赞
踩
npm install -g @vue/cli
vue ui
使用图形向导来创建 vue 项目,如下图,输入项目名
选择手动配置项目
添加 vue router 和 vuex
选择版本,创建项目
进入项目目录,执行
npm run serve
前端服务器默认占用了 8080 端口,需要修改一下
文档地址:DevServer | webpack
打开 vue.config.js 添加
const { defineConfig } = require('@vue/cli-service')
module.exports = defineConfig({
// ...
devServer: {
port: 7070
}
})
为了避免前后端服务器联调时, fetch、xhr 请求产生跨域问题,需要配置代理
文档地址同上
打开 vue.config.js 添加
const { defineConfig } = require('@vue/cli-service') module.exports = defineConfig({ // ... devServer: { port: 7070, proxy: { '/api': { target: 'http://localhost:8080', changeOrigin: true } } } })
PS D:\2022.js\代码\第3章\client> tree src
D:\2022.JS\代码\第3章\CLIENT\SRC
├─assets
├─components
├─router
├─store
└─views
以后还会添加
Vue 的组件文件以 .vue 结尾,每个组件由三部分组成
<template></template>
<script></script>
<style></style>
入口组件是 App.vue
先删除原有代码,来个 Hello, World 例子
<template>
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default {
data() {
return {
msg: "Hello, Vue!"
}
}
}
</script>
解释
{{}}
在 Vue 里称之为插值表达式,用来绑定 data 方法返回的对象属性,绑定的含义是数据发生变化时,页面显示会同步变化<template>
<div>
<h1>{{ name }}</h1>
<h1>{{ age > 60 ? '老年' : '青年' }}</h1>
</div>
</template>
<script>
const options = {
data: function () {
return { name: '张三', age: 70 };
}
};
export default options;
</script>
{{}}
里只能绑定一个属性,绑定多个属性需要用多个 {{}}
分别绑定<template>
<div>
<div><input type="text" v-bind:value="name"></div>
<div><input type="date" v-bind:value="birthday"></div>
<div><input type="text" :value="age"></div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
const options = {
data: function () {
return { name: '王五', birthday: '1995-05-01', age: 20 };
}
};
export default options;
</script>
<!-- 事件绑定 --> <template> <div> <div><input type="button" value="点我执行m1" v-on:click="m1"></div> <div><input type="button" value="点我执行m2" @click="m2"></div> <div>{{count}}</div> </div> </template> <script> const options = { data: function () { return { count: 0 }; }, methods: { m1() { this.count ++; console.log("m1") }, m2() { this.count --; console.log("m2") } } }; export default options; </script>
<template> <div> <div> <label for="">请输入姓名</label> <input type="text" v-model="name"> </div> <div> <label for="">请输入年龄</label> <input type="text" v-model="age"> </div> <div> <label for="">请选择性别</label> 男 <input type="radio" value="男" v-model="sex"> 女 <input type="radio" value="女" v-model="sex"> </div> <div> <label for="">请选择爱好</label> 游泳 <input type="checkbox" value="游泳" v-model="fav"> 打球 <input type="checkbox" value="打球" v-model="fav"> 健身 <input type="checkbox" value="健身" v-model="fav"> </div> </div> </template> <script> const options = { data: function () { return { name: '', age: null, sex:'男' , fav:['打球']}; }, methods: { } }; export default options; </script>
<!-- 计算属性 --> <template> <div> <h2>{{fullName}}</h2> <h2>{{fullName}}</h2> <h2>{{fullName}}</h2> </div> </template> <script> const options = { data: function () { return { firstName: '三', lastName: '张' }; }, /* methods: { fullName() { console.log('进入了 fullName') return this.lastName + this.firstName; } },*/ computed: { fullName() { console.log('进入了 fullName') return this.lastName + this.firstName; } } }; export default options;
axios 它的底层是用了 XMLHttpRequest(xhr)方式发送请求和接收响应,xhr 相对于之前讲过的 fetch api 来说,功能更强大,但由于是比较老的 api,不支持 Promise,axios 对 xhr 进行了封装,使之支持 Promise,并提供了对请求、响应的统一拦截功能
安装
npm install axios -S
导入
import axios from 'axios'
方法
请求 | 备注 |
---|---|
axios.get(url[, config]) | ⭐️ |
axios.delete(url[, config]) | |
axios.head(url[, config]) | |
axios.options(url[, config]) | |
axios.post(url[, data[, config]]) | ⭐️ |
axios.put(url[, data[, config]]) | |
axios.patch(url[, data[, config]]) |
例子
<template> <div> <input type="button" value="获取远程数据" @click="sendReq()"> </div> </template> <script> import axios from 'axios' const options = { methods: { async sendReq() { // 1. 演示 get, post // const resp = await axios.post('/api/a2'); // 2. 发送请求头 // const resp = await axios.post('/api/a3',{},{ // headers:{ // Authorization:'abc' // } // }); // 3. 发送请求时携带查询参数 ?name=xxx&age=xxx // const name = encodeURIComponent('&&&'); // const age = 18; // const resp = await axios.post(`/api/a4?name=${name}&age=${age}`); // 不想自己拼串、处理特殊字符、就用下面的办法 // const resp = await axios.post('/api/a4', {}, { // params: { // name:'&&&&', // age: 20 // } // }); // 4. 用请求体发数据,格式为 urlencoded // const params = new URLSearchParams(); // params.append("name", "张三"); // params.append("age", 24) // const resp = await axios.post('/api/a4', params); // 5. 用请求体发数据,格式为 multipart // const params = new FormData(); // params.append("name", "李四"); // params.append("age", 30); // const resp = await axios.post('/api/a5', params); // 6. 用请求体发数据,格式为 json const resp = await axios.post('/api/a5json', { name: '王五', age: 50 }); console.log(resp); } } }; export default options; </script>
创建实例
const _axios = axios.create(config);
常见的 config 项有
名称 | 含义 |
---|---|
baseURL | 将自动加在 url 前面 |
headers | 请求头,类型为简单对象 |
params | 跟在 URL 后的请求参数,类型为简单对象或 URLSearchParams |
data | 请求体,类型有简单对象、FormData、URLSearchParams、File 等 |
withCredentials | 跨域时是否携带 Cookie 等凭证,默认为 false |
responseType | 响应类型,默认为 json |
例
const _axios = axios.create({
baseURL: 'http://localhost:8080',
withCredentials: true
});
await _axios.post('/api/a6set')
await _axios.post('/api/a6get')
响应格式
名称 | 含义 |
---|---|
data | 响应体数据 ⭐️ |
status | 状态码 ⭐️ |
headers | 响应头 |
请求拦截器
_axios.interceptors.request.use(
function(config) {
// 比如在这里添加统一的 headers
return config;
},
function(error) {
return Promise.reject(error);
}
);
响应拦截器
_axios.interceptors.response.use(
function(response) {
// 2xx 范围内走这里
return response;
},
function(error) {
// 超出 2xx, 比如 4xx, 5xx 走这里
return Promise.reject(error);
}
);
<template> <div> <input type="button" value="获取远程数据" @click="sendReq()"> <div class="title">学生列表</div> <div class="thead"> <div class="row bold"> <div class="col">编号</div> <div class="col">姓名</div> <div class="col">性别</div> <div class="col">年龄</div> </div> </div> <div class="tbody"> <div class="row" v-if="students.length > 0">显示学生数据</div> <div class="row" v-else>暂无学生数据</div> </div> </div> </template> <script> import axios from '../util/myaxios' const options = { data: function() { return { students: [] }; }, methods : { async sendReq() { const resp = await axios.get("/api/students"); console.log(resp.data.data) this.students = resp.data.data; } } }; export default options; </script> <style scoped> div { font-family: 华文行楷; font-size: 20px; } .title { margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 30px; color: #333; text-align: center; } .row { background-color: #fff; display: flex; justify-content: center; } .col { border: 1px solid #f0f0f0; width: 15%; height: 35px; text-align: center; line-height: 35px; } .bold .col { background-color: #f1f1f1; } </style>
<template> <div> <!-- <input type="button" value="获取远程数据" @click="sendReq()"> --> <div class="title">学生列表</div> <div class="thead"> <div class="row bold"> <div class="col">编号</div> <div class="col">姓名</div> <div class="col">性别</div> <div class="col">年龄</div> </div> </div> <div class="tbody"> <div v-if="students.length > 0"> <div class="row" v-for="s of students" :key="s.id"> <div class="col">{{s.id}}</div> <div class="col">{{s.name}}</div> <div class="col">{{s.sex}}</div> <div class="col">{{s.age}}</div> </div> </div> <div class="row" v-else>暂无学生数据</div> </div> </div> </template> <script> import axios from '../util/myaxios' const options = { mounted: function(){ this.sendReq() }, data: function() { return { students: [] }; }, methods : { async sendReq() { const resp = await axios.get("/api/students"); console.log(resp.data.data) this.students = resp.data.data; } } }; export default options; </script> <style scoped> div { font-family: 华文行楷; font-size: 20px; } .title { margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 30px; color: #333; text-align: center; } .row { background-color: #fff; display: flex; justify-content: center; } .col { border: 1px solid #f0f0f0; width: 15%; height: 35px; text-align: center; line-height: 35px; } .bold .col { background-color: #f1f1f1; } </style>
按钮组件
<template>
<div class="button" :class="[type,size]">
a<slot></slot>b
</div>
</template>
<script>
const options = {
props: ["type", "size"]
};
export default options;
</script>
使用组件
<template> <div> <h1>父组件</h1> <my-button type="primary" size="small">1</my-button> <my-button type="danger" size="middle">2</my-button> <my-button type="success" size="large">3</my-button> </div> </template> <script> import MyButton from '../components/MyButton.vue' const options = { components: { MyButton } }; export default options; </script>
安装
npm install element-ui -S
引入组件
import Element from 'element-ui'
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css'
Vue.use(Element)
测试,在自己的组件中使用 ElementUI 的组件
<el-button>按钮</el-button>
<template> <div> <el-table :data="students"> <el-table-column label="编号" prop="id"></el-table-column> <el-table-column label="姓名" prop="name"></el-table-column> <el-table-column label="性别" prop="sex"></el-table-column> <el-table-column label="年龄" prop="age"></el-table-column> </el-table> </div> </template> <script> import axios from '../util/myaxios' const options = { async mounted() { const resp = await axios.get('/api/students'); this.students = resp.data.data }, data() { return { students: [] } } } export default options; </script>
<template> <div> <el-table v-bind:data="students"> <el-table-column label="编号" prop="id"></el-table-column> <el-table-column label="姓名" prop="name"></el-table-column> <el-table-column label="性别" prop="sex"></el-table-column> <el-table-column label="年龄" prop="age"></el-table-column> </el-table> <el-pagination :total="total" :page-size="queryDto.size" :current-page="queryDto.page" layout="prev,pager,next,sizes,->,total" :page-sizes="[5,10,15,20]" @current-change="currentChange" @size-change="sizeChange" ></el-pagination> </div> </template> <script> import axios from '../util/myaxios' const options = { mounted() { this.query(); }, methods: { currentChange(page) { this.queryDto.page = page; this.query(); }, sizeChange(size){ this.queryDto.size = size; this.query(); }, async query() { const resp = await axios.get('/api/students/q', { params: this.queryDto }); this.students = resp.data.data.list; this.total = resp.data.data.total; } }, data() { return { students: [], total: 0, queryDto: { page: 1, size: 5 } } } } export default options; </script>
<template> <div> <el-input placeholder="请输入姓名" size="mini" v-model="queryDto.name"></el-input> <el-select placeholder="请选择性别" size="mini" v-model="queryDto.sex" clearable> <el-option value="男"></el-option> <el-option value="女"></el-option> </el-select> <el-select placeholder="请选择年龄" size="mini" v-model="queryDto.age" clearable> <el-option value="0,20" label="0到20岁"></el-option> <el-option value="21,30" label="21到30岁"></el-option> <el-option value="31,40" label="31到40岁"></el-option> <el-option value="41,120" label="41到120岁"></el-option> </el-select> <el-button type="primary" size="mini" @click="search()">搜索</el-button> <el-divider></el-divider> <el-table v-bind:data="students"> <el-table-column label="编号" prop="id"></el-table-column> <el-table-column label="姓名" prop="name"></el-table-column> <el-table-column label="性别" prop="sex"></el-table-column> <el-table-column label="年龄" prop="age"></el-table-column> </el-table> <el-pagination :total="total" :page-size="queryDto.size" :current-page="queryDto.page" layout="prev,pager,next,sizes,->,total" :page-sizes="[5, 10, 15, 20]" @current-change="currentChange" @size-change="sizeChange"></el-pagination> </div> </template> <script> import axios from '../util/myaxios' const options = { mounted() { this.query(); }, methods: { currentChange(page) { this.queryDto.page = page; this.query(); }, sizeChange(size) { this.queryDto.size = size; this.query(); }, async query() { const resp = await axios.get('/api/students/q', { params: this.queryDto }); this.students = resp.data.data.list; this.total = resp.data.data.total; }, search() { this.query(); } }, data() { return { students: [], total: 0, queryDto: { name: '', sex: '', age: '', page: 1, size: 5 } } } } export default options; </script>
''
表示用户没有选择的情况0,20
会被 spring 转换为 new int[]{0, 20}
''
会被 spring 转换为 new int[0]
级联选择器中选项的数据结构为
[ {value:100, label:'主页',children:[ {value:101, label:'菜单1', children:[ {value:105, label:'子项1'}, {value:106, label:'子项2'} ]}, {value:102, label:'菜单2', children:[ {value:107, label:'子项3'}, {value:108, label:'子项4'}, {value:109, label:'子项5'} ]}, {value:103, label:'菜单3', children:[ {value:110, label:'子项6'}, {value:111, label:'子项7'} ]}, {value:104, label:'菜单4'} ]} ]
下面的例子是将后端返回的一维数组【树化】
<template> <el-cascader :options="ops"></el-cascader> </template> <script> import axios from '../util/myaxios' const options = { async mounted() { const resp = await axios.get('/api/menu') console.log(resp.data.data) const array = resp.data.data; const map = new Map(); // 1. 将所有数据存入 map 集合(为了接下来查找效率) for(const {id,name,pid} of array) { map.set(id, {value:id, label:name, pid:pid}) } // 2. 建立父子关系 // 3. 找到顶层对象 const top = []; for(const obj of map.values()) { const parent = map.get(obj.pid); if(parent !== undefined) { parent.children ??= []; parent.children.push(obj); } else { top.push(obj) } } this.ops = top; }, data(){ return { ops: [] } } }; export default options; </script>
vue 属于单页面应用,所谓的路由,就是根据浏览器路径不同,用不同的视图组件替换这个页面内容展示
新建一个路由 js 文件,例如 src/router/example14.js,内容如下
import Vue from 'vue' import VueRouter from 'vue-router' import ContainerView from '@/views/example14/ContainerView.vue' import LoginView from '@/views/example14/LoginView.vue' import NotFoundView from '@/views/example14/NotFoundView.vue' Vue.use(VueRouter) const routes = [ { path:'/', component: ContainerView }, { path:'/login', component: LoginView }, { path:'/404', component: NotFoundView } ] const router = new VueRouter({ routes }) export default router
在 main.js 中采用我们的路由 js
import Vue from 'vue'
import e14 from './views/Example14View.vue'
import router from './router/example14' // 修改这里
import store from './store'
import Element from 'element-ui'
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.use(Element)
new Vue({
router,
store,
render: h => h(e14)
}).$mount('#app')
根组件是 Example14View.vue,内容为:
<template>
<div class="all">
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<router-view>
起到占位作用,改变路径后,这个路径对应的视图组件就会占据 <router-view>
的位置,替换掉它之前的内容import Vue from 'vue' import VueRouter from 'vue-router' Vue.use(VueRouter) const routes = [ { path:'/', component: () => import('@/views/example14/ContainerView.vue') }, { path:'/login', component: () => import('@/views/example14/LoginView.vue') }, { path:'/404', component: () => import('@/views/example14/NotFoundView.vue') } ] const router = new VueRouter({ routes }) export default router
组件内再要切换内容,就需要用到嵌套路由(子路由),下面的例子是在【ContainerView 组件】内定义了 3 个子路由
const routes = [ { path:'/', component: () => import('@/views/example14/ContainerView.vue'), redirect: '/c/p1', children: [ { path:'c/p1', component: () => import('@/views/example14/container/P1View.vue') }, { path:'c/p2', component: () => import('@/views/example14/container/P2View.vue') }, { path:'c/p3', component: () => import('@/views/example14/container/P3View.vue') } ] }, { path:'/login', component: () => import('@/views/example14/LoginView.vue') }, { path:'/404', component: () => import('@/views/example14/NotFoundView.vue') }, { path:'*', redirect: '/404' } ]
子路由变化,切换的是【ContainerView 组件】中 <router-view></router-view>
部分的内容
<template>
<div class="container">
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
通常主页要做布局,下面的代码是 ElementUI 提供的【上-【左-右】】布局
<template>
<div class="container">
<el-container>
<el-header></el-header>
<el-container>
<el-aside width="200px"></el-aside>
<el-main>
<router-view></router-view>
</el-main>
</el-container>
</el-container>
</div>
</template>
<el-aside width="200px">
<router-link to="/c1/p1">P1</router-link>
<router-link to="/c1/p2">P2</router-link>
<router-link to="/c1/p3">P3</router-link>
</el-aside>
<el-header>
<el-button type="primary" icon="el-icon-edit"
circle size="mini" @click="jump('/c1/p1')"></el-button>
<el-button type="success" icon="el-icon-check"
circle size="mini" @click="jump('/c1/p2')"></el-button>
<el-button type="warning" icon="el-icon-star-off"
circle size="mini" @click="jump('/c1/p3')"></el-button>
</el-header>
jump 方法
<script>
const options = {
methods : {
jump(url) {
this.$router.push(url);
}
}
}
export default options;
</script>
<el-menu router background-color="#545c64" text-color="#fff" active-text-color="#ffd04b"> <el-submenu index="/c1"> <span slot="title"> <i class="el-icon-platform-eleme"></i> 菜单1 </span> <el-menu-item index="/c1/p1">子项1</el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="/c1/p2">子项2</el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="/c1/p3">子项3</el-menu-item> </el-submenu> <el-menu-item index="/c2"> <span slot="title"> <i class="el-icon-phone"></i> 菜单2 </span> </el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="/c3"> <span slot="title"> <i class="el-icon-star-on"></i> 菜单3 </span> </el-menu-item> </el-menu>
<span slot='title'></span>
包裹起来el-menu
标签上加上 router
属性,表示结合导航菜单与路由对象,此时,就可以利用菜单项的 index
属性来路由跳转将菜单、路由信息(仅主页的)存入数据库中
insert into menu(id, name, pid, path, component, icon) values
(101, '菜单1', 0, '/m1', null, 'el-icon-platform-eleme'),
(102, '菜单2', 0, '/m2', null, 'el-icon-delete-solid'),
(103, '菜单3', 0, '/m3', null, 'el-icon-s-tools'),
(104, '菜单4', 0, '/m4', 'M4View.vue', 'el-icon-user-solid'),
(105, '子项1', 101, '/m1/c1', 'C1View.vue', 'el-icon-s-goods'),
(106, '子项2', 101, '/m1/c2', 'C2View.vue', 'el-icon-menu'),
(107, '子项3', 102, '/m2/c3', 'C3View.vue', 'el-icon-s-marketing'),
(108, '子项4', 102, '/m2/c4', 'C4View.vue', 'el-icon-s-platform'),
(109, '子项5', 102, '/m2/c5', 'C5View.vue', 'el-icon-picture'),
(110, '子项6', 103, '/m3/c6', 'C6View.vue', 'el-icon-upload'),
(111, '子项7', 103, '/m3/c7', 'C7View.vue', 'el-icon-s-promotion');
不同的用户查询的的菜单、路由信息是不一样的
例如:访问 /api/menu/admin
返回所有的数据
[ { "id": 102, "name": "菜单2", "icon": "el-icon-delete-solid", "path": "/m2", "pid": 0, "component": null }, { "id": 107, "name": "子项3", "icon": "el-icon-s-marketing", "path": "/m2/c3", "pid": 102, "component": "C3View.vue" }, { "id": 108, "name": "子项4", "icon": "el-icon-s-platform", "path": "/m2/c4", "pid": 102, "component": "C4View.vue" }, { "id": 109, "name": "子项5", "icon": "el-icon-picture", "path": "/m2/c5", "pid": 102, "component": "C5View.vue" } ]
访问 /api/menu/wang
返回
[ { "id": 103, "name": "菜单3", "icon": "el-icon-s-tools", "path": "/m3", "pid": 0, "component": null }, { "id": 110, "name": "子项6", "icon": "el-icon-upload", "path": "/m3/c6", "pid": 103, "component": "C6View.vue" }, { "id": 111, "name": "子项7", "icon": "el-icon-s-promotion", "path": "/m3/c7", "pid": 103, "component": "C7View.vue" } ]
前端根据他们身份不同,动态添加路由和显示菜单
export function addServerRoutes(array) {
for (const { id, path, component } of array) {
if (component !== null) {
// 动态添加路由
// 参数1:父路由名称
// 参数2:路由信息对象
router.addRoute('c', {
path: path,
name: id,
component: () => import(`@/views/example15/container/${component}`)
});
}
}
}
在用户注销时应当重置路由
export function resetRouter() {
router.matcher = new VueRouter({ routes }).matcher
}
页面刷新后,会导致动态添加的路由失效,解决方法是将路由数据存入 sessionStorage
<script> import axios from '@/util/myaxios' import {resetRouter, addServerRoutes} from '@/router/example15' const options = { data() { return { username: 'admin' } }, methods: { async login() { resetRouter(); // 重置路由 const resp = await axios.get(`/api/menu/${this.username}`) const array = resp.data.data; // localStorage 即使浏览器关闭,存储的数据仍在 // sessionStorage 以标签页为单位,关闭标签页时,数据被清除 sessionStorage.setItem('serverRoutes', JSON.stringify(array)) addServerRoutes(array); // 动态添加路由 this.$router.push('/'); } } } export default options; </script>
页面刷新,重新创建路由对象时,从 sessionStorage 里恢复路由数据
const router = new VueRouter({
routes
})
// 从 sessionStorage 中恢复路由数据
const serverRoutes = sessionStorage.getItem('serverRoutes');
if(serverRoutes) {
const array = JSON.parse(serverRoutes);
addServerRoutes(array) // 动态添加路由
}
代码部分
<script> const options = { mounted() { const serverRoutes = sessionStorage.getItem('serverRoutes'); const array = JSON.parse(serverRoutes); const map = new Map(); for(const obj of array) { map.set(obj.id, obj); } const top = []; for(const obj of array) { const parent = map.get(obj.pid); if(parent) { parent.children ??= []; parent.children.push(obj); } else { top.push(obj); } } this.top = top; }, data() { return { top: [] } } } export default options; </script>
菜单部分
<el-menu router background-color="#545c64" text-color="#fff" active-text-color="#ffd04b" :unique-opened="true"> <template v-for="m1 of top"> <el-submenu v-if="m1.children" :key="m1.id" :index="m1.path"> <span slot="title"> <i :class="m1.icon"></i> {{m1.name}} </span> <el-menu-item v-for="m2 of m1.children" :key="m2.id" :index="m2.path"> <span slot="title"> <i :class="m2.icon"></i> {{m2.name}} </span> </el-menu-item> </el-submenu> <el-menu-item v-else :key="m1.id" :index="m1.path"> <span slot="title"> <i :class="m1.icon"></i> {{m1.name}} </span> </el-menu-item> </template> </el-menu>
vuex 可以在多个组件之间共享数据,并且共享的数据是【响应式】的,即数据的变更能及时渲染到模板
首先需要定义 state 与 mutations 他们一个用来读取共享数据,一个用来修改共享数据
src/store/index.js
import Vue from 'vue' import Vuex from 'vuex' Vue.use(Vuex) /* 读取数据,走 state, getters 修改数据,走 mutations, actions */ export default new Vuex.Store({ state: { name: '', age: 18 }, getters: { }, mutations: { updateName(state, name) { state.name = name; } }, actions: { }, modules: { } })
修改共享数据
<template> <div class="p"> <el-input placeholder="请修改用户姓名" size="mini" v-model="name"></el-input> <el-button type="primary" size="mini" @click="update()">修改</el-button> </div> </template> <script> const options = { methods: { update(){ this.$store.commit('updateName', this.name); } }, data () { return { name:'' } } } export default options; </script>
store.commit(mutation方法名, 参数)
来间接调用读取共享数据
<template> <div class="container"> <el-container> <el-header> <div class="t"> 欢迎您:{{ $store.state.name }}, {{ $store.state.age }} </div> </el-header> <el-container> <el-aside width="200px"> </el-aside> <el-main> <router-view></router-view> </el-main> </el-container> </el-container> </div> </template>
每次去写 $store.state.name
这样的代码显得非常繁琐,可以用 vuex 帮我们生成计算属性
<template> <div class="container"> <el-container> <el-header> <div class="t">欢迎您:{{ name }}, {{ age }}</div> </el-header> <el-container> <el-aside width="200px"> </el-aside> <el-main> <router-view></router-view> </el-main> </el-container> </el-container> </div> </template> <script> import { mapState } from 'vuex' const options = { computed: { ...mapState(['name', 'age']) } } export default options; </script>
...
展开运算符,填充入 computed 即可使用<template> <div class="p"> <el-input placeholder="请修改用户姓名" size="mini" v-model="name"></el-input> <el-button type="primary" size="mini" @click="updateName(name)">修改</el-button> </div> </template> <script> import {mapMutations} from 'vuex' const options = { methods: { ...mapMutations(['updateName']) }, data () { return { name:'' } } } export default options; </script>
mutations 方法内不能包括修改不能立刻生效的代码,否则会造成 Vuex 调试工具工作不准确,必须把这些代码写在 actions 方法中
import Vue from 'vue' import Vuex from 'vuex' Vue.use(Vuex) /* 读取数据,走 state, getters 修改数据,走 mutations, actions */ import axios from '@/util/myaxios' export default new Vuex.Store({ state: { name: '', age: 18 }, getters: { }, mutations: { updateName(state, name) { state.name = name; }, // 错误的用法,如果在mutations方法中包含了异步操作,会造成开发工具不准确 /* async updateServerName(state) { const resp = await axios.get('/api/user'); const {name, age} = resp.data.data; state.name = name; state.age = age; } */ updateServerName(state, user) { const { name, age } = user; state.name = name; state.age = age; } }, actions: { async updateServerName(context) { const resp = await axios.get('/api/user'); context.commit('updateServerName', resp.data.data) } }, modules: { } })
页面使用 actions 的方法可以这么写
<template>
<div class="p">
<el-button type="primary" size="mini"
@click="updateServerName()">从服务器获取数据,存入store</el-button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { mapActions } from 'vuex'
const options = {
methods: {
...mapActions(['updateServerName'])
}
}
export default options;
</script>
mapActions 会生成调用 actions 中方法的代码
调用 actions 的代码内部等价于,它返回的是 Promise 对象,可以用同步或异步方式接收结果
this.$store.dispatch('action名称', 参数)
课程不准备从头开发一个 Vue 项目,这里我准备采用这样的教学方法:带着大家看一个较为典型的基于 Vue 的项目实现,分析其中几个重点流程
这里选择了 vue-element-admin 这个项目骨架,它采用的技术与我们之前学过的较为契合
git clone https://gitee.com/panjiachen/vue-element-admin.git client-action
cd client-action
git branch -a
git checkout -b i18n remotes/origin/i18n
git config --global url."https://".insteadOf git://
npm install
npm run dev
开发环境下执行下面命令
npm run dev
在开发环境下,后端访问路径起始路径配置在文件 .env.development
中
VUE_APP_BASE_API = '/dev-api'
http://localhost:9527/dev-api
的 mock-server 获得的都是模拟数据VUE_APP_BASE_API = 'http://localhost:8080/api'
发送请求的 axios 工具被封装在 src/utils/request.js 中
import axios from 'axios'
import { MessageBox, Message } from 'element-ui'
import store from '@/store'
import { getToken } from '@/utils/auth'
// create an axios instance
const service = axios.create({
baseURL: process.env.VUE_APP_BASE_API, // url = base url + request url
// withCredentials: true, // send cookies when cross-domain requests
timeout: 5000 // request timeout
})
// ...
原有代码的 URI 路径都是这样的:
/vue-element-admin/user/login
/vue-element-admin/user/info
/vue-element-admin/user/logout
...
如果觉得不爽,可以来一个全局替换
/user/login
/user/info
/user/logout
...
token 的请求头修改一下,在 src/utils/request.js 中
... service.interceptors.request.use( config => { // do something before request is sent if (store.getters.token) { // let each request carry token // ['X-Token'] is a custom headers key // please modify it according to the actual situation config.headers['Authorization'] = getToken() } return config }, error => { // do something with request error console.log(error) // for debug return Promise.reject(error) } ) ...
src/views/login/index.vue
<script> import { validUsername } from '@/utils/validate' import LangSelect from '@/components/LangSelect' import SocialSign from './components/SocialSignin' export default { // ... methods: { handleLogin() { this.$refs.loginForm.validate(valid => { if (valid) { this.loading = true this.$store.dispatch('user/login', this.loginForm) .then(() => { this.$router.push({ path: this.redirect || '/', query: this.otherQuery }) this.loading = false }) .catch(() => { this.loading = false }) } else { console.log('error submit!!') return false } }) } // ... } } </script>
这里调用了 store 的 actions,user/login
src/router/index.js
的路由表可知,会重定向至 /dashboardsrc/store/modules/user.js
import { login, logout, getInfo } from '@/api/user' // ... const actions = { // user login login({ commit }, userInfo) { const { username, password } = userInfo return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { login({ username: username.trim(), password: password }).then(response => { const { data } = response commit('SET_TOKEN', data.token) setToken(data.token) resolve() }).catch(error => { reject(error) }) }) } // ... }
src/api/user.js
,请求成功使用 commit 将 token 存入 mutations,同时往 cookie 存储了一份src/api/user.js
import request from '@/utils/request'
export function login(data) {
return request({
url: '/user/login',
method: 'post',
data
})
}
// ...
src/utils/request.js
import axios from 'axios' import { MessageBox, Message } from 'element-ui' import store from '@/store' import { getToken } from '@/utils/auth' // create an axios instance const service = axios.create({ baseURL: process.env.VUE_APP_BASE_API, // url = base url + request url // withCredentials: true, // send cookies when cross-domain requests timeout: 5000 // request timeout }) // ... service.interceptors.response.use( // ... response => { const res = response.data if (res.code !== 20000) { // ... } else { return res } }, error => { // ... } ) export default service
src/permission.js
登录成功后,只是获得了 token,还未获取用户信息,获取用户信息是在路由跳转的 beforeEach 里做的
关键代码
import router from './router' // ... router.beforeEach(async(to, from, next) => { // ... const hasToken = getToken() if (hasToken) { if (to.path === '/login') { // ... } else { // ... const { roles } = await store.dispatch('user/getInfo') // ... } } else { // ... } })
src/store/modules/user.js
这里用其中 getInfo 方法获取用户信息,其中角色返回给 beforeEach
import { login, logout, getInfo } from '@/api/user' // ... const actions = { getInfo({ commit, state }) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { getInfo(state.token).then(response => { const { data } = response if (!data) { reject('Verification failed, please Login again.') } const { roles, name, avatar, introduction } = data if (!roles || roles.length <= 0) { reject('getInfo: roles must be a non-null array!') } commit('SET_ROLES', roles) commit('SET_NAME', name) commit('SET_AVATAR', avatar) commit('SET_INTRODUCTION', introduction) resolve(data) }).catch(error => { reject(error) }) }) } }
src/router/index.js
路由表中路由分成两部分,静态路由与动态路由
export const constantRoutes = [ // ... { path: '/login', component: () => import('@/views/login/index'), hidden: true }, { path: '/', component: Layout, redirect: '/dashboard', children: [ { path: 'dashboard', component: () => import('@/views/dashboard/index'), name: 'Dashboard', meta: { title: 'dashboard', icon: 'dashboard', affix: true } } ] } // ... ]
动态路由
export const asyncRoutes = [ { path: '/permission', component: Layout, redirect: '/permission/page', alwaysShow: true, // will always show the root menu name: 'Permission', meta: { title: 'permission', icon: 'lock', roles: ['admin', 'editor'] // you can set roles in root nav }, children: [ { path: 'page', component: () => import('@/views/permission/page'), name: 'PagePermission', meta: { title: 'pagePermission', roles: ['admin'] // or you can only set roles in sub nav } }, { path: 'directive', component: () => import('@/views/permission/directive'), name: 'DirectivePermission', meta: { title: 'directivePermission' // if do not set roles, means: this page does not require permission } }, { path: 'role', component: () => import('@/views/permission/role'), name: 'RolePermission', meta: { title: 'rolePermission', roles: ['admin'] } } ] }, { path: '/icon', component: Layout, children: [ { path: 'index', component: () => import('@/views/icons/index'), name: 'Icons', meta: { title: 'icons', icon: 'icon', noCache: true, roles: ['admin'] } } ] } // ... }
src/layout/index.vue
它对应的是我们之前介绍的 Container.vue 完成主页布局的,路由路径是 /
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-g3g2YSKr-1681398429528)(D:\2022.js\imgs\image-20220827194047788.png)]
其中又由多部分组成,其中固定不变的是
变化的是中间的 dashboard 部分(AppMain),它由 router-view 配合子路由切换显示
/api/transaction/list
的后台请求报 404,作为练习,把它补充完整9527 打开新窗口,请求 https://gitee.com/oauth/authorize?client_id=${client_id}&redirect_uri=${redirect_uri}&response_type=code
gitee 认证通过,重定向至 8080,并携带 code
8080 发送请求 https://gitee.com/oauth/token
携带 client_id、client_secret、code,gitee 返回 access_token 给 8080
这时走的是 https 协议,并且不经过浏览器,能够保证数据传输的安全性
重定向到 8080 时,如果被有心人拿到了 code,也没事,因为接下来会把 client_secret 发给 gitee 验证(client_secret 应当只存在 8080),只要 client_secret 不泄露,就可以保证安全
如果改成前端拿 code 换 access_token,那就意味着 access_token 得保存在前端,所有保存在前端的都有风险
8080 可以访问 gitee 的 api 了,拿到用户信息,存入数据库,返回 8080 的 token
8080 可以通过 window.opener.postMessage 把 token 给 9527 的老窗口
9527 再走之前的逻辑就可以了,在 router 的 beforeEach 方法里,用 8080 token 换用户信息
首先,在 api 里添加与后端交互的代码:src/api/student.js
import axios from '@/utils/request' export function all() { return axios({ url: '/students', method: 'get' }) } export function deleteById(id) { return axios({ url: `/students/${id}`, method: 'delete' }) } export function update(id, dto) { return axios({ url: `/students/${id}`, method: 'put', data: dto }) } export function insert(dto) { return axios({ url: `/students`, method: 'post', data: dto }) }
然后,添加新的路由:src/router/index.js
export const asyncRoutes = [
// ...
{
path: '/student',
component: Layout,
children: [
{
path: 'index',
component: () => import('@/views/student/index'),
meta: { title: '学生管理', icon: 'el-icon-s-help', roles: ['admin'] }
}
]
},
// ...
]
最后,添加新的视图界面:src/views/student/index.vue
<template> <div> <el-table :data="students"> <el-table-column label="编号" prop="id"></el-table-column> <el-table-column label="姓名" prop="name"></el-table-column> <el-table-column label="性别" prop="sex"></el-table-column> <el-table-column label="年龄" prop="age"></el-table-column> <el-table-column fixed="right" label="操作" width="100"> <template slot-scope="scope"> <el-button @click="handleUpdate(scope.row)" type="text" size="small">修改</el-button> <el-button @click="handleDelete(scope.row)" type="text" size="small">删除</el-button> </template> </el-table-column> </el-table> <el-dialog width="22%" :visible.sync="updateDialogVisible"> <el-form :model="updateForm"> <el-form-item label="编号"> <el-input size="mini" :readonly="true" v-model="updateForm.id"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="姓名"> <el-input size="mini" v-model="updateForm.name"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="性别"> <el-select size="mini" v-model="updateForm.sex"> <el-option value="男"></el-option> <el-option value="女"></el-option> </el-select> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="年龄"> <el-input size="mini" v-model="updateForm.age"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item> <el-button type="primary" size="mini" @click="confirmUpdate()">确定</el-button> </el-form-item> </el-form> </el-dialog> </div> </template> <script> import { all, deleteById, update, insert } from '@/api/student' const options = { mounted() { this.all() }, data() { return { students: [], updateDialogVisible: false, updateForm: { id: 0, name: '', sex: '男', age: 0 } } }, methods: { async confirmUpdate() { await update(this.updateForm.id, this.updateForm) this.updateDialogVisible = false this.all() }, handleUpdate(row) { // {id, name, sex, age} this.updateDialogVisible = true this.updateForm = { ...row } // this.updateForm = row // 错误写法,不能让他俩指向同一个对象 }, async handleDelete(row) { try { await this.$confirm('此操作将永久删除该学生, 是否继续?', '提示', { confirmButtonText: '确定', cancelButtonText: '取消', type: 'warning' }) await deleteById(row.id) this.all() } catch (e) { console.log('取消删除') } }, async all() { const { data } = await all() this.students = data } } } export default options </script> <style scoped> .el-input, .el-select { width: 180px; } </style>
Copyright © 2003-2013 www.wpsshop.cn 版权所有,并保留所有权利。