'd7:begin
  61. 				if(cnt==9)begin i<=i+4'd1;shiftL<=10'h100;end
  62. 				  else begin shiftL<=10'h80;end
  63. 			end
  64. 	4'd8:begin
  65. 				if(cnt==9)begin i<=i+4'd1;shiftL<=10'h200;end
  66. 				  else begin shiftL<=10'h100;end
  67. 			end
  68. 	4'd9:begin
  69. 				if(cnt==9)begin i<=4'd0;shiftL<=10'h01;end
  70. 				  else begin shiftL<=10'h200;end
  71. 			end		
  72. 	default:begin shiftL<=10'h01;i=4'd0;end
  73. 	endcase
  74. 	end
  75. end
  76.  
  77. assign led=shiftL;
  78. endmodule

4、方法四:case语句+连接符移位操作实现左循环右循环式跑马灯，源代码： 
  1. module Led10flash_DEO_caseLR(clk,rstn,led);
  2. input clk,rstn;
  3. output[9:0] led;
  4.  
  5. parameter dely=500_000;//19位，所以count为[18:0]
  6. reg[18:0]count;
  7. reg[3:0]cnt;
  8.  
  9. always@(posedge clk or negedge rstn)
  10. begin
  11. 	if(!rstn) begin count<=18'd0;end
  12. 	else if(count==dely)begin count<=18'd0;end
  13. 	else count<=count+1'd1;
  14. end
  15.  
  16. always@(posedge clk or negedge rstn)
  17. begin
  18. 	if(!rstn) begin cnt<=3'd0;end
  19. 	else if(cnt==9) begin cnt<=3'd0;end
  20. 	else if(count==dely)begin cnt<=cnt+1'd1;end
  21. end
  22.  
  23. reg[9:0] shiftLR;
  24. reg[2:0] i;
  25.  
  26. //连接符移位操作实现左右循环跑
  27. always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)
  28. begin
  29. 	if(!rstn)begin i<=3'd0;shiftLR<=10'h01;end
  30. 	else if(cnt==9)begin//循环
  31. 		case(i)
  32. 		3'd0:begin 
  33. 			  shiftLR<={shiftLR[8:0],shiftLR[9]}; //左移//if(cnt==9)
  34. 				if(shiftLR==10'h200) begin 
  35. 				i=3'd1;
  36. 				shiftLR<=10'h100;		//右移		
  37. 				end		
  38. 			end
  39. 		3'd1:begin
  40. 			 shiftLR<={shiftLR[0],shiftLR[9:1]};//右移	//if(cnt==9) 
  41. 				 if(shiftLR==10'h01)begin 
  42. 				i=3'd0;
  43. 				shiftLR<=10'h02;//左移
  44. 				end
  45. 			end
  46. 			default:begin i<=3'd0; shiftLR<=10'h01;end
  47. 		endcase
  48. 	end
  49. end
  50.  
  51. assign led=shiftLR;
  52.  
  53. endmodule

5、方法五:Moore状态机实现跑马灯，源代码： 
  1. ///*******************************
  2. //这个是在另DEO开发板上跑通的，所要注意引脚数目和引脚分配//
  3. ///******************************
  4. module led10flash_DEO(clk,rst,led);
  5. input clk,rst;
  6. output[9:0] led;
  7. reg[9:0] led;
  8. reg[3:0] state;
  9. reg[24:0] cnt;
  10. reg[11:0] count;
  11. parameter s0='d0,s1='d1,s2='d2,s3='d3,s4='d4,s5='d5,s6='d6,s7='d7,s8='d8,s9='d9,s10='d10,s11='d11;
  12. parameter led0=8'b1111_1111,led1=8'b0000_0000,led2=8'b1000_0000,led3=8'b0100_0000,led4=8'b0010_0000,
  13. 			 led5=8'b0001_0000,led6=8'b0000_1000,led7=8'b0000_0100,led8=8'b0000_0010,led9=8'b0000_0001,
  14. 			 led10=8'b1010_1010,led11=8'b0101_0101;
  15. parameter dely=250_000_000;//延时0.5s,25位,[24:0]
  16. wire clk2hz;
  17.  
  18. always @(posedge clk)
  19. begin
  20. 	if(!rst) cnt<=1'b0;
  21. 		else if(cnt==dely) cnt<=1'b0;
  22. 			else cnt<=cnt+1'b1;
  23. end
  24.  
  25. assign clk2hz=cnt[24];
  26.  
  27.  
  28.  
  29. always @(posedge clk2hz  )
  30. begin 
  31. 		if(!rst) state<=s0;
  32.  		else if(count==11) begin count<=0;end 
  33. //		else if(cnt==dely) begin //count<=count+1'b1;
  34. 		else 
  35. 		 case(state)
  36. 		 s0:begin if(count==0)begin count<= count+1'd1;state<=s1;end
  37. 			 end
  38. 		 s1:begin if(count==1)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s2;end
  39. 				else state<=s1;
  40. 				end
  41. 		 s2:begin if(count==2)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s3;end
  42. 				else state<=s2;
  43. 				end
  44. 		 s3:begin if(count==3)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s4;end
  45. 				else state<=s3;
  46. 				end
  47. 		 s4:begin if(count==4)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s5;end
  48. 				else state<=s4;
  49. 				end
  50. 		 s5:begin if(count==5)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s6;end
  51. 				else state<=s5;
  52. 				end
  53. 		 s6:begin if(count==6)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s7;end
  54. 				else state<=s6;
  55. 				end
  56. 		 s7:begin if(count==7)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s8;end
  57. 				else state<=s7;
  58. 				end
  59. 		 s8:begin if(count==8)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s9;end
  60. 				else state<=s8;
  61. 				end
  62. 		 s9:begin if(count==9)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s10;end
  63. 				else state<=s9;
  64. 				end
  65. 		 s10:begin if(count==10)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s11;end
  66. 				else state<=s10;
  67. 				end
  68. 		 s11:begin if(count==11)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s0;end
  69. 				else state<=s0;
  70. 				end
  71. 		default:state<=s0;
  72. 		endcase
  73. 		
  74. end
  75.  
  76. always @(state)
  77. begin
  78. 		case(state)
  79. 		s0:led<=led0;
  80. 		s1:led<=led1;
  81. 		s2:led<=led2;
  82. 		s3:led<=led3;
  83. 		s4:led<=led4;
  84. 		s5:led<=led5;
  85. 		s6:led<=led6;
  86. 		s7:led<=led7;
  87. 		s8:led<=led8;
  88. 		s9:led<=led9;
  89. 		s10:led<=led10;
  90. 		s11:led<=led11;
  91. 		default:led<=led0;
  92. 		endcase
  93. end
  94.  
  95.  
  96.  
  97. endmodule

6、方法六：Mealy状态机实现跑马灯，源代码: 
  1. ///在DEO开发板上已经跑通了//
  2. module Led10flash_DEO(clk,rst,led);
  3. input clk,rst;
  4. output[9:0] led;
  5. reg[9:0] led;
  6. reg[6:0] state;
  7. //parameter s0='d0,s1='d1,s2='d2,s3='d3,s4='d4,s5='d5,s6='d6,s7='d7,
  8. //			 s8='d8,s9='d9,s10='d10,s11='d11,s12='d12,s13='d13,s14='d14,
  9. //			 s15='d15,s16='d16,s17='d17,s18='d18,s19='d19,s20='d20,s21='d21,
  10. //			 s22='d22,s23='d23,s24='d24,s25='d25,s26='d26,s27='d27,s28='d28,s29='d29;
  11. parameter s0='d0,s1='d1,s2='d2,s3='d3,s4='d4,s5='d5,s6='d6,s7='d7,s8='d8,s9='d9,s10='d10,s11='d11,s12='d12,				s13='d13,s14='d14,s15='d15,s16='d16,s17='d17,s18='d18,s19='d19,s20='d20,s21='d21,s22='d22,s23='d23,			s24='d24,s25='d25,s26='d26,s27='d27,s28='d28,s29='d29;
  12. parameter led0=10'b1111_1111_11,
  13. 			led1=10'b0000_0000_00,
  14. 			led2=10'b1000_0000_00,
  15. 			led3=10'b0100_0000_00,
  16. 			 led4=10'b0010_0000_00,
  17. 			 led5=10'b0001_0000_00,
  18. 			 led6=10'b0000_1000_00,
  19. 			 led7=10'b0000_0100_00,
  20. 			 led8=10'b0000_0010_00,
  21. 			 led9=10'b0000_0001_00,
  22. 			 led10=10'b1010_1010_10,
  23. 			 led11=10'b0000_0000_01,
  24. 			 led12=10'b0000_1100_00,
  25. 			 led13=10'b0001_1110_00,
  26. 			 led14=10'b0011_1111_00,
  27. 			 led15=10'b0111_1111_10,
  28. 			 led16=10'b1111_1111_11,
  29. 			 led17=10'b1000_0000_01,
  30. 		 	 led18=10'b1100_0000_11,//中间到两边
  31. 			 led19=10'b1110_0001_11,
  32. 		 	 led20=10'b1111_0011_11,
  33. 			 led21=10'b1111_1111_11,
  34. 			 led22=10'b0111_1111_10,//两边到中间
  35. 			 led23=10'b0011_1111_00,
  36. 			 led24=10'b0001_1110_00,
  37. 			 led25=10'b0000_1100_00,
  38. 			 led26=10'b0011_1111_00,
  39. 			 led27=10'b0111_1111_10,
  40. 			 led28=10'b1010_1010_10,
  41. 			 led29=10'b0101_0101_01;
  42. //parameter dely=250_000_000;//延时0.5s,25位,[24:0]
  43. parameter dely=25_000_000;
  44. reg[24:0] cnt;
  45. reg[6:0] count;
  46. wire clk2hz;
  47.  
  48. always @(posedge clk)
  49. begin 
  50. 	if(!rst)cnt<=1'b0;
  51.     else if(cnt==dely) cnt<=1'b0;//延时5s，频率为0.2hz一定要计算好，计数25_000_000次，25位
  52. 		else cnt<=cnt+1;//若要分频成为4hz的时钟，则需要计数12500_000次，24位
  53. end
  54.  
  55. assign clk2hz=cnt[24];
  56.  
  57. always @(posedge clk2hz  )
  58. begin 
  59. 		if(!rst) state<=s0;
  60.  		else if(count==29) begin count<=0;end 
  61. //		else if(cnt==dely) begin //count<=count+1'b1;
  62. 		else 
  63. 		 case(state)
  64. 		 s0:begin if(count==0)begin count<= count+1'd1;state<=s1;end
  65. 			 end
  66. 		 s1:begin if(count==1)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s2;end
  67. 				else state<=s1;
  68. 				end
  69. 		 s2:begin if(count==2)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s3;end
  70. 				else state<=s2;
  71. 				end
  72. 		 s3:begin if(count==3)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s4;end
  73. 				else state<=s3;
  74. 				end
  75. 		 s4:begin if(count==4)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s5;end
  76. 				else state<=s4;
  77. 				end
  78. 		 s5:begin if(count==5)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s6;end
  79. 				else state<=s5;
  80. 				end
  81. 		 s6:begin if(count==6)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s7;end
  82. 				else state<=s6;
  83. 				end
  84. 		 s7:begin if(count==7)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s8;end
  85. 				else state<=s7;
  86. 				end
  87. 		 s8:begin if(count==8)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s9;end
  88. 				else state<=s8;
  89. 				end
  90. 		 s9:begin if(count==9)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s10;end
  91. 				else state<=s9;
  92. 				end
  93. 		 s10:begin if(count==10)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s11;end
  94. 				else state<=s10;
  95. 				end
  96. 		 s11:begin if(count==11)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s12;end
  97. 				else state<=s11;
  98. 				end
  99. 		 s12:begin if(count==12)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s13;end
  100. 				else state<=s12;
  101. 				end
  102. 			s13:begin if(count==13)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s14;end
  103. 				else state<=s13;
  104. 				end
  105. 			s14:begin if(count==14)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s15;end
  106. 				else state<=s14;
  107. 				end
  108. 			s15:begin if(count==15)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s16;end
  109. 				else state<=s15;
  110. 				end
  111. 			s16:begin if(count==16)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s17;end
  112. 				else state<=s16;
  113. 				end
  114. 			s17:begin if(count==17)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s18;end
  115. 				else state<=s17;
  116. 				end
  117. 			s18:begin if(count==18)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s19;end
  118. 				else state<=s18;
  119. 				end
  120. 			s19:begin if(count==19)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s20;end
  121. 				else state<=s19;
  122. 				end
  123. 			s20:begin if(count==20)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s21;end
  124. 				else state<=s20;
  125. 				end
  126. 			s21:begin if(count==21)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s22;end
  127. 				else state<=s21;
  128. 				end
  129. 			s22:begin if(count==22)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s23;end
  130. 				else state<=s22;
  131. 				end
  132. 			s23:begin if(count==23)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s24;end
  133. 				else state<=s23;
  134. 				end
  135. 			s24:begin if(count==24)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s25;end
  136. 				else state<=s24;
  137. 				end
  138. 			s25:begin if(count==25)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s26;end
  139. 				else state<=s25;
  140. 				end
  141. 			s26:begin if(count==26)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s27;end
  142. 				else state<=s26;
  143. 				end
  144. 			s27:begin if(count==27)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s28;end
  145. 				else state<=s27;
  146. 				end
  147. 			s28:begin if(count==28)begin count<= count+1'd1; state<=s29;end
  148. 				else state<=s28;
  149. 				end			
  150. 			s29:begin if(count==29)begin count<= 0;state<=s0;end	//可以直接begin count<=0;state<=s0;end
  151. 				else begin state<=s0;count<=0;end
  152. 				end	
  153. 		default:begin state<=s0;end	
  154. 		endcase
  155. 		
  156. end
  157. always @(state)
  158. begin
  159. 		case(state)
  160. 		s0:led<=led0;
  161. 		s1:led<=led1;
  162. 		s2:led<=led2;
  163. 		s3:led<=led3;
  164. 		s4:led<=led4;
  165. 		s5:led<=led5;
  166. 		s6:led<=led6;
  167. 		s7:led<=led7;
  168. 		s8:led<=led8;
  169. 		s9:led<=led9;
  170. 		s10:led<=led10;
  171. 		s11:led<=led11;
  172. 		s12:led<=led12;
  173. 		s13:led<=led13;
  174. 		s14:led<=led14;
  175. 		s15:led<=led15;
  176. 		s16:led<=led16;
  177. 		s17:led<=led17;
  178. 		s18:led<=led18;
  179. 		s19:led<=led19;
  180. 		s20:led<=led20;
  181. 		s21:led<=led21;
  182. 		s22:led<=led22;
  183. 		s23:led<=led23;
  184. 		s24:led<=led24;
  185. 		s25:led<=led25;
  186. 		s26:led<=led26;
  187. 		s27:led<=led27;
  188. 		s28:led<=led28;
  189. 		s29:led<=led29;
  190. 		default:led<=led0;
  191. 		endcase
  192. end
  193. endmodule


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