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docker-compose使用_docker-compose up -d未找到命令

作者：IT小白 | 2024-02-10 11:31:12

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docker-compose up -d未找到命令

目录

Compose 简介

Compose 安装

使用样例

 Compose常用命令

Compose 简介

Compose 是用于定义和运行多容器 Docker 应用程序的工具。通过 Compose，您可以使用 YML 文件来配置应用程序需要的所有服务。然后，使用一个命令，就可以从 YML 文件配置中创建并启动所有服务。

通常来说，Compose 通过以下三个步骤来构建服务：

  • 使用 Dockerfile 定义应用程序的环境。

  • 使用 docker-compose.yml 定义构成应用程序的服务，这样它们可以在隔离环境中一起运行。

  • 最后，执行 docker-compose up 命令来启动并运行整个应用程序。

docker-compose.yml 的配置案例如下（配置参数参考下文）：

实例：

  1. version: "3.9"  # optional since v1.27.0
  2. services:
  3.   web:
  4.     build: .
  5.     ports:
  6.       - "8000:5000"
  7.     volumes:
  8.       - .:/code
  9.       - logvolume01:/var/log
  10.     links:
  11.       - redis
  12.   redis:
  13.     image: redis
  14. volumes:
  15.   logvolume01: {}

Compose 具有用于管理应用程序整个生命周期的命令：

  • 启动、停止和重建服务
  • 查看运行服务的状态
  • 流式传输正在运行的服务的日志输出
  • 在服务上运行一次性命令

Compose 安装

先决条件：由于docker-compose需要依赖于docker引擎，因此需要先确认当前环境已经正确安装了docker

安装步骤：

1.运行以下命令下载 Docker Compose 的当前稳定版本：

 sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.29.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

要安装不同版本的 Compose，请替换1.29.2 为您要使用的 Compose 版本

2.对二进制文件授予可执行权限：

 sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

如果安装后命令docker-compose失败，请检查您的路径。您还可以/usr/bin在路径中创建指向或任何其他目录的符号链接。

例如：

sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose

 3.测试安装：

 docker-compose --version

docker-compose version 1.29.2, build 5becea4c

如需卸载docker-compose的话，只需要删除/usr/local/bin/下安装的docker-compose文件

 sudo rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

使用样例

在此，我们需要通过个 Docker Compose 来部署运行一个简单的 Python Web 应用程序

1.首先创建一个项目目录

  1. mkdir case1
  2. cd case1

2.然后在项目目录中创建一个名为的文件app.py并拷贝以下内容：

  1. import time
  2.  
  3. import redis
  4. from flask import Flask
  5.  
  6. app = Flask(__name__)
  7. cache = redis.Redis(host='redis', port=6379)
  8.  
  9. def get_hit_count():
  10.     retries = 5
  11.     while True:
  12.         try:
  13.             return cache.incr('hits')
  14.         except redis.exceptions.ConnectionError as exc:
  15.             if retries == 0:
  16.                 raise exc
  17.             retries -= 1
  18.             time.sleep(0.5)
  19.  
  20. @app.route('/')
  21. def hello():
  22.     count = get_hit_count()
  23.     return 'Hello World! I have been seen {} times.\n'.format(count)

在该应用中，会去访问redis(端口6379)，并保存应用访问次数

3.在您的项目目录中创建另一个名为的文件requirements.txt并拷贝以下内容：

  1. flask
  2. redis

至此，一个python应用脚本，以及运行的命令入参就创建好了。接下来，开始编写用于搭建该应用程序镜像的dockerfile

创建dockerfile

在此步骤中，需要构建 一个Docker 镜像的 Dockerfile。该镜像包含 Python 应用程序所需的所有依赖项，包括 Python 本身。

在当前目录下创建名为dockerfile的文件

  1. 创建dockerfile
  2. vi dockerfile
  3. 拷贝以下内容至dockerfile中
  4. FROM python:3.7-alpine
  5. WORKDIR /code
  6. ENV FLASK_APP=app.py
  7. ENV FLASK_RUN_HOST=0.0.0.0
  8. RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev linux-headers #安装 gcc 和其他依赖项
  9. COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
  10. RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
  11. EXPOSE 5000
  12. COPY . .
  13. CMD ["flask", "run"]

 在构建好dockerfile后，就需要创建服务编排文件docker-compose.yml

在Compose中定义服务

创建docker-compose.yml，并拷贝以下内容

  1. version: "3.9"
  2. services:
  3.   web:
  4.     build: .
  5.     ports:
  6.       - "8000:5000"  #将主机的8000端口映射到容器的5000端口
  7.   redis:
  8.     image: "redis:alpine"

至此，就完成了所有文件的构建。接下来，就要通过docker-compose命令部署服务

 通过docker-compose构建python应用

在当前项目目录中执行以下指令，部署编排的服务

  1. docker-compose up
  2. //还可以通过 -f 参数指定docker-compose.yml，默认会从当前路径查找
  3. //例如：docker-compose up -f ./docker-compose.yml
  4.  
  5. Creating network "case1_default" with the default driver
  6. Creating case1_web_1   ... done
  7. Creating case1_redis_1 ... done
  8. Attaching to case1_web_1, case1_redis_1
  9. redis_1  | 1:C 09 Mar 2022 02:04:00.186 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
  10. redis_1  | 1:C 09 Mar 2022 02:04:00.186 # Redis version=6.2.6, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1, just started
  11. redis_1  | 1:C 09 Mar 2022 02:04:00.186 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
  12. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 02:04:00.187 * monotonic clock: POSIX clock_gettime
  13. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 02:04:00.199 * Running mode=standalone, port=6379.
  14. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 02:04:00.199 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
  15. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 02:04:00.199 # Server initialized
  16. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 02:04:00.199 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
  17. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 02:04:00.200 * Ready to accept connections
  18. web_1    |  * Serving Flask app 'app.py' (lazy loading)
  19. web_1    |  * Environment: development
  20. web_1    |  * Debug mode: on
  21. web_1    |  * Running on all addresses.
  22. web_1    |    WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
  23. web_1    |  * Running on http://172.20.0.2:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
  24. web_1    |  * Restarting with stat
  25. web_1    |  * Debugger is active!
  26. web_1    |  * Debugger PIN: 132-837-703

 docker-compose启动时会去编译下载镜像，再部署服务；可以看到我们的web服务下，有配置build项，因此，compose会从当前目录去加载dockerfile进行镜像的构建，然后再基于该构建好的镜像创建容器服务；而redis服务的话，则是直接拉取远程仓库中的镜像进行部署。

验证python应用是否正常运行

浏览器界面输入主机ip:8000，弹出以下界面则证明服务正常运行，且通讯正常；刷新界面后，统计次数会叠加

绑定挂载数据卷

在这里我们修改docker-compose.yml，添加数据卷volume配置，实现容器和主机相应目录的映射，从而能够即时修改代码，而无需重建映像。同时配置环境environment，通知flask run在开发模式下运行并在更改时重新加载代码。

修改内容如下：

  1. version: "3.9"
  2. services:
  3.   web:
  4.     build: .
  5.     ports:
  6.       - "8000:5000"
  7.     volumes:
  8.       - .:/code
  9.     environment:
  10.       FLASK_ENV: development
  11.   redis:
  12.     image: "redis:alpine"

然后，重新构建容器资源并重启服务

  1. docker-compose up   （多次执行会重新构建资源并重启服务）
  2.  
  3. case1_redis_1 is up-to-date
  4. Recreating case1_web_1 ... done
  5. Attaching to case1_redis_1, case1_web_1
  6. redis_1  | 1:C 09 Mar 2022 02:17:27.286 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
  7. redis_1  | 1:C 09 Mar 2022 02:17:27.286 # Redis version=6.2.6, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1, just started
  8. redis_1  | 1:C 09 Mar 2022 02:17:27.286 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
  9. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 02:17:27.287 * monotonic clock: POSIX clock_gettime
  10. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 02:17:27.288 * Running mode=standalone, port=6379.
  11. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 02:17:27.288 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
  12. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 02:17:27.288 # Server initialized
  13. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 02:17:27.288 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
  14. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 02:17:27.289 * Ready to accept connections
  15. web_1    |  * Serving Flask app 'app.py' (lazy loading)
  16. web_1    |  * Environment: development
  17. web_1    |  * Debug mode: on
  18. web_1    |  * Running on all addresses.
  19. web_1    |    WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
  20. web_1    |  * Running on http://172.20.0.2:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
  21. web_1    |  * Restarting with stat
  22. web_1    |  * Debugger is active!
  23. web_1    |  * Debugger PIN: 674-917-153

接下来，我们修改app.py的源码，查看其是否能实时生效

  1. #将app.py最后一行的代码替换成下列代码
  2. return 'Hello from Docker! I have been seen {} times.\n'.format(count)

请求浏览器后，可以发现，替换的内容已经实时生效了

故在docker-compose.yml中配置volume可以实现容器和主机目录的共享，同docker中的数据卷功能一致

 Compose常用命令

  1. #注意：以下命令都需要在具备docker-compose.yml的目录下执行，否则需要通过-f /path/docker-compose.yml指定编排文件
  2. #下列所有命令都可以添加 --help 查看具体命令使用详情
  3. docker-compose build   //构建或重构镜像，会读取当前路径的dockerfile重新编译生成镜像
  4. docker-compose up      //部署服务容器资源并运行编排的服务（多次执行会重建容器资源并重启服务）
  5. docker-compose down    //停止服务并删除容器资源
  6. docker-compose images  //列出当前项目的所有镜像
  7. docker-compose ps      //列出compose部署运行的所有服务
  8. docker-compose pull    //拉取仓库中的镜像
  9. docker-compose push    //推送本地镜像至仓库
  10. docker-compose restart //重启服务（当前容器资源尚未删除的前提下，可以重启）
  11. docker-compose stop    //停止服务（当前容器资源尚未删除的前提下，可以停止）
  12. docker-compose start   //启动服务（当前容器资源尚未删除的前提下，可以启动）
  13. docker-compose rm      //删除容器资源
  14. docker-compose create  //创建容器资源（不会启动服务）
  15. docker-compose run     //用于运行“一次性”或“临时”任务，且仅能启动指定的服务及其依赖
  16. docker-compose exec    //在运行的容器中执行命令操作
  17. docker-compose config  //校验并输出docker-compose.yml
  18. docker-compose logs    //输出所有容器的日志，可以指定对应服务
  19.  
  20. #docker-compose up 和 docker-compose run 的区别
  21. #docker-compose up会基于compose file 启动所有的的服务，并对外暴露端口
  22. #docker-compose run需要指定特定的服务进行启动，比如docker-compose run web bash只会启动compose文件中的web服务和其依赖的service，并且不会对外暴露端口，以免跟docker-compose up启动的服务端口冲突（需要通过-p port:port将主机的某个端口映射到容器内的某个端口）
  23. #docker-compose run仅用在临时启动某个服务定位问题的场景

以上指令都可以通过-f /path/docker-compose.yml指定编排服务进行操作，否则，从当前目录读取docker-compose.yml文件。例如：docker-compose -f /path/docker-compose.yml up 

docker-compose build

docker-compose build会编译构建docker-compose.yml定义的服务的镜像资源

使用说明

Build or rebuild services.

Services are built once and then tagged as `project_service`,
e.g. `composetest_db`. If you change a service's `Dockerfile` or the
contents of its build directory, you can run `docker-compose build` to rebuild it.

Usage: build [options] [--build-arg key=val...] [--] [SERVICE...]

Options:
    --build-arg key=val     Set build-time variables for services.
    --compress              Compress the build context using gzip.
    --force-rm              Always remove intermediate containers.
    -m, --memory MEM        Set memory limit for the build container.
    --no-cache              Do not use cache when building the image.
    --no-rm                 Do not remove intermediate containers after a successful build.
    --parallel              Build images in parallel.
    --progress string       Set type of progress output (auto, plain, tty).
    --pull                  Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image.
    -q, --quiet             Don't print anything to STDOUT

 样例:

  1. [shuchang@docker01 case1]$ docker-compose build 
  2. redis uses an image, skipping
  3. Building web
  4. Sending build context to Docker daemon  8.704kB
  5. Step 1/10 : FROM python:3.7-alpine
  6.  ---> bec8abcca4d2
  7. Step 2/10 : WORKDIR /code
  8.  ---> Using cache
  9.  ---> eda8c84e4881
  10. Step 3/10 : ENV FLASK_APP=app.py
  11.  ---> Using cache
  12.  ---> 052b7925b0f7
  13. Step 4/10 : ENV FLASK_RUN_HOST=0.0.0.0
  14.  ---> Using cache
  15.  ---> ce342a1d4665
  16. Step 5/10 : RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev linux-headers
  17.  ---> Using cache
  18.  ---> 8be4738d1774
  19. Step 6/10 : COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
  20.  ---> Using cache
  21.  ---> a8b4c057828d
  22. Step 7/10 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
  23.  ---> Using cache
  24.  ---> 0d636b00f382
  25. Step 8/10 : EXPOSE 5000
  26.  ---> Using cache
  27.  ---> 646b9e7d760c
  28. Step 9/10 : COPY . .
  29.  ---> 1894d317c9ae
  30. Step 10/10 : CMD ["flask", "run"]
  31.  ---> Running in 54c2cdcae43b
  32. Removing intermediate container 54c2cdcae43b
  33.  ---> a6228e94e21c
  34. Successfully built a6228e94e21c
  35. Successfully tagged case1_web:latest

docker-compose up

部署服务容器资源并运行编排的服务（多次执行会重建容器资源并重启服务）

Builds, (re)creates, starts, and attaches to containers for a service.

Unless they are already running, this command also starts any linked services.

The `docker-compose up` command aggregates the output of each container. When
the command exits, all containers are stopped. Running `docker-compose up -d`
starts the containers in the background and leaves them running.

If there are existing containers for a service, and the service's configuration
or image was changed after the container's creation, `docker-compose up` picks
up the changes by stopping and recreating the containers (preserving mounted
volumes). To prevent Compose from picking up changes, use the `--no-recreate`
flag.

If you want to force Compose to stop and recreate all containers, use the
`--force-recreate` flag.

Usage: up [options] [--scale SERVICE=NUM...] [--] [SERVICE...]

Options:
    -d, --detach               Detached mode: Run containers in the background,
                               print new container names. Incompatible with
                               --abort-on-container-exit.
    --no-color                 Produce monochrome output.
    --quiet-pull               Pull without printing progress information
    --no-deps                  Don't start linked services.
    --force-recreate           Recreate containers even if their configuration
                               and image haven't changed.
    --always-recreate-deps     Recreate dependent containers.
                               Incompatible with --no-recreate.
    --no-recreate              If containers already exist, don't recreate
                               them. Incompatible with --force-recreate and -V.
    --no-build                 Don't build an image, even if it's missing.
    --no-start                 Don't start the services after creating them.
    --build                    Build images before starting containers.
    --abort-on-container-exit  Stops all containers if any container was
                               stopped. Incompatible with -d.
    --attach-dependencies      Attach to dependent containers.
    -t, --timeout TIMEOUT      Use this timeout in seconds for container
                               shutdown when attached or when containers are
                               already running. (default: 10)
    -V, --renew-anon-volumes   Recreate anonymous volumes instead of retrieving
                               data from the previous containers.
    --remove-orphans           Remove containers for services not defined
                               in the Compose file.
    --exit-code-from SERVICE   Return the exit code of the selected service
                               container. Implies --abort-on-container-exit.
    --scale SERVICE=NUM        Scale SERVICE to NUM instances. Overrides the
                               `scale` setting in the Compose file if present.
    --no-log-prefix            Don't print prefix in logs.

 docker-compose down

停止服务并删除容器资源(默认移除容器资源和使用的网络，数据卷、指定网络需添加参数进行移除)

Stops containers and removes containers, networks, volumes, and images
created by `up`.

By default, the only things removed are:

- Containers for services defined in the Compose file
- Networks defined in the `networks` section of the Compose file
- The default network, if one is used

Networks and volumes defined as `external` are never removed.

Usage: down [options]

Options:
    --rmi type              Remove images. Type must be one of:
                              'all': Remove all images used by any service.
                              'local': Remove only images that don't have a
                              custom tag set by the `image` field.
    -v, --volumes           Remove named volumes declared in the `volumes`
                            section of the Compose file and anonymous volumes
                            attached to containers.
    --remove-orphans        Remove containers for services not defined in the
                            Compose file
    -t, --timeout TIMEOUT   Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds.
                            (default: 10)

 样例：

执行后，服务、容器资源以及镜像一并删除了

  1. [shuchang@docker01 case1]$ docker-compose down
  2. Stopping case1_web_1   ... done
  3. Stopping case1_redis_1 ... done
  4. Removing case1_web_1   ... done
  5. Removing case1_redis_1 ... done
  6. Removing network case1_default
  7.  
  8. [shuchang@docker01 case1]$ docker-compose ps
  9. Name   Command   State   Ports
  10. ------------------------------
  11.  
  12. [shuchang@docker01 case1]$ docker-compose images
  13. Container   Repository   Tag   Image Id   Size
  14. ----------------------------------------------

docker-compose images

罗列出已创建容器资源的镜像（只会列举出docker-compose.yml中所有服务引用的镜像）

List images used by the created containers.
Usage: images [options] [--] [SERVICE...]

Options:
    -q, --quiet  Only display IDs

样例：

  1. [shuchang@docker01 case1]$ docker-compose images
  2.   Container     Repository    Tag       Image Id       Size  
  3. -------------------------------------------------------------
  4. case1_redis_1   redis        alpine   3900abf41552   32.38 MB
  5. case1_web_1     case1_web    latest   a6228e94e21c   189.3 MB

docker-compose ps

列举出创建的所有容器资源（注意：只会列举当前编排文件docker-compose.yml中定义的服务资源）

List containers.

Usage: ps [options] [--] [SERVICE...]

Options:
    -q, --quiet          Only display IDs
    --services           Display services
    --filter KEY=VAL     Filter services by a property
    -a, --all            Show all stopped containers (including those created by the run command)

  1. [shuchang@docker01 case1]$ docker-compose ps
  2.     Name                   Command               State           Ports         
  3. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  4. case1_redis_1   docker-entrypoint.sh redis ...   Up      6379/tcp              
  5. case1_web_1     flask run                        Up      0.0.0.0:8000->5000/tcp

docker-compose pull/push

 拉取/推送镜像

[shuchang@docker01 case1]$ docker-compose pull --help
Pulls images for services defined in a Compose file, but does not start the containers.

Usage: pull [options] [--] [SERVICE...]

Options:
    --ignore-pull-failures  Pull what it can and ignores images with pull failures.
    --parallel              Deprecated, pull multiple images in parallel (enabled by default).
    --no-parallel           Disable parallel pulling.
    -q, --quiet             Pull without printing progress information
    --include-deps          Also pull services declared as dependencies

[shuchang@docker01 case1]$ docker-compose push --help
Pushes images for services.

Usage: push [options] [--] [SERVICE...]

Options:
    --ignore-push-failures  Push what it can and ignores images with push failures.

docker-compose restart/start/stop

compose启动/停止/重启服务（该操作不会删除容器资源）

[shuchang@docker01 case1]$ docker-compose restart --help

Restart running containers.

Usage: restart [options] [--] [SERVICE...]

Options:
  -t, --timeout TIMEOUT      Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds.(default: 10)

[shuchang@docker01 case1]$ docker-compose start --help
Start existing containers.

Usage: start [SERVICE...]

[shuchang@docker01 case1]$ docker-compose stop --help
Stop running containers without removing them.

They can be started again with `docker-compose start`.

Usage: stop [options] [--] [SERVICE...]

Options:
  -t, --timeout TIMEOUT      Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds.(default: 10)

docker-compose rm/create

compose删除/创建容器资源（只能删除已停止的服务容器资源；且创建容器资源时不会启动服务）

[shuchang@docker01 case1]$ docker-compose rm --help
Removes stopped service containers.

By default, anonymous volumes attached to containers will not be removed. You
can override this with `-v`. To list all volumes, use `docker volume ls`.

Any data which is not in a volume will be lost.

Usage: rm [options] [--] [SERVICE...]

Options:
    -f, --force   Don't ask to confirm removal
    -s, --stop    Stop the containers, if required, before removing
    -v            Remove any anonymous volumes attached to containers
    -a, --all     Deprecated - no effect.

[shuchang@docker01 case1]$ docker-compose create --help
Creates containers for a service.
This command is deprecated. Use the `up` command with `--no-start` instead.

Usage: create [options] [SERVICE...]

Options:
    --force-recreate       Recreate containers even if their configuration and
                           image haven't changed. Incompatible with --no-recreate.
    --no-recreate          If containers already exist, don't recreate them.
                           Incompatible with --force-recreate.
    --no-build             Don't build an image, even if it's missing.
    --build                Build images before creating containers.

docker-compose run

临时启动一个指定的服务及其依赖（可以通过--no-deps禁止依赖服务的启动）

Run a one-off command on a service.

For example:

    $ docker-compose run web python manage.py shell

By default, linked services will be started, unless they are already
running. If you do not want to start linked services, use
`docker-compose run --no-deps SERVICE COMMAND [ARGS...]`.

Usage:
    run [options] [-v VOLUME...] [-p PORT...] [-e KEY=VAL...] [-l KEY=VALUE...] [--]
        SERVICE [COMMAND] [ARGS...]

Options:
    -d, --detach          Detached mode: Run container in the background, print
                          new container name.
    --name NAME           Assign a name to the container
    --entrypoint CMD      Override the entrypoint of the image.
    -e KEY=VAL            Set an environment variable (can be used multiple times)
    -l, --label KEY=VAL   Add or override a label (can be used multiple times)
    -u, --user=""         Run as specified username or uid
    --no-deps             Don't start linked services.
    --rm                  Remove container after run. Ignored in detached mode.
    -p, --publish=[]      Publish a container's port(s) to the host
    --service-ports       Run command with the service's ports enabled and mapped
                          to the host.
    --use-aliases         Use the service's network aliases in the network(s) the
                          container connects to.
    -v, --volume=[]       Bind mount a volume (default [])
    -T                    Disable pseudo-tty allocation. By default `docker-compose run`
                          allocates a TTY.
    -w, --workdir=""      Working directory inside the container

docker-compose exec

开启一个新的线程在指定的服务容器中运行指令

Execute a command in a running container

Usage: exec [options] [-e KEY=VAL...] [--] SERVICE COMMAND [ARGS...]

Options:
    -d, --detach      Detached mode: Run command in the background.
    --privileged      Give extended privileges to the process.
    -u, --user USER   Run the command as this user.
    -T                Disable pseudo-tty allocation. By default `docker-compose exec`
                      allocates a TTY.
    --index=index     index of the container if there are multiple
                      instances of a service [default: 1]
    -e, --env KEY=VAL Set environment variables (can be used multiple times,
                      not supported in API < 1.25)
    -w, --workdir DIR Path to workdir directory for this command.

样例：

  1. [shuchang@docker01 case1]$ docker-compose exec web cat ./app.py
  2. import time
  3.  
  4. import redis
  5. from flask import Flask
  6.  
  7. app = Flask(__name__)
  8. cache = redis.Redis(host='redis', port=6379)
  9.  
  10. def get_hit_count():
  11.     retries = 5
  12.     while True:
  13.         try:
  14.             return cache.incr('hits')
  15.         except redis.exceptions.ConnectionError as exc:
  16.             if retries == 0:
  17.                 raise exc
  18.             retries -= 1
  19.             time.sleep(0.5)
  20.  
  21. @app.route('/')
  22. def hello():
  23.     count = get_hit_count()
  24.     return 'Hello World! I have been seen {} times.\n'.format(count)

docker-compose config

校验并展示编排文件docker-compose.yml

Validate and view the Compose file.

Usage: config [options]

Options:
    --resolve-image-digests  Pin image tags to digests.
    --no-interpolate         Don't interpolate environment variables.
    -q, --quiet              Only validate the configuration, don't print
                             anything.
    --profiles               Print the profile names, one per line.
    --services               Print the service names, one per line.
    --volumes                Print the volume names, one per line.
    --hash="*"               Print the service config hash, one per line.
                             Set "service1,service2" for a list of specified services
                             or use the wildcard symbol to display all services.

 样例：

  1. [shuchang@docker01 case1]$ docker-compose -f ../env_test/docker-compose.yml config
  2. services:
  3.   webapp:
  4.     environment:
  5.       image: training/webapp
  6.       tag: latest
  7.     image: training/webapp:latest
  8. version: '3.9'

docker-compose logs

输出compose下所有容器的日志

View output from containers.

Usage: logs [options] [--] [SERVICE...]

Options:
    --no-color              Produce monochrome output.
    -f, --follow            Follow log output.
    -t, --timestamps        Show timestamps.
    --tail="all"            Number of lines to show from the end of the logs
                            for each container.
    --no-log-prefix         Don't print prefix in logs.

样例：

  1. [shuchang@docker01 case1]$ docker-compose logs
  2. Attaching to case1_redis_1, case1_web_1
  3. redis_1  | 1:C 09 Mar 2022 06:21:26.724 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
  4. redis_1  | 1:C 09 Mar 2022 06:21:26.725 # Redis version=6.2.6, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1, just started
  5. redis_1  | 1:C 09 Mar 2022 06:21:26.725 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
  6. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 06:21:26.727 * monotonic clock: POSIX clock_gettime
  7. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 06:21:26.728 * Running mode=standalone, port=6379.
  8. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 06:21:26.728 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
  9. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 06:21:26.728 # Server initialized
  10. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 06:21:26.728 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
  11. redis_1  | 1:M 09 Mar 2022 06:21:26.728 * Ready to accept connections
  12. web_1    |  * Serving Flask app 'app.py' (lazy loading)
  13. web_1    |  * Environment: development
  14. web_1    |  * Debug mode: on
  15. web_1    |  * Running on all addresses.
  16. web_1    |    WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
  17. web_1    |  * Running on http://172.21.0.2:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
  18. web_1    |  * Restarting with stat
  19. web_1    |  * Debugger is active!
  20. web_1    |  * Debugger PIN: 143-389-161

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