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路由器双机热备(Router Hot Standby)是一种网络设备冗余配置方式,其中两个路由器组成一对,一个为活动路由器(Active Router),另一个为备用路由器(Standby Router)。活动路由器处理所有数据流量和网络操作,而备用路由器则监控活动路由器的状态,并在必要时快速接管其职责以保持网络连通性。这种配置方式可以提高网络的可用性和鲁棒性。
HSRP(Hot Standby Router Protocol)是一种Cisco开发的路由器双机热备协议,用于提高默认网关的可用性和冗余性。在HSRP配置中,多个路由器组成一个虚拟路由器组,并且其中一个路由器被选为活动路由器来处理数据流量,而其他路由器则作为备用路由器等待接管职责。HSRP使用虚拟IP地址和虚拟MAC地址来实现无感知的故障转移。如果活动路由器失效,备用路由器将立即接管职责并继续为网络设备提供默认网关服务。
interface <interface>
vrrp <group-number> ip <virtual-ip-address>
standby <group-number> priority <priority-value>
track <object-number> decrement <value>
interface <interface>
standby <group-number> ip <virtual-ip-address>
standby <group-number> preempt
standby <group-number> priority <priority-value>
track <object-number> decrement <value>
类型 | 端口 | 地址 |
---|---|---|
PC10-1 | FastEthernet0/1 | 172.17.165.2/24 |
PC10-2 | FastEthernet0/1 | 172.17.165.1/24 |
PC10-3 | FastEthernet0/1 | dhcp |
r0 | GigabitEthernet0/0 | 172.17.165.253/24 |
r0 | GigabitEthernet0/1 | 200.200.200.10/30 |
r1 | GigabitEthernet0/0 | 172.17.165.252/24 |
r1 | GigabitEthernet0/1 | 200.200.200.1/30 |
r2 | GigabitEthernet0/1 | 200.200.200.2/30 |
r2 | GigabitEthernet0/2 | 200.200.200.9/30 |
r2 | GigabitEthernet0/0 | 192.168.1.254/24 |
Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. #给路由器改名称 Router(config)#hostname r0 #给接口添加地址 r0(config)#int g0/0 r0(config-if)#ip add 172.17.165.253 255.255.255.0 r0(config-if)#no sh r0(config-if)#ex r0(config)#int g0/1 r0(config-if)#ip add 200.200.200.10 255.255.255.252 r0(config-if)#no sh r0(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up r0(config-if)# #配置静态路由 r0(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 200.200.200.9 r0(config)# #配置HSRP r0(config)#int g0/0 #配置虚拟网关 r0(config-if)#standby 10 ip 172.17.165.254 #配置优先级,优先级范围1-255,数字越大表示优先级越高,监听端口如果不可用,优先级默认自降10 r0(config-if)#standby 10 priority 195 #配置抢占模式 r0(config-if)#standby 10 preempt #配置端口监听(监听端口是否可用) r0(config-if)#standby 10 track g0/1 r0(config-if)#ex r0(config)# %HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: GigabitEthernet0/0 Grp 10 state Speak -> Standby %HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: GigabitEthernet0/0 Grp 10 state Standby -> Active
Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname r1 r1(config)#int g0/0 r1(config-if)#ip add 172.17.165.252 255.255.255.0 r1(config-if)#no sh r1(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up r1(config-if)#ex r1(config)#int g0/1 r1(config-if)#ip add 200.200.200.1 255.255.255.252 r1(config-if)#no sh r1(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up r1(config-if)# r1(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 200.200.200.2 r1(config)# r1(config)#int g0/0 r1(config-if)#standby 10 ip 172.17.165.254 r1(config-if)#standby 10 priority 200 r1(config-if)#standby 10 preempt r1(config-if)#standby 10 track g0/1 %HSRP-6-STATECHANGE: GigabitEthernet0/0 Grp 10 state Speak -> Standby ta r1(config-if)#
Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname r2 r2(config)#int g0/1 r2(config-if)#ip add 200.200.200.2 255.255.255.252 r2(config-if)#no sh r2(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up r2(config-if)#ex r2(config)#int g0/2 r2(config-if)#ip add 200.200.200.9 255.255.255.252 r2(config-if)#no sh r2(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up r2(config-if)#ex r2(config)#int g0/0 r2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 r2(config-if)#no sh r2(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up r2(config-if)#ex r2(config)#ip dhcp pool 1-254 r2(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 r2(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.1.254 r2(dhcp-config)#ex r2(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.240 192.168.1.254 r2(config)#ip route 172.17.165.0 255.255.255.0 200.200.200.1 r2(config)#ip route 172.17.165.0 255.255.255.0 200.200.200.10 r2(config)#
ping -t 192.168.1.1一直法宝测试,手动断开r1的g0/1端口测试结果如下
Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname isp isp(config)#int g0/2 isp(config-if)#ip add 100.1.1.254 255.255.255.0 isp(config-if)#no sh isp(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up isp(config-if)#ex isp(config)#ip dhcp pool isp isp(dhcp-config)#network 100.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 isp(dhcp-config)#default-router 100.1.1.254 isp(dhcp-config)#dns-server 114.114.114.114 isp(dhcp-config)#ex isp(config)#ip dhcp ex isp(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 100.1.1.240 100.1.1.254 isp(config)# isp(config)#int g0/1 isp(config-if)#ip add 200.1.1.10 255.255.255.252 isp(config-if)#no sh isp(config-if)#ex isp(config)#int g0/0 isp(config-if)#ip add 200.1.1.2 255.255.255.252 isp(config-if)#no sh isp(config-if)#ex isp(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.1.1.1 isp(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.1.1.9 isp(config)#
Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#int g0/0 Router(config-if)#no sh Router(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up Router(config-if)#ip add 172.17.166.2 255.255.255.252 Router(config-if)#ex Router(config)#int g0/2 Router(config-if)#no sh Router(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up Router(config-if)#ip add 172.17.166.26 255.255.255.252 Router(config-if)#ex Router(config)# #这里只是为了方便,实际上应该用ospf Router(config)#ip route 172.17.165.0 255.255.255.0 172.17.166.1 Router(config)#ip route 172.17.165.0 255.255.255.0 172.17.166.25 Router(config)# Router(config)#int g0/1 Router(config-if)#no sh Router(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up Router(config-if)#ip add 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.252 Router(config-if)#ex #这里按需求即可,不一定要使用ospf Router(config)#ip route 100.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.1.2 Router(config)#
Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#int g0/0 Router(config-if)#no sh Router(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up Router(config-if)#ip add 172.17.166.6 255.255.255.252 Router(config-if)#ex Router(config)#int g0/2 Router(config-if)#no sh Router(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up Router(config-if)#ip add 172.17.166.22 255.255.255.252 Router(config-if)#ex Router(config)# #这里只是为了方便,实际上应该用ospf Router(config)#ip route 172.17.165.0 255.255.255.0 172.17.166.5 Router(config)#ip route 172.17.165.0 255.255.255.0 172.17.166.21 Router(config)# r1-2(config)#int g0/1 r1-2(config-if)#no sh r1-2(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up r1-2(config-if)#ip add 200.1.1.9 255.255.255.252 r1-2(config-if)#ex #这里按需求即可,不一定要使用ospf r1-2(config)#ip route 100.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.1.10 r1-2(config)#
Switch>en Switch#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#hostname msw1 msw1(config)#int port-channel 1 msw1(config-if)#int range g1/0/21-24 msw1(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode on msw1(config-if-range)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Port-channel1, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Port-channel1, changed state to up msw1(config-if-range)#ex msw1(config)#int vlan 1 msw1(config-if)#ip add 172.17.165.252 255.255.255.0 msw1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.17.165.254 msw1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 200 msw1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt msw1(config-if)#standby 1 track g1/0/1 msw1(config-if)#standby 1 track g1/0/2 msw1(config-if)#ex msw1(config)# msw1(config)#int g1/0/1 msw1(config-if)#no sw msw1(config-if)#no sh msw1(config-if)#ip add 172.17.166.1 255.255.255.252 msw1(config-if)#ex msw1(config)#int g1/0/2 msw1(config-if)#no sw msw1(config-if)#no sh msw1(config-if)#ip add 172.17.166.5 255.255.255.252 msw1(config-if)#ex #这里只是为了方便,实际上应该用ospf msw1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.17.166.2 msw1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.17.166.6 msw1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 root primary
Switch>en Switch#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#hostname msw2 msw2(config)#int port msw2(config)#int port-channel 1 msw2(config-if)#int range g1/0/21-24 msw2(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode on msw2(config-if-range)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Port-channel1, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Port-channel1, changed state to up msw2(config-if-range)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Port-channel1, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Port-channel1, changed state to up msw2(config-if-range)#ex msw2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.17.165.254 msw2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 195 msw2(config-if)#standby 1 preempt msw2(config-if)#standby 1 track g1/0/1 msw2(config-if)#standby 1 track g1/0/2 msw2(config)#int g1/0/1 msw2(config-if)#no sw msw2(config-if)#no sh msw2(config-if)#ip add 172.17.166.21 255.255.255.252 msw2(config-if)#ex msw2(config)#int g1/0/2 msw2(config-if)#no sw msw2(config-if)#no sh msw2(config-if)#ip add 172.17.166.25 255.255.255.252 msw2(config-if)#ex #这里只是为了方便,实际上应该用ospf msw2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.17.166.22 msw2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.17.166.26 msw2(config)#ip routing msw2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 root secondary
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