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从5.7开始,MySQL开始支持json类型,用于存储JSON数据。提供数据类型的同时也提供了很多关于json的函数供我们使用,本篇文章基本上都来源于官网;https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/ja/json-function-reference.html
JSON_ARRAY()
接受一个值列表(可能为NULL),并返回一个包含这些值的JSON数组JSON_ARRAY([val[, val] ...])
参数 val 表示输入的值。
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY(1, "abc", NULL, TRUE, CURTIME());
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY(1, "abc", NULL, TRUE, CURTIME()) |
+---------------------------------------------+
| [1, "abc", null, true, "10:48:25.000000"] |
+---------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY(null);
+------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY(null) |
+------------------+
| [null] |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
JSON_OBJECT()
接受一个键值对(可以为空)列表,并返回一个包含这些键值对的JSON对象JSON_OBJECT([key, val[, key, val] ...])
key, val 表示一个键值对。如果参数数量为奇数,则会发生报错。
mysql> SELECT JSON_OBJECT('id', 87, 'name', 'carrot');
+-----------------------------------------+
| JSON_OBJECT('id', 87, 'name', 'carrot') |
+-----------------------------------------+
| {"id": 87, "name": "carrot"} |
+-----------------------------------------+
JSON_QUOTE()
通过用双引号字符包裹 字符串 并转义内部引号和其他字符,将字符串引用为 JSON 值,然后将结果作为 utf8mb4 字符串返回。如果参数为NULL则返回NULL。JSON_QUOTE(string)
string 表示要引用的字符串,参数要用单引号括住,如果参数为 NULL,则返回 NULL。
mysql> SELECT JSON_QUOTE('null'), JSON_QUOTE('"null"');
+--------------------+----------------------+
| JSON_QUOTE('null') | JSON_QUOTE('"null"') |
+--------------------+----------------------+
| "null" | "\"null\"" |
+--------------------+----------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_QUOTE('[1, 2, 3]');
+-------------------------+
| JSON_QUOTE('[1, 2, 3]') |
+-------------------------+
| "[1, 2, 3]" |
+-------------------------+
转义字符一般以反斜杠符号\
开头,用来说明后面的字符不是字符本身的含义,而是表示其它的含义。MySQL 中常见的转义字符如下表所示:
JSON 文档是否包含在目标 JSON 文档中
,或者是否在目标文档的指定路径上找到指定元素(如果提供了 path参数)。如果指定 JSON 文档包含在目标 JSON 文档中,该函数返回 1,否则返回 0。JSON_CONTAINS(target, candidate[, path])
参数 target 表示目标 JSON 文档,参数 candidate 用于指定 JSON 文档。
如果任意参数为 NULL,或者 path 参数未被识别为目标文档的一部分,则返回 NULL。
注意:target和candidate参数要使用单引号括住
以下情况都会发生报错:
比较的对象:
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS( '{ "a" : 1, "b" : "2", "c" : { "d" : 4 }}', '1', '$.a' ) as result;
+--------+
| result |
+--------+
| 1 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS( '{ "a" : 1, "b" : "2", "c" : { "d" : 4 }}', '"2"', '$.b' ) as result;
+--------+
| result |
+--------+
| 1 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS( '{ "a" : 1, "b" : 2, "c" : { "d" : 4 }}', '{ "d" : 4 }', '$.c' ) as result;
+--------+
| result |
+--------+
| 1 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
判断json数据类型当中的数组,是否包含某个元素:
实战当中可使用:SELECT json_contains( CAST( declaration_info -> '$.intellectual.intellectualProperty' AS JSON ), json_array( 2 ) from 表;
JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(json_doc, one_or_all, path[, path] ...)
参数 json_doc 用于指定 JSON 文档,path 为路径参数。如果任何参数为 NULL,则返回 NULL。
对于 one_or_all 参数,可选值如下:
以下情况都会发生报错:
mysql> SET @j = '{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": {"d": 4}}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.a', '$.e');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.a', '$.e') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'all', '$.a', '$.e');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'all', '$.a', '$.e') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| 0 |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.c.d');
+----------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.c.d') |
+----------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+----------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.a.d');
+----------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.a.d') |
+----------------------------------------+
| 0 |
+----------------------------------------+
JSON_EXTRACT(json_doc, path[, path] ...)
->
跟 JSON_EXTRACT
函数 都可以用来根据key值取value,他两个其实就是等价的。->
语法:(5.7.9版本开始支持的):json列名->"path"
(这个好像是不能直接使用json的,只能使用存储好json的列名).*
获取对象中的所有元素。参数 json_doc 用于指定 JSON 文档,path 为路径参数。
如果参数 json_doc 不是有效的 JSON 文档或任意 path 参数不是有效的路径表达式,则会发生错误。
返回值由 path 参数的所有匹配值组成。如果这些参数返回多个值,则匹配值将自动包裹为一个数组,顺序与生成它们的路径相对应。否则,返回单个匹配值。
这个是实际开发当中重点要使用的,所以我着重记录一下这块,下面我会频繁使用该json数据作为测试:
{"testFee": "3.00", "developList": [{"indicators": "的地方北方热", "annualTarget": "发热的随访人", "annualCompletion": "发VG热娃娃"}, {"indicators": "1111", "annualTarget": "2222", "annualCompletion": "3333"}], "fundBalance": {"totalFunds": "3.00", "totalProject": "3.00", "totalExpenses": "3.00"}}
然后新增的一个test表,有两个字段,json1一个是json类型的,另一个是longtext类型的,但是存储的数据都是上面那个json,主要也是想看一下,两个字段都存json是否都可以使用json函数:
[0]
就是取的整个数组,下标是从0开始的,[0]
就是取的数组第一条数据obclient> SELECT JSON_EXTRACT('[10, 20, [30, 40]]', '$[2][1]');
+-----------------------------------------------+
| JSON_EXTRACT('[10, 20, [30, 40]]', '$[2][1]') |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| 40 |
+-----------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
以上都是对查询做的测试,实际上不仅仅可以用于查询,还可以作为条件,这里就不测试了哈
注意:这种写法是错误的
mysql> SELECT '{"testFee": "3.00"}' -> '$.testFee';
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '-> '$.testFee'' at line 1
通过上面的取值会发现我们取出来的值都带有双引号:
mysql也给我们提供了专门的函数用于去除引号:
->>
(5.7.13版本开始支持的)语法:json列名->>"path"
JSON_UNQUOTE(JSON_EXTRACT(json_doc, path[, path] ...)
那会刚用的时候不知道有这个函数,于是便是用了trim()函数来去除的引号:trim函数用于删除字符串str头或尾的指定字符串remstr,通常用来移除字符串首尾两端的空格
– 完整格式: TRIM([{BOTH | LEADING | TRAILING} [remstr] FROM] str)
– testxx (删除指定的首字符 x)
SELECT TRIM(LEADING ‘x’ FROM ‘xxtestxx’);
– test (删除指定的首尾字符 x)
SELECT TRIM(BOTH ‘x’ FROM ‘xxtestxx’);
– xxtest (删除指定的尾字符 x)
SELECT TRIM(TRAILING ‘x’ FROM ‘xxtestxx’);
– testx (删除指定的尾字符 xyz)
SELECT TRIM(TRAILING ‘xyz’ FROM ‘testxxyz’);
JSON_KEYS(json_doc[, path])
参数 json_doc 用于指定 JSON 文档,path 为路径参数。如果任何参数为 NULL,则返回 NULL。
如果 json_doc 参数指定的不是对象(指的是json数据类型当中的 对象),或者 path(如果给出)不对应任何路径,返回 NULL。
以下情况都会发生报错:
如果选定的对象为空,则结果为空。如果顶层值嵌套了子对象,则返回值不包括来自这些子对象的 Key。
mysql> SELECT JSON_KEYS('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}');
+---------------------------------------+
| JSON_KEYS('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}') |
+---------------------------------------+
| ["a", "b"] |
+---------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_KEYS('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}', '$.b');
+----------------------------------------------+
| JSON_KEYS('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}', '$.b') |
+----------------------------------------------+
| ["c"] |
+----------------------------------------------+
JSON_OVERLAPS(json_doc1, json_doc2)
参数 json_doc1 和 json_doc2 分别指定两个用于比较的 JSON 文档。如果两个参数都是标量,则函数执行简单的相等性测试。
该函数与 JSON_CONTAINS()
对应,它要求搜索的数组的所有元素都存在于被搜索的数组中。因此,JSON_CONTAINS()
对搜索键执行 AND
运算,而 JSON_OVERLAPS()
执行 OR
运算。
在比较两个数组时,如果它们共享一个或多个数组元素,则 JSON_OVERLAPS() 返回 1,否则返回 0。
在 WHERE 子句中使用 JSON_OVERLAPS() 对 InnoDB 表的 JSON 列的查询,可以使用多值索引进行优化。
mysql> SELECT JSON_OVERLAPS("[1,3,5,7]", "[2,5,7]");
+---------------------------------------+
| JSON_OVERLAPS("[1,3,5,7]", "[2,5,7]") |
+---------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT JSON_OVERLAPS("[1,3,5,7]", "[2,6,8]");
+---------------------------------------+
| JSON_OVERLAPS("[1,3,5,7]", "[2,6,8]") |
+---------------------------------------+
| 0 |
+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT JSON_OVERLAPS('{"a":1,"b":10,"d":10}', '{"c":1,"e":10,"f":1,"d":10}');
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_OVERLAPS('{"a":1,"b":10,"d":10}', '{"c":1,"e":10,"f":1,"d":10}') |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
JSON_SEARCH(json_doc, one_or_all, search_str[, escape_char[, path] ...])
参数 json_doc 用于指定 JSON 文档,search_str 为搜索字符串参数(支持%字符串%模糊查询),escape_char 参数指定常量表达式,path 为路径参数。
如果任何参数为 NULL,则返回 NULL;如果文档中不存在路径或未找到指定字符串,也会返回 NULL。
对于 one_or_all 参数,可选值如下:
对于 search_str 参数,% 和 _ 字符与 LIKE 运算符的作用相同,含义如下:
如果要在搜索字符串中指定 %
或 _
字符,请在其前面加上转义字符。如果缺少 escape_char 参数或者为NULL,则转义字符默认值为 \。否则,escape_char 必须是一个空的常量或字符。
无论数据库的编码值为多少,search_str 和 path 总是作为 utf8mb4 字符串使用。
以下情况会发生报错:
mysql> SET @j = '["abc", [{"k": "10"}, "def"], {"x":"abc"}, {"y":"bcd"}]';
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'one', 'abc');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'one', 'abc') |
+-------------------------------+
| "$[0]" |
+-------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'abc');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'abc') |
+-------------------------------+
| ["$[0]", "$[2].x"] |
+-------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'ghi');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'ghi') |
+-------------------------------+
| NULL |
+-------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10');
+------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10') |
+------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k" |
+------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$');
+-----------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$') |
+-----------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k" |
+-----------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[*]');
+--------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[*]') |
+--------------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k" |
+--------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$**.k');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$**.k') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k" |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[*][0].k');
+-------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[*][0].k') |
+-------------------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k" |
+-------------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[1]');
+--------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[1]') |
+--------------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k" |
+--------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[1][0]');
+-----------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[1][0]') |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k" |
+-----------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'abc', NULL, '$[2]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'abc', NULL, '$[2]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| "$[2].x" |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%a%');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%a%') |
+-------------------------------+
| ["$[0]", "$[2].x"] |
+-------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%') |
+-------------------------------+
| ["$[0]", "$[2].x", "$[3].y"] |
+-------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[0]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[0]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| "$[0]" |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[2]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[2]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| "$[2].x" |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[1]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[1]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| NULL |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', '', '$[1]');
+-------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', '', '$[1]') |
+-------------------------------------------+
| NULL |
+-------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', '', '$[3]');
+-------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', '', '$[3]') |
+-------------------------------------------+
| "$[3].y" |
+-------------------------------------------+
JSON_VALUE(json_doc, path [RETURNING type] [on_empty] [on_error])
on_empty:
{NULL | ERROR | DEFAULT value} ON EMPTY
on_error:
{NULL | ERROR | DEFAULT value} ON ERROR
相关参数解释如下:
json_doc 参数指定有效的 JSON 文档。
path 参数是指向文档中某个位置的 JSON 路径,必须是字符串。
type 参数是支持如下数据类型:
如果没有使用 RETURNING 子句,则该函数的返回类型为 VARCHAR(512)。
当没有为返回类型指定字符集时,JSON_VALUE() 使用 utf8mb4 和二进制排序规则,并区分大小写; 如果将 utf8mb4指定为结果的字符集,则服务器使用此字符集的默认排序规则,不用区分大小写。
当在指定路径中未找到数据时,on_empty 子句用于指定 JSON_VALUE() 的行为。该子句取值如下:
当发生错误时,on_error 取值如下:
通常,JSON_VALUE() 会检查所有 JSON 输入(文档和路径)的有效性。如果其中任何一个为无效,则会抛出 SQL 错误,而不触发 ON ERROR 子句。
如果发生以下某一事件,就会触发 ON ERROR:
mysql> select json_value('{"item": "shoes", "price": "49.95"}', '$.item');
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| json_value('{"item": "shoes", "price": "49.95"}', '$.item') |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| shoes |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select json_value('{"item": "shoes", "price": "49.95"}', '$.price' returning decimal(4,2)) as price;
+-------+
| price |
+-------+
| 49.95 |
+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select json_value('{"item": "shoes", "price": "49.95"}', '$.price1' error on empty);
ERROR 3966 (22035): No value was found by 'json_value' on the specified path.
mysql> select json_value('[1, 2, 3]', '$[1 to 2]' error on error);
ERROR 3967 (22034): More than one value was found by 'json_value' on the specified path.
mysql> select json_value('{"item": "shoes", "price": "49.95"}', '$.item' returning unsigned error on error) as price;
ERROR 1690 (22003): UNSIGNED value is out of range in 'json_value'
元素 value MEMBER OF(json_array)
如果 value 是 json_array 的元素,则返回 1,否则返回 0。
value 必须是标量或 JSON 文档;如果它是标量,则运算符会将其视为 JSON 数组的元素。
mysql> SELECT 'ab' MEMBER OF('[23, "abc", 17, "ab", 10]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| 'ab' MEMBER OF('[23, "abc", 17, "ab", 10]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+---------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT
-> 17 MEMBER OF('[23, "abc", "17", "ab", 10]'),
-> "17" MEMBER OF('[23, "abc", 17, "ab", 10]')\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
17 MEMBER OF('[23, "abc", "17", "ab", 10]'): 0
"17" MEMBER OF('[23, "abc", 17, "ab", 10]'): 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT cast( '{ "indicators" : "的地方北方热", "annualTarget" : "发热的随访人", "annualCompletion" : "发VG热娃娃" }' AS json ) MEMBER OF ('[{
'> "indicators": "的地方北方热",
'> "annualTarget": "发热的随访人",
'> "annualCompletion": "发VG热娃娃"
'> }, {
'> "indicators": "1111",
'> "annualTarget": "2222",
'> "annualCompletion": "3333"
'> }]') as result;
+--------+
| result |
+--------+
| 1 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
要对本身为数组的值使用此操作符,必须将其显式转换为JSON数组。你可以用CAST (…)为JsoN):
mysql> SELECT CAST('[4,5]' AS JSON) MEMBER OF('[[3,4],[4,5]]');
+--------------------------------------------------+
| CAST('[4,5]' AS JSON) MEMBER OF('[[3,4],[4,5]]') |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+--------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
也可以使用JSON ARRAY()函数执行必要的强制转换,如下所示:
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY(4,5) MEMBER OF('[[3,4],[4,5]]');
+--------------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY(4,5) MEMBER OF('[[3,4],[4,5]]') |
+--------------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+--------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
任何用作要测试的值或出现在目标数组中的JSON对象都必须使用CAST强制转换或JSON_OBJECT()。
此外,包含JSON对象的目标数组本身必须使用JSON_ARRAY进行强制转换,下面的语句序列演示了这一点:
mysql> SELECT'{
'> "indicators": "的地方北方热",
'> "annualTarget": "发热的随访人",
'> "annualCompletion": "发VG热娃娃"
'> }' MEMBER OF ( '[{
'> "indicators": "的地方北方热",
'> "annualTarget": "发热的随访人",
'> "annualCompletion": "发VG热娃娃"
'> }, {
'> "indicators": "1111",
'> "annualTarget": "2222",
'> "annualCompletion": "3333"
'> }]' ) AS result;
+--------+
| result |
+--------+
| 0 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT JSON_OBJECT( 'indicators', "的地方北方热", "annualTarget", "发热的随访人", "annualCompletion", "发VG热娃娃" ) MEMBER OF ( '[{
'> "indicators": "的地方北方热",
'> "annualTarget": "发热的随访人",
'> "annualCompletion": "发VG热娃娃"
'> }, {
'> "indicators": "1111",
'> "annualTarget": "2222",
'> "annualCompletion": "3333"
'> }]' ) AS result;
+--------+
| result |
+--------+
| 1 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] ...)
json_doc 参数用于指定 JSON 文档,path 为路径参数。如果任何参数为 NULL,则返回 NULL。
以下情况都会发生报错:
如果路径对应的值是一个标量或对象值,则该值将自动包裹在数组中,并将新值添加到该数组中。
数组:
mysql> SET @j = '["a", ["b", "c"], "d"]';
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$[1]', 1);
+----------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$[1]', 1) |
+----------------------------------+
| ["a", ["b", "c", 1], "d"] |
+----------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$[0]', 2);
+----------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$[0]', 2) |
+----------------------------------+
| [["a", 2], ["b", "c"], "d"] |
+----------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$[1][0]', 3);
+-------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$[1][0]', 3) |
+-------------------------------------+
| ["a", [["b", 3], "c"], "d"] |
+-------------------------------------+
对象:
mysql> SET @j = '{"a": 1, "b": [2, 3], "c": 4}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$.b', 'x');
+------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$.b', 'x') |
+------------------------------------+
| {"a": 1, "b": [2, 3, "x"], "c": 4} |
+------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$.c', 'y');
+--------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$.c', 'y') |
+--------------------------------------+
| {"a": 1, "b": [2, 3], "c": [4, "y"]} |
+--------------------------------------+
mysql> SET @j = '{"a": 1}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$', 'z');
+---------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$', 'z') |
+---------------------------------+
| [{"a": 1}, "z"] |
+---------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND('{"a": 1}','$',JSON_OBJECT( 'z', 2 ));
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_APPEND('{"a": 1}','$',JSON_OBJECT( 'z', 2 )) |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| [{"a": 1}, {"z": 2}] |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] ...)
json_doc 参数用于指定 JSON 文档,path 为路径参数。如果任何参数为 NULL,则返回 NULL。
以下情况都会发生报错:
如果路径识别了某一数组元素,则在该元素位置插入相应的值,将所有后续值向右移动。如果路径识别的数组位置超出数组末尾的位置,则将值插入到数组末尾。
mysql> SET @j = '["a", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3, 4]]';
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[1]', 'x');
+------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[1]', 'x') |
+------------------------------------+
| ["a", "x", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3, 4]] |
+------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[100]', 'x');
+--------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[100]', 'x') |
+--------------------------------------+
| ["a", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3, 4], "x"] |
+--------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[1].b[0]', 'x');
+-----------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[1].b[0]', 'x') |
+-----------------------------------------+
| ["a", {"b": ["x", 1, 2]}, [3, 4]] |
+-----------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[2][1]', 'y');
+---------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[2][1]', 'y') |
+---------------------------------------+
| ["a", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3, "y", 4]] |
+---------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[0]', 'x', '$[2][1]', 'y');
+----------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[0]', 'x', '$[2][1]', 'y') |
+----------------------------------------------------+
| ["x", "a", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3, 4]] |
+----------------------------------------------------+
假如数组元素是对象,这时候要插入一定要使用cast进行转换一下,不然直接以字符串进行插入会出现问题,他会以为你让他追加字符串!
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT( '[{
'> "indicators": "的地方北方热",
'> "annualTarget": "发热的随访人",
'> "annualCompletion": "发VG热娃娃"
'> }, {
'> "indicators": "1111",
'> "annualTarget": "2222",
'> "annualCompletion": "3333"
'> }]', '$[3]', cast( '{"indicators":"999","annualTarget":"999","annualCompletion":"999"}' AS json ) ) AS result FROM test;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| result |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [{"indicators": "的地方北方热", "annualTarget": "发热的随访人", "annualCompletion": "发VG热娃娃"},
{"indicators": "1111", "annualTarget": "2222", "annualCompletion": "3333"},
{"indicators": "999", "annualTarget": "999", "annualCompletion": "999"}] |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT( '[{
'> "indicators": "的地方北方热",
'> "annualTarget": "发热的随访人",
'> "annualCompletion": "发VG热娃娃"
'> }, {
'> "indicators": "1111",
'> "annualTarget": "2222",
'> "annualCompletion": "3333"
'> }]', '$[3]', '{"indicators":"999","annualTarget":"999","annualCompletion":"999"}' ) AS result FROM test;
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| result |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [{"indicators": "的地方北方热", "annualTarget": "发热的随访人", "annualCompletion": "发VG热娃娃"},
{"indicators": "1111", "annualTarget": "2222", "annualCompletion": "3333"},
"{\"indicators\":\"999\",\"annualTarget\":\"999\",\"annualCompletion\":\"999\"}"] |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
JSON_INSERT(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] ...)
json_doc 参数用于指定 JSON 文档,path 为路径参数。如果任何参数为 NULL,则返回 NULL。
以下情况都会发生报错:
mysql> SELECT JSON_INSERT('{ "a": 1, "b": [2, 3]}', '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]');
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_INSERT('{ "a": 1, "b": [2, 3]}', '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]') |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 1, "b": [2, 3], "c": "[true, false]"} |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> SELECT JSON_INSERT( '{ "a": 1, "b": [2, 3],"c":666}', '$.a', 10, '$.c', 999 );
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_INSERT( '{ "a": 1, "b": [2, 3],"c":666}', '$.a', 10, '$.c', 999 ) |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 1, "b": [2, 3], "c": 666} |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
JSON_MERGE(json_doc, json_doc[, json_doc] ...)
obclient> SELECT JSON_MERGE('[1, 2, 3]', '[true, false]', '{"a":100}');
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE('[1, 2, 3]', '[true, false]', '{"a":100}') |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| [1, 2, 3, true, false, {"a": 100}] |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
obclient> SELECT JSON_MERGE('{"1": 2}', '[true, false]', '{"a":100}');
+------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE('{"1": 2}', '[true, false]', '{"a":100}') |
+------------------------------------------------------+
| [{"1": 2}, true, false, {"a": 100}] |
+------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
obclient> SELECT JSON_MERGE('{"1": 2}', '{"a":100}');
+--------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE('{"1": 2}', '{"a":100}') |
+--------------------------------------+
| {"1": 2, "a": 100} |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set
JSON_MERGE_PATCH(json_doc, json_doc[, json_doc] ...)
SON_MERGE_PATCH() 执行合并的规则如下:
如果第一个参数不是对象,则将其视为空对象与第二个参数合并作为合并结果。
如果第二个参数不是对象,则合并结果是第二个参数。
如果两个参数都是对象,则合并结果是具有以下成员的对象:
obclient> SELECT JSON_MERGE_PATCH('[1, 2, 3]', '[true, false]');
+------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE_PATCH('[1, 2, 3]', '[true, false]') |
+------------------------------------------------+
| [true, false] |
+------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
obclient> SELECT JSON_MERGE_PATCH('{"name": "x"}', '{"id": 23}');
+-------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE_PATCH('{"name": "x"}', '{"id": 23}') |
+-------------------------------------------------+
| {"id": 23, "name": "x"} |
+-------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
obclient> SELECT JSON_MERGE_PATCH('1', 'true');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE_PATCH('1', 'true') |
+-------------------------------+
| true |
+-------------------------------+
1 row in set
obclient> SELECT JSON_MERGE_PATCH('[1, 2, 3]', '{"id": 45}');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE_PATCH('[1, 2, 3]', '{"id": 45}') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| {"id": 45} |
+---------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
obclient> SELECT JSON_MERGE_PATCH('{ "a": 1, "b":2 }','{ "a": 3, "c":4 }');
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE_PATCH('{ "a": 1, "b":2 }','{ "a": 3, "c":4 }') |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 3, "b": 2, "c": 4} |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
obclient> SELECT JSON_MERGE_PATCH('{ "a": 1, "b":2 }',NULL);
+--------------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE_PATCH('{ "a": 1, "b":2 }',NULL) |
+--------------------------------------------+
| NULL |
+--------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
obclient> SELECT JSON_MERGE_PATCH('{ "a": 1, "b":2 }','{ "a": 3, "c":4 }', '{ "a": 5, "d":6 }');
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE_PATCH('{ "a": 1, "b":2 }','{ "a": 3, "c":4 }', '{ "a": 5, "d":6 }') |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 5, "b": 2, "c": 4, "d": 6} |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE(json_doc, json_doc[, json_doc] ...)
如果任何参数为 NULL,则返回 NULL。如果任何参数不是有效的 JSON 文档,则会报错。
JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE() 合并规则如下:
obclient> SELECT JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE('[1, 2, 3]', '[true, false]');
+---------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE('[1, 2, 3]', '[true, false]') |
+---------------------------------------------------+
| [1, 2, 3, true, false] |
+---------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
obclient> SELECT JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE('{"name": "apple"}', '{"id": 56}');
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE('{"name": "apple"}', '{"id": 56}') |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| {"id": 56, "name": "apple"} |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
obclient> SELECT JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE('1', 'true');
+----------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE('1', 'true') |
+----------------------------------+
| [1, true] |
+----------------------------------+
1 row in set
obclient> SELECT JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE('[1, 2, 3]', '{"id": 56}');
+------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE('[1, 2, 3]', '{"id": 56}') |
+------------------------------------------------+
| [1, 2, 3, {"id": 56}] |
+------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
obclient> SELECT JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE('{ "a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 5}', '{ "a": 3, "c": 4 }');
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE('{ "a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 5}', '{ "a": 3, "c": 4 }') |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": [1, 3], "b": 2, "c": [5, 4]} |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
obclient> SELECT JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE('{ "a": 1, "b": 2 }','{ "a": 3, "c": 4 }', '{ "a": 5, "d": 6 }');
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE('{ "a": 1, "b": 2 }','{ "a": 3, "c": 4 }', '{ "a": 5, "d": 6 }') |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": [1, 3, 5], "b": 2, "c": 4, "d": 6} |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
JSON_REMOVE(json_doc, path[, path] ...)
json_doc 参数用于指定 JSON 文档,path 为路径参数。如果任何参数为 NULL,则返回 NULL。
以下情况都会发生报错:
如果要移除的元素在文档中不存在,则不会产生错误。在这种情况下,路径不会影响文档。
obclient> SET @jn = '["a", ["b", "c"], "d"]';
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> SELECT JSON_REMOVE(@jn, '$[1]');
+--------------------------+
| JSON_REMOVE(@jn, '$[1]') |
+--------------------------+
| ["a", "d"] |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set
obclient> SELECT JSON_REMOVE(@jn, '$[7]');
+--------------------------+
| JSON_REMOVE(@jn, '$[7]') |
+--------------------------+
| ["a", ["b", "c"], "d"] |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set
JSON_REPLACE(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] ...)
文档中现有路径的 path-value 对会用新值覆盖现有文档值。文档中不存在路径的 path-value 将被忽略且无效。
obclient> SET @jn = '{ "a": 1, "b": [2, 3, 4]}';
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> SELECT JSON_REPLACE(@jn, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]');
+------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_REPLACE(@jn, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]') |
+------------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 10, "b": [2, 3, 4]} |
+------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
JSON_SET(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] ...)
json_doc 参数用于指定 JSON 文档,path 为路径参数。如果任何参数为 NULL 或 path(如果给定)未定位到对象,则返回 NULL。
以下情况都会发生报错:
文档中现有路径的 path-value 对会用新值覆盖现有文档值。如果路径标识的对象不存在,则文档中不存在路径的路径值对会按照如下规则添加到文档中:
obclient> SET @jn = '{ "a": 1, "b": [2, 3]}';
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> SELECT JSON_SET(@jn, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]');
+--------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SET(@jn, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]') |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 10, "b": [2, 3], "c": "[true, false]"} |
+--------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
json_doc 参数用于指定 JSON 文档。如果参数为 NULL,则返回 NULL。
如果参数不是有效的 JSON 文档,则会发生错误。
空数组、空对象或标量值的深度为 1。仅包含深度为 1 的元素的非空数组深度为 2,仅包含深度为 1 的成员值的非空对象的深度为 2。否则,JSON 文档的深度大于 2。
mysql> SELECT JSON_DEPTH('{}'), JSON_DEPTH('[]'), JSON_DEPTH('true');
+------------------+------------------+--------------------+
| JSON_DEPTH('{}') | JSON_DEPTH('[]') | JSON_DEPTH('true') |
+------------------+------------------+--------------------+
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
+------------------+------------------+--------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_DEPTH('[10, 20]'), JSON_DEPTH('[[], {}]');
+------------------------+------------------------+
| JSON_DEPTH('[10, 20]') | JSON_DEPTH('[[], {}]') |
+------------------------+------------------------+
| 2 | 2 |
+------------------------+------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_DEPTH('[10, {"a": 20}]');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_DEPTH('[10, {"a": 20}]') |
+-------------------------------+
| 3 |
+-------------------------------+
JSON_LENGTH(json_doc[, path])
json_doc 参数用于指定 JSON 文档,path 为路径参数。如果任何参数为 NULL 或 path 参数未标识文档中的值,则返回 NULL。
以下情况都会发生报错:
JSON 文档的长度定义如下:
mysql> SELECT JSON_LENGTH('[1, 2, {"a": 3}]');
+---------------------------------+
| JSON_LENGTH('[1, 2, {"a": 3}]') |
+---------------------------------+
| 3 |
+---------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_LENGTH('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}');
+-----------------------------------------+
| JSON_LENGTH('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}') |
+-----------------------------------------+
| 2 |
+-----------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_LENGTH('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}', '$.b');
+------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_LENGTH('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}', '$.b') |
+------------------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+------------------------------------------------+
JSON_TYPE(json_val)
参数 json_val 可以是对象、数组或标量类型。
如果参数为 NULL,则返回 NULL。如果参数不是有效的 JSON 值,则会报错。
mysql> SET @j = '{"a": [10, true]}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_TYPE(@j);
+---------------+
| JSON_TYPE(@j) |
+---------------+
| OBJECT |
+---------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_TYPE(JSON_EXTRACT(@j, '$.a'));
+------------------------------------+
| JSON_TYPE(JSON_EXTRACT(@j, '$.a')) |
+------------------------------------+
| ARRAY |
+------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_TYPE(JSON_EXTRACT(@j, '$.a[0]'));
+---------------------------------------+
| JSON_TYPE(JSON_EXTRACT(@j, '$.a[0]')) |
+---------------------------------------+
| INTEGER |
+---------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_TYPE(JSON_EXTRACT(@j, '$.a[1]'));
+---------------------------------------+
| JSON_TYPE(JSON_EXTRACT(@j, '$.a[1]')) |
+---------------------------------------+
| BOOLEAN |
+---------------------------------------+
obclient> SELECT JSON_VALID('{"a": 1}');
+------------------------+
| JSON_VALID('{"a": 1}') |
+------------------------+
| 1 |
+------------------------+
1 row in set
obclient> SELECT JSON_VALID('oceanbase'), JSON_VALID('"oceanbase"');
+-------------------------+---------------------------+
| JSON_VALID('oceanbase') | JSON_VALID('"oceanbase"') |
+-------------------------+---------------------------+
| 0 | 1 |
+-------------------------+---------------------------+
1 row in set
JSON_PRETTY(json_val)
参数 json_val 必须是 JSON 值或 JSON 值的有效字符串表示形式。此值中存在的无关空格和换行符对输出没有影响。如果该值不是 JSON 文档,或者无法进行解析,则该函数将执行失败并显示错误。
obclient> SELECT JSON_PRETTY('{"a":"10","b":"20","c":"30"}');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_PRETTY('{"a":"10","b":"20","c":"30"}') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| {
"a": "10",
"b": "20",
"c": "30"
} |
+---------------------------------------------+
1 row in set
JSON_STORAGE_SIZE(json_val)
json_val 参数必须是有效的 JSON 文档或可以解析为一个字符串。在 json_val 是字符串的情况下,该函数将字符串解析为 JSON 并将其转换为二进制后返回存储空间的二进制字节数。
obclient> CREATE TABLE jtbl (jcol JSON);
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> INSERT INTO jtbl VALUES ('{"a": 1000, "b": "wxyz", "c": "[1, 3, 5, 7]"}');
Query OK, 1 row affected
obclient> SELECT jcol,JSON_STORAGE_SIZE(jcol) AS Size FROM jtbl;
+-----------------------------------------------+------+
| jcol | Size |
+-----------------------------------------------+------+
| {"a": 1000, "b": "wxyz", "c": "[1, 3, 5, 7]"} | 41 |
+-----------------------------------------------+------+
1 row in set
JSON_ARRAYAGG(col_or_expr)[over_clause]
参数 col_or_expr 为列或表达式。如果结果不包含行,或者出现错误,则返回 NULL。
obclient> CREATE TABLE tbl1 (oid INT, attr VARCHAR(100), value VARCHAR(100));
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> INSERT INTO tbl1 VALUES (2, 'color', 'red'),(2, 'fabric', 'silk'),(3,'color','green'),(3,'shape','square');
Query OK, 4 rows affected
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
obclient> SELECT oid, JSON_ARRAYAGG(attr) AS attributes FROM tbl1 GROUP BY oid;
+------+---------------------+
| oid | attributes |
+------+---------------------+
| 2 | ["color", "fabric"] |
| 3 | ["color", "shape"] |
+------+---------------------+
2 rows in set
obclient> INSERT INTO tbl1 SELECT * FROM tbl1;
Query OK, 4 rows affected
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
obclient> SELECT oid, JSON_ARRAYAGG(attr) AS attributes FROM tbl1 GROUP BY oid;
+------+----------------------------------------+
| oid | attributes |
+------+----------------------------------------+
| 2 | ["color", "fabric", "color", "fabric"] |
| 3 | ["color", "shape", "color", "shape"] |
+------+----------------------------------------+
2 rows in set
JSON_OBJECTAGG(key, value) [over_clause]
obclient> SELECT oid, JSON_OBJECTAGG(attr, value) AS attributes FROM tbl1 GROUP BY oid;
+------+---------------------------------------+
| oid | attributes |
+------+---------------------------------------+
| 2 | {"color": "red", "fabric": "silk"} |
| 3 | {"color": "green", "shape": "square"} |
+------+---------------------------------------+
2 rows in set
obclient> CREATE TABLE tbl2(c VARCHAR(10), i INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> INSERT INTO tbl2 VALUES ('key', 3), ('key', 4), ('key', 5);
Query OK, 3 rows affected
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
obclient> SELECT c, i FROM tbl2;
+------+------+
| c | i |
+------+------+
| key | 3 |
| key | 4 |
| key | 5 |
+------+------+
3 rows in set
obclient> SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG(c, i) FROM tbl2;
+----------------------+
| JSON_OBJECTAGG(c, i) |
+----------------------+
| {"key": 5} |
+----------------------+
1 row in set
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