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RabbitMQ就可以解决上述的全部问题
百度百科:
RabbitMQ是实现了高级消息队列协议(AMQP)的开源消息代理软件(亦称面向消息的中间件)。RabbitMQ服务器是用Erlang语言编写的,而集群和故障转移是构建在开放电信平台框架上的。所有主要的编程语言均有与代理接口通讯的客户端库。
首先RabbitMQ基于AMQP协议开发,所以很多基于AMQP协议的功能RabbitMQ都是支持的,比如SpringCloud中的消息总线bus
其次RabbitMQ是基于Erlang编写,这是也是RabbitMQ天生的优势,Erlang被称为面向并发编程的语言,并发能力极强,在众多的MQ中,RabbitMQ的延迟特别低,在微秒级别,所以一般的业务处理RabbitMQ比Kafka和RocketMQ更有优势。
最后RabbitMQ提供自带了图形化界面,操作方便,还自带了多种集群模式,可以保证RabbitMQ的高可用,并且SpringBoot默认就整合RabbitMQ,使用简单方便。
这里推荐搭建采用Docker的方式在Linux中安装RabbitMQ,如果对Docker不了解,推荐去学习一下Docker的应用,不然学习其他的知识时,安装的成本都特别高,这里我们就采用Docker的方式安装RabbitMQ。
直接使用docker-compose.yml文件即可安装RabbitMQ服务
version: '3.1'
services:
rabbitmq:
restart: always
image: daocloud.io/library/rabbitmq:3.8.8
volumes:
- ./data/:/var/lib/rabbitmq/
- ./log/:/var/log/rabbitmq/log/
ports:
- 15672:15672
- 5672:5672
执行 docker-compose up -d
运行
测试效果:curl localhost:5672
查看效果 |
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默认情况下,当前镜像的图形化界面默认没有开启,需要进入到容器内部开启图形化管理界面
启动图形化界面插件 |
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通过浏览器访问15672,查看图形化界面
查看登录页面 |
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默认用户和密码均为:guest,查看首页
查看首页 |
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RabbitMQ的架构可以查看官方地址:https://rabbitmq.com/tutorials/amqp-concepts.html
官方简单架构 |
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可以看出RabbitMQ中主要分为三个角色:
官方提供的架构图相对简洁,我们可以自己画一份相对完整一些的架构图:
RabbitMQ架构图 |
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可以看出Publisher和Consumer都是单独和RabbitMQ服务中某一个Virtual Host建立Connection的客户端
后续通过Connection可以构建Channel通道,用来发布、接收消息
一个Virtual Host中可以有多个Exchange和Queue,Exchange可以同时绑定多个Queue
在基于架构图查看图形化界面,会更加清晰
图形化界面信息 |
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RabbitMQ提供了很多中通讯方式,依然可以去官方查看:https://rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html
七种通讯方式 |
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导入依赖:amqp-client,junit
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>5.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
构建工具类:
package com.mashibing.util; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * @author zjw * @description */ public class RabbitMQConnectionUtil { public static final String RABBITMQ_HOST = "192.168.11.32"; public static final int RABBITMQ_PORT = 5672; public static final String RABBITMQ_USERNAME = "guest"; public static final String RABBITMQ_PASSWORD = "guest"; public static final String RABBITMQ_VIRTUAL_HOST = "/"; /** * 构建RabbitMQ的连接对象 * @return */ public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception { //1. 创建Connection工厂 ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); //2. 设置RabbitMQ的连接信息 factory.setHost(RABBITMQ_HOST); factory.setPort(RABBITMQ_PORT); factory.setUsername(RABBITMQ_USERNAME); factory.setPassword(RABBITMQ_PASSWORD); factory.setVirtualHost(RABBITMQ_VIRTUAL_HOST); //3. 返回连接对象 Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); return connection; } }
通讯方式 |
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生产者:
package com.mashibing.helloworld; import com.mashibing.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import org.junit.Test; /** * @author zjw * @description * @date 2022/1/24 22:54 */ public class Publisher { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "hello"; @Test public void publish() throws Exception { //1. 获取连接对象 Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //2. 构建Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3. 构建队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null); //4. 发布消息 String message = "Hello World!"; channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,message.getBytes()); System.out.println("消息发送成功!"); } }
消费者:
package com.mashibing.helloworld; import com.mashibing.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.*; import org.junit.Test; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author zjw * @description * @date 2022/1/24 23:02 */ public class Consumer { @Test public void consume() throws Exception { //1. 获取连接对象 Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //2. 构建Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3. 构建队列 channel.queueDeclare(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null); //4. 监听消息 DefaultConsumer callback = new DefaultConsumer(channel){ @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { System.out.println("消费者获取到消息:" + new String(body,"UTF-8")); } }; channel.basicConsume(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,true,callback); System.out.println("开始监听队列"); System.in.read(); } }
WorkQueues需要学习的内容 |
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生产者:生产者和Hello World的形式是一样的,都是将消息推送到默认交换机。
消费者:让消费者关闭自动ack,并且设置消息的流控,最终实现消费者可以尽可能去多消费消息
package com.mashibing.workqueues; import com.mashibing.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.*; import org.junit.Test; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author zjw * @description * @date 2022/1/25 19:52 */ public class Consumer { @Test public void consume1() throws Exception { //1. 获取连接对象 Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //2. 构建Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3. 构建队列 channel.queueDeclare(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null); //3.5 设置消息的流控 channel.basicQos(3); //4. 监听消息 DefaultConsumer callback = new DefaultConsumer(channel){ @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("消费者1号-获取到消息:" + new String(body,"UTF-8")); channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false); } }; channel.basicConsume(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,false,callback); System.out.println("开始监听队列"); System.in.read(); } @Test public void consume2() throws Exception { //1. 获取连接对象 Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //2. 构建Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3. 构建队列 channel.queueDeclare(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null); channel.basicQos(3); //4. 监听消息 DefaultConsumer callback = new DefaultConsumer(channel){ @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("消费者2号-获取到消息:" + new String(body,"UTF-8")); channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false); } }; channel.basicConsume(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,false,callback); System.out.println("开始监听队列"); System.in.read(); } }
自定义一个交换机 |
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生产者:自行构建Exchange并绑定指定队列(FANOUT类型)
package com.mashibing.pubsub; import com.mashibing.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import org.junit.Test; /** * @author zjw * @description * @date 2022/1/25 20:08 */ public class Publisher { public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "pubsub"; public static final String QUEUE_NAME1 = "pubsub-one"; public static final String QUEUE_NAME2 = "pubsub-two"; @Test public void publish() throws Exception { //1. 获取连接对象 Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //2. 构建Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3. 构建交换机 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT); //4. 构建队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME1,false,false,false,null); channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME2,false,false,false,null); //5. 绑定交换机和队列,使用的是FANOUT类型的交换机,绑定方式是直接绑定 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME1,EXCHANGE_NAME,""); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME2,EXCHANGE_NAME,""); //6. 发消息到交换机 channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"45jk6h645jk",null,"publish/subscribe!".getBytes()); System.out.println("消息成功发送!"); } }
DIRECT类型Exchange |
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生产者:在绑定Exchange和Queue时,需要指定好routingKey,同时在发送消息时,也指定routingKey,只有routingKey一致时,才会把指定的消息路由到指定的Queue
package com.mashibing.routing; import com.mashibing.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import org.junit.Test; /** * @author zjw * @description * @date 2022/1/25 20:20 */ public class Publisher { public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "routing"; public static final String QUEUE_NAME1 = "routing-one"; public static final String QUEUE_NAME2 = "routing-two"; @Test public void publish() throws Exception { //1. 获取连接对象 Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //2. 构建Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3. 构建交换机 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT); //4. 构建队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME1,false,false,false,null); channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME2,false,false,false,null); //5. 绑定交换机和队列 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME1,EXCHANGE_NAME,"ORANGE"); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"BLACK"); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"GREEN"); //6. 发消息到交换机 channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"ORANGE",null,"大橙子!".getBytes()); channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"BLACK",null,"黑布林大狸子".getBytes()); channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"WHITE",null,"小白兔!".getBytes()); System.out.println("消息成功发送!"); } }
Topic模式 |
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生产者:TOPIC类型可以编写带有特殊意义的routingKey的绑定方式
package com.mashibing.topics; import com.mashibing.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import org.junit.Test; /** * @author zjw * @description * @date 2022/1/25 20:28 */ public class Publisher { public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic"; public static final String QUEUE_NAME1 = "topic-one"; public static final String QUEUE_NAME2 = "topic-two"; @Test public void publish() throws Exception { //1. 获取连接对象 Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //2. 构建Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3. 构建交换机 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC); //4. 构建队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME1,false,false,false,null); channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME2,false,false,false,null); //5. 绑定交换机和队列, // TOPIC类型的交换机在和队列绑定时,需要以aaa.bbb.ccc..方式编写routingkey // 其中有两个特殊字符:*(相当于占位符),#(相当通配符) channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME1,EXCHANGE_NAME,"*.orange.*"); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"*.*.rabbit"); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"lazy.#"); //6. 发消息到交换机 channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"big.orange.rabbit",null,"大橙兔子!".getBytes()); channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"small.white.rabbit",null,"小白兔".getBytes()); channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"lazy.dog.dog.dog.dog.dog.dog",null,"懒狗狗狗狗狗狗".getBytes()); System.out.println("消息成功发送!"); } }
因为两个服务在交互时,可以尽量做到Client和Server的解耦,通过RabbitMQ进行解耦操作
需要让Client发送消息时,携带两个属性:
- replyTo告知Server将相应信息放到哪个队列
- correlationId告知Server发送相应消息时,需要携带位置标示来告知Client响应的信息
RPC方式 |
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客户端:
package com.mashibing.rpc; import com.mashibing.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.*; import org.junit.Test; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.UUID; /** * @author zjw * @description * @date 2022/2/8 20:03 */ public class Publisher { public static final String QUEUE_PUBLISHER = "rpc_publisher"; public static final String QUEUE_CONSUMER = "rpc_consumer"; @Test public void publish() throws Exception { //1. 获取连接对象 Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //2. 构建Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3. 构建队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_PUBLISHER,false,false,false,null); channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_CONSUMER,false,false,false,null); //4. 发布消息 String message = "Hello RPC!"; String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); AMQP.BasicProperties props = new AMQP.BasicProperties() .builder() .replyTo(QUEUE_CONSUMER) .correlationId(uuid) .build(); channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_PUBLISHER,props,message.getBytes()); channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_CONSUMER,false,new DefaultConsumer(channel){ @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String id = properties.getCorrelationId(); if(id != null && id.equalsIgnoreCase(uuid)){ System.out.println("接收到服务端的响应:" + new String(body,"UTF-8")); } channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false); } }); System.out.println("消息发送成功!"); System.in.read(); } }
服务端:
package com.mashibing.rpc; import com.mashibing.helloworld.Publisher; import com.mashibing.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.*; import org.junit.Test; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author zjw * @description * @date 2022/1/24 23:02 */ public class Consumer { public static final String QUEUE_PUBLISHER = "rpc_publisher"; public static final String QUEUE_CONSUMER = "rpc_consumer"; @Test public void consume() throws Exception { //1. 获取连接对象 Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //2. 构建Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3. 构建队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_PUBLISHER,false,false,false,null); channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_CONSUMER,false,false,false,null); //4. 监听消息 DefaultConsumer callback = new DefaultConsumer(channel){ @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { System.out.println("消费者获取到消息:" + new String(body,"UTF-8")); String resp = "获取到了client发出的请求,这里是响应的信息"; String respQueueName = properties.getReplyTo(); String uuid = properties.getCorrelationId(); AMQP.BasicProperties props = new AMQP.BasicProperties() .builder() .correlationId(uuid) .build(); channel.basicPublish("",respQueueName,props,resp.getBytes()); channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false); } }; channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_PUBLISHER,false,callback); System.out.println("开始监听队列"); System.in.read(); } }
创建项目
导入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
配置RabbitMQ信息
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 192.168.11.32
port: 5672
username: guest
password: guest
virtual-host: /
声明交换机&队列
package com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot.config; import org.springframework.amqp.core.*; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * @author zjw * @description * @date 2022/2/8 20:25 */ @Configuration public class RabbitMQConfig { public static final String EXCHANGE = "boot-exchange"; public static final String QUEUE = "boot-queue"; public static final String ROUTING_KEY = "*.black.*"; @Bean public Exchange bootExchange(){ // channel.DeclareExchange return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE).build(); } @Bean public Queue bootQueue(){ return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE).build(); } @Bean public Binding bootBinding(Exchange bootExchange,Queue bootQueue){ return BindingBuilder.bind(bootQueue).to(bootExchange).with(ROUTING_KEY).noargs(); } }
package com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot; import com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot.config.RabbitMQConfig; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.amqp.AmqpException; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; /** * @author zjw * @description * @date 2022/2/8 21:05 */ @SpringBootTest public class PublisherTest { @Autowired public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; @Test public void publish(){ rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE,"big.black.dog","message"); System.out.println("消息发送成功"); } @Test public void publishWithProps(){ rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE, "big.black.dog", "messageWithProps", new MessagePostProcessor() { @Override public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException { message.getMessageProperties().setCorrelationId("123"); return message; } }); System.out.println("消息发送成功"); } } #### 5.3 消费者操作 ```java package com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot; import com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot.config.RabbitMQConfig; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author zjw * @description * @date 2022/2/8 21:11 */ @Component public class ConsumeListener { @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitMQConfig.QUEUE) public void consume(String msg, Channel channel, Message message) throws IOException { System.out.println("队列的消息为:" + msg); String correlationId = message.getMessageProperties().getCorrelationId(); System.out.println("唯一标识为:" + correlationId); channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false); } }
Confirm机制
可以通过Confirm效果保证消息一定送达到Exchange,官方提供了三种方式,选择了对于效率影响最低的异步回调的效果
//4. 开启confirms
channel.confirmSelect();
//5. 设置confirms的异步回调
channel.addConfirmListener(new ConfirmListener() {
@Override
public void handleAck(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {
System.out.println("消息成功的发送到Exchange!");
}
@Override
public void handleNack(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {
System.out.println("消息没有发送到Exchange,尝试重试,或者保存到数据库做其他补偿操作!");
}
});
Return机制
为了保证Exchange上的消息一定可以送达到Queue
//6. 设置Return回调,确认消息是否路由到了Queue
channel.addReturnListener(new ReturnListener() {
@Override
public void handleReturn(int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("消息没有路由到指定队列,做其他的补偿措施!!");
}
});
//7. 在发送消息时,将basicPublish方法参数中的mandatory设置为true,即可开启Return机制,当消息没有路由到队列中时,就会执行return回调
DeliveryMode设置消息持久化
DeliveryMode设置为2代表持久化,如果设置为1,就代表不会持久化。
//7. 设置消息持久化
AMQP.BasicProperties props = new AMQP.BasicProperties()
.builder()
.deliveryMode(2)
.build();
//7. 发布消息
channel.basicPublish("","confirms",true,props,message.getBytes());
详情看WorkQueue模式
编写配置文件开启Confirm机制
spring:
rabbitmq:
publisher-confirm-type: correlated # 新版本
publisher-confirms: true # 老版本
在发送消息时,配置RabbitTemplate
@Test public void publishWithConfirms() throws IOException { rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() { @Override public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) { if(ack){ System.out.println("消息已经送达到交换机!!"); }else{ System.out.println("消息没有送达到Exchange,需要做一些补偿操作!!retry!!!"); } } }); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE,"big.black.dog","message"); System.out.println("消息发送成功"); System.in.read(); }
编写配置文件开启Return机制
spring:
rabbitmq:
publisher-returns: true # 开启Return机制
在发送消息时,配置RabbitTemplate
@Test
public void publishWithReturn() throws IOException {
// 新版本用 setReturnsCallback ,老版本用setReturnCallback
rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ReturnsCallback() {
@Override
public void returnedMessage(ReturnedMessage returned) {
String msg = new String(returned.getMessage().getBody());
System.out.println("消息:" + msg + "路由队列失败!!做补救操作!!");
}
});
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE,"big.black.dog","message");
System.out.println("消息发送成功");
System.in.read();
}
@Test
public void publishWithBasicProperties() throws IOException {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE, "big.black.dog", "message", new MessagePostProcessor() {
@Override
public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {
// 设置消息的持久化!
message.getMessageProperties().setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);
return message;
}
});
System.out.println("消息发送成功");
}
死信&死信队列 |
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死信队列的应用:
package com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot.config; import org.springframework.amqp.core.*; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * @author zjw * @description * @date 2022/2/10 15:04 */ @Configuration public class DeadLetterConfig { public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal-exchange"; public static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal-queue"; public static final String NORMAL_ROUTING_KEY = "normal.#"; public static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead-exchange"; public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead-queue"; public static final String DEAD_ROUTING_KEY = "dead.#"; @Bean public Exchange normalExchange(){ return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(NORMAL_EXCHANGE).build(); } @Bean public Queue normalQueue(){ return QueueBuilder.durable(NORMAL_QUEUE).deadLetterExchange(DEAD_EXCHANGE).deadLetterRoutingKey("dead.abc").build(); } @Bean public Binding normalBinding(Queue normalQueue,Exchange normalExchange){ return BindingBuilder.bind(normalQueue).to(normalExchange).with(NORMAL_ROUTING_KEY).noargs(); } @Bean public Exchange deadExchange(){ return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(DEAD_EXCHANGE).build(); } @Bean public Queue deadQueue(){ return QueueBuilder.durable(DEAD_QUEUE).build(); } @Bean public Binding deadBinding(Queue deadQueue,Exchange deadExchange){ return BindingBuilder.bind(deadQueue).to(deadExchange).with(DEAD_ROUTING_KEY).noargs(); } }
基于消费者进行reject或者nack实现死信效果
package com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot; import com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot.config.DeadLetterConfig; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author zjw * @description * @date 2022/2/10 15:17 */ @Component public class DeadListener { @RabbitListener(queues = DeadLetterConfig.NORMAL_QUEUE) public void consume(String msg, Channel channel, Message message) throws IOException { System.out.println("接收到normal队列的消息:" + msg); channel.basicReject(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false); channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false,false); } }
消息的生存时间
给消息设置生存时间
@Test
public void publishExpire(){
String msg = "dead letter expire";
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(DeadLetterConfig.NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "normal.abc", msg, new MessagePostProcessor() {
@Override
public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {
message.getMessageProperties().setExpiration("5000");
return message;
}
});
}
给队列设置消息的生存时间
@Bean
public Queue normalQueue(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(NORMAL_QUEUE)
.deadLetterExchange(DEAD_EXCHANGE)
.deadLetterRoutingKey("dead.abc")
.ttl(10000)
.build();
}
设置Queue中的消息最大长度
@Bean
public Queue normalQueue(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(NORMAL_QUEUE)
.deadLetterExchange(DEAD_EXCHANGE)
.deadLetterRoutingKey("dead.abc")
.maxLength(1)
.build();
}
只要Queue中已经有一个消息,如果再次发送一个消息,这个消息会变为死信!
下载地址:https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-delayed-message-exchange/releases/tag/3.8.9
死信队列实现延迟消费时,如果延迟时间比较复杂,比较多,直接使用死信队列时,需要创建大量的队列还对应不同的时间,可以采用延迟交换机来解决这个问题。
构建延迟交换机
package com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot.config; import org.springframework.amqp.core.*; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * @author zjw * @description */ @Configuration public class DelayedConfig { public static final String DELAYED_EXCHANGE = "delayed-exchange"; public static final String DELAYED_QUEUE = "delayed-queue"; public static final String DELAYED_ROUTING_KEY = "delayed.#"; @Bean public Exchange delayedExchange(){ Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<>(); arguments.put("x-delayed-type","topic"); Exchange exchange = new CustomExchange(DELAYED_EXCHANGE,"x-delayed-message",true,false,arguments); return exchange; } @Bean public Queue delayedQueue(){ return QueueBuilder.durable(DELAYED_QUEUE).build(); } @Bean public Binding delayedBinding(Queue delayedQueue,Exchange delayedExchange){ return BindingBuilder.bind(delayedQueue).to(delayedExchange).with(DELAYED_ROUTING_KEY).noargs(); } }
发送消息
package com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot; import com.mashibing.rabbitmqboot.config.DelayedConfig; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.amqp.AmqpException; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; /** * @author zjw * @description */ @SpringBootTest public class DelayedPublisherTest { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; @Test public void publish(){ rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(DelayedConfig.DELAYED_EXCHANGE, "delayed.abc", "xxxx", new MessagePostProcessor() { @Override public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException { message.getMessageProperties().setDelay(30000); return message; } }); } }
RabbitMQ的镜像模式
RabbitMQ的集群 |
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高可用
提升RabbitMQ的效率
搭建RabbitMQ集群
准备两台虚拟机(克隆)
准备RabbitMQ的yml文件
rabbitmq1:
version: '3.1' services: rabbitmq1: image: rabbitmq:3.8.5-management-alpine container_name: rabbitmq1 hostname: rabbitmq1 extra_hosts: - "rabbitmq1:192.168.11.32" - "rabbitmq2:192.168.11.33" environment: - RABBITMQ_ERLANG_COOKIE=SDJHFGDFFS ports: - 5672:5672 - 15672:15672 - 4369:4369 - 25672:25672
rabbitmq2:
version: '3.1' services: rabbitmq2: image: rabbitmq:3.8.5-management-alpine container_name: rabbitmq2 hostname: rabbitmq2 extra_hosts: - "rabbitmq1:192.168.11.32" - "rabbitmq2:192.168.11.33" environment: - RABBITMQ_ERLANG_COOKIE=SDJHFGDFFS ports: - 5672:5672 - 15672:15672 - 4369:4369 - 25672:25672
准备完毕之后,启动两台RabbitMQ
启动效果 |
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让RabbitMQ服务实现join操作
需要四个命令完成join操作
让rabbitmq2 join rabbitmq1,需要进入到rabbitmq2的容器内部,去执行下述命令
rabbitmqctl stop_app
rabbitmqctl reset
rabbitmqctl join_cluster rabbit@rabbitmq1
rabbitmqctl start_app
执行成功后:
执行成功后 |
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设置镜像模式
在指定的RabbitMQ服务中设置好镜像策略即可
镜像模式 |
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headers就是一个基于key-value的方式,让Exchange和Queue绑定的到一起的一种规则
相比Topic形式,可以采用的类型更丰富。
headers绑定方式 |
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具体实现方式
package com.mashibing.headers; import com.mashibing.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil; import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP; import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import org.junit.Test; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * @author zjw * @description */ public class Publisher { public static final String HEADER_EXCHANGE = "header_exchange"; public static final String HEADER_QUEUE = "header_queue"; @Test public void publish()throws Exception{ //1. 获取连接对象 Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //2. 构建Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3. 构建交换机和队列并基于header的方式绑定 channel.exchangeDeclare(HEADER_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.HEADERS); channel.queueDeclare(HEADER_QUEUE,true,false,false,null); Map<String,Object> args = new HashMap<>(); // 多个header的key-value只要可以匹配上一个就可以 // args.put("x-match","any"); // 多个header的key-value要求全部匹配上! args.put("x-match","all"); args.put("name","jack"); args.put("age","23"); channel.queueBind(HEADER_QUEUE,HEADER_EXCHANGE,"",args); //4. 发送消息 String msg = "header测试消息!"; Map<String, Object> headers = new HashMap<>(); headers.put("name","jac"); headers.put("age","2"); AMQP.BasicProperties props = new AMQP.BasicProperties() .builder() .headers(headers) .build(); channel.basicPublish(HEADER_EXCHANGE,"",props,msg.getBytes()); System.out.println("发送消息成功,header = " + headers); } }
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