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android与java web交互完成简单的登录和注册_android 调用java 做的webservice登录功能

作者：Monodyee | 2024-06-11 22:43:15

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android 调用java 做的webservice登录功能

   本文的知识点包括android客户端的网络编程、消息机制、IO流、多线程和java web服务器端的servlet、数据库操作、javabean技术、工具类和测试类的使用。

客户端

运行效果图


布局文件 

activity_main.xml
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2. <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  3.     xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
  4.     android:layout_width="match_parent"
  5.     android:layout_height="match_parent"
  6.     android:orientation="vertical"
  7.     tools:context="com.ningxiaojian.clientlogindemo.MainActivity">
  8.  
  9.     <EditText
  10.         android:id="@+id/et_username"
  11.         android:layout_width="match_parent"
  12.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  13.         android:hint="请输入登录账号"/>
  14.  
  15.     <EditText
  16.         android:id="@+id/et_password"
  17.         android:layout_width="match_parent"
  18.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  19.         android:hint="请输入登录密码"/>
  20.  
  21.     <Button
  22.         android:id="@+id/bt_login"
  23.         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  24.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  25.         android:text="登录"
  26.         android:onClick="login"/>
  27.  
  28.     <Button
  29.         android:id="@+id/bt_register"
  30.         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  31.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  32.         android:text="注册"
  33.         android:onClick="register"/>
  34.  
  35.  
  36. </LinearLayout>
程序主入口
MainActivity


  1. package com.ningxiaojian.clientlogindemo;
  2.  
  3. import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
  4. import android.os.Handler;
  5. import android.os.Message;
  6. import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
  7. import android.os.Bundle;
  8. import android.view.View;
  9. import android.widget.EditText;
  10. import android.widget.Toast;
  11.  
  12. import java.io.InputStream;
  13. import java.io.OutputStream;
  14. import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
  15. import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
  16. import java.net.MalformedURLException;
  17. import java.net.URL;
  18. import java.net.URLConnection;
  19. import java.net.URLEncoder;
  20.  
  21. public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
  22.  
  23.     private EditText username;
  24.     private EditText password;
  25.     private String usernameStr;
  26.     private String passwordStr;
  27.     private final int LOGINSUCCESS=0;
  28.     private final int LOGINNOTFOUND=1;
  29.     private final int LOGINEXCEPT=2;
  30.     private final int REGISTERSUCCESS=3;
  31.     private final int REGISTERNOTFOUND=4;
  32.     private final int REGISTEREXCEPT=5;
  33.  
  34.     @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")
  35.     Handler handler=new Handler(){//消息机制，用来在子线程中更新UI
  36.         @Override
  37.         public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
  38.             switch (msg.what){//具体消息，具体显示
  39.                 case LOGINSUCCESS:
  40.                     Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),(String)msg.obj,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
  41.                     break;
  42.                 case LOGINNOTFOUND:
  43.                     Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),(String)msg.obj,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
  44.                     break;
  45.                 case LOGINEXCEPT:
  46.                     Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),(String)msg.obj,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
  47.                     break;
  48.                 case REGISTERSUCCESS:
  49.                     Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),(String)msg.obj,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
  50.                     break;
  51.                 case REGISTERNOTFOUND:
  52.                     Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),(String)msg.obj,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
  53.                     break;
  54.                 case REGISTEREXCEPT:
  55.                     Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),(String)msg.obj,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
  56.                     break;
  57.             }
  58.         }
  59.     };
  60.  
  61.  
  62.     @Override
  63.     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  64.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  65.         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
  66.         //找到我们需要的控件
  67.         username = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_username);
  68.         password = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_password);
  69.  
  70.  
  71.     }
  72.     //登录按钮的点击事件，也可以用set监听器的方法，不过这种方法简单
  73.     public void login(View v){
  74.         //获取编辑框内的内容
  75.         usernameStr = username.getText().toString().trim();
  76.         passwordStr = password.getText().toString().trim();
  77.  
  78.         //判断是否输入为空（在这里就不再进行正则表达式判断了）
  79.         if(usernameStr.equals("") || passwordStr.equals("")){
  80.             Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"用户名或密码不能为空",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  81.         }//进行登录操作(联网操作要添加权限)
  82.         else {
  83.             //联网操作要开子线程，在主线程不能更新UI
  84.             new Thread(){
  85.  
  86.                 private HttpURLConnection connection;
  87.  
  88.  
  89.                 @Override
  90.                 public void run() {
  91.  
  92.                     try {
  93.                         //封装成传输数据的键值对,无论get还是post,传输中文时都要进行url编码（RULEncoder）
  94.                         // 如果是在浏览器端的话，它会自动进行帮我们转码，不用我们进行手动设置
  95.                         String data2= "username="+ URLEncoder.encode(usernameStr,"utf-8")+"&password="+ URLEncoder.encode(passwordStr,"utf-8")+"&sign="+URLEncoder.encode("1","utf-8");
  96.                         connection=HttpConnectionUtils.getConnection(data2);
  97.                         int code = connection.getResponseCode();
  98.                         if(code==200){
  99.                             InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
  100.                             String str = StreamChangeStrUtils.toChange(inputStream);//写个工具类流转换成字符串
  101.                             Message message = Message.obtain();//更新UI就要向消息机制发送消息
  102.                             message.what=LOGINSUCCESS;//用来标志是哪个消息
  103.                             message.obj=str;//消息主体
  104.                             handler.sendMessage(message);
  105.  
  106.                         }
  107.                         else {
  108.                             Message message = Message.obtain();
  109.                             message.what=LOGINNOTFOUND;
  110.                             message.obj="注册异常...请稍后再试";
  111.                             handler.sendMessage(message);
  112.                         }
  113.                     } catch (Exception e) {//会抛出很多个异常，这里抓一个大的异常
  114.                         e.printStackTrace();
  115.                         Message message = Message.obtain();
  116.                         message.what=LOGINEXCEPT;
  117.                         message.obj="服务器异常...请稍后再试";
  118.                         handler.sendMessage(message);
  119.                     }
  120.                 }
  121.             }.start();//不要忘记开线程
  122.         }
  123.     }
  124.     //注册按钮的点击事件
  125.     public void register(View v){
  126.         usernameStr = username.getText().toString().trim();
  127.         passwordStr = password.getText().toString().trim();
  128.         if(usernameStr.equals("") || passwordStr.equals("")){
  129.             Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"用户名或密码不能为空",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  130.         }
  131.         else {
  132.                 new Thread(){
  133.  
  134.                     HttpURLConnection connection=null;
  135.                     @Override
  136.                     public void run() {
  137.                         try {
  138.                             String data= "username="+ URLEncoder.encode(usernameStr,"utf-8")+"&password="+ URLEncoder.encode(passwordStr,"utf-8")+"&sign="+URLEncoder.encode("2","utf-8");
  139.                             connection=HttpConnectionUtils.getConnection(data);
  140.                             int code = connection.getResponseCode();
  141.                             if(code==200){
  142.                                 InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
  143.                                 String str = StreamChangeStrUtils.toChange(inputStream);
  144.                                 Message message = Message.obtain();
  145.                                 message.obj=str;
  146.                                 message.what=REGISTERSUCCESS;
  147.                                 handler.sendMessage(message);
  148.                             }
  149.                             else {
  150.                                 Message message = Message.obtain();
  151.                                 message.what=REGISTERNOTFOUND;
  152.                                 message.obj="注册异常...请稍后再试";
  153.                                 handler.sendMessage(message);
  154.                             }
  155.                         } catch (Exception e) {
  156.                             e.printStackTrace();
  157.                             Message message = Message.obtain();
  158.                             message.what=REGISTEREXCEPT;
  159.                             message.obj="服务器异常...请稍后再试";
  160.                             handler.sendMessage(message);
  161.                         }
  162.  
  163.                     }
  164.                 }.start();//不要忘记开线程
  165.  
  166.         }
  167.     }
  168. }
  169.  
流转换成字符串的工具类
StreamChangeStrUtils
  1. package com.ningxiaojian.clientlogindemo;
  2.  
  3. import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
  4. import java.io.IOException;
  5. import java.io.InputStream;
  6.  
  7. /**
  8.  * 流转换成字符串的工具类
  9.  */
  10.  
  11. public class StreamChangeStrUtils {
  12.     public static String toChange(InputStream inputStream) throws Exception {
  13.         ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();//数组流，在流的内部有个缓冲区，可以进行转换成字节
  14.         //下面是属于io流的知识，在此不再赘述
  15.         byte b[]=new byte[1024];
  16.         int len=-1;
  17.         while ((len=inputStream.read(b))!=-1){
  18.             bos.write(b,0,len);
  19.         }
  20.         inputStream.close();//关闭流,数组流会自动关闭，关闭是否都可以
  21.         String str = new String(bos.toByteArray());
  22.         //服务器默认返回的是gbk，如果要在android端解决乱码，可以在此设置为gbk,一般提倡的是服务器解决
  23.         // 让服务器给我们返回utf-8，因为在android本地默认的是utf-8
  24.         return str;
  25.     }
  26. }

   联网工具类

HttpConnectionUtils

  1. package com.ningxiaojian.clientlogindemo;
  2.  
  3. import android.os.Message;
  4.  
  5. import java.io.InputStream;
  6. import java.io.OutputStream;
  7. import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
  8. import java.net.ProtocolException;
  9. import java.net.URL;
  10. import java.net.URLEncoder;
  11.  
  12. /**
  13.  * 获取联网连接
  14.  * Created by Justin on 2018/4/16.
  15.  */
  16.  
  17. public class HttpConnectionUtils {
  18.     public static HttpURLConnection getConnection(String data) throws Exception {
  19.  
  20.             //通过URL对象获取联网对象
  21.             URL url= new URL("http://192.168.1.104:8080/AndroidLoginDemo/LoginServlet");
  22.             HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
  23.             connection.setRequestMethod("POST");//设置post请求
  24.             connection.setReadTimeout(5000);//设置5s的响应时间
  25.             connection.setDoOutput(true);//允许输出
  26.             connection.setDoInput(true);//允许输入
  27.             //设置请求头，以键值对的方式传输（以下这两点在GET请求中不用设置）
  28.             connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded ");
  29.             connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length",data.length()+"");//设置请求体的长度
  30.             OutputStream outputStream = connection.getOutputStream();
  31.             outputStream.write(data.getBytes());//进行传输操作
  32.             //判断服务端返回的响应码，这里是http协议的内容
  33.             return connection;
  34.     }
  35. }
   联网操作一定要在 
AndroidManifest.xml加上权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

服务器端（Tomcat）

首先去mysql创建一个数据库，表结构如下
因为使用到mysql,所以要把jdbc的驱动类添加到webcontent->web-inf->lib中
mysql-connector-java-5.1.45-bin.jar

在eclipse创建以下包名

com.ningxiaojian.dao:dao层接口
com.ningxiaojian.dao.impl:dao层接口的实现
com.ningxiaojian.domain：javabean对象
com.ningxiaojian.service：逻辑层的接口
com.ningxiaojian.service.impl:逻辑层的实现
com.ningxiaojian.web.control：存放servlet
com.ningxiaojian.utils:存放工具类
com.ninxiaojian.test：存放测试类

创建java对象
User.java

  1. package com.ningxiaojian.domain;
  2.  
  3. /**
  4.  *
  5.  *设置一个javabean对象，用来封装dao层取出的数据
  6.  * @author Justin
  7.  *
  8.  */
  9. public class User {
  10. 	private String username;
  11. 	private String password;
  12. 	public String getUsername() {
  13. 		return username;
  14. 	}
  15. 	public void setUsername(String username) {
  16. 		this.username = username;
  17. 	}
  18. 	public String getPassword() {
  19. 		return password;
  20. 	}
  21. 	public void setPassword(String password) {
  22. 		this.password = password;
  23. 	}
  24. 	
  25. }

dao层接口
UserDao.java 
  1. package com.ningxiaojian.dao;
  2.  
  3. import java.util.List;
  4.  
  5. import com.ningxiaojian.domain.User;
  6.  
  7. public interface UserDao {
  8. 	//找到所有元素,用来验证登录信息
  9. 	public  List<User> findAll();
  10. 	//插入元素,用来注册
  11. 	public void insertElement(User people);
  12. 	
  13. }
dao层实现类
UserDaoImpl.java 
  1. package com.ningxiaojian.dao.impl;
  2.  
  3. import java.sql.Connection;
  4. import java.sql.DriverManager;
  5. import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
  6. import java.sql.ResultSet;
  7. import java.sql.SQLException;
  8. import java.util.ArrayList;
  9. import java.util.List;
  10.  
  11. import com.ningxiaojian.dao.UserDao;
  12. import com.ningxiaojian.domain.User;
  13. import com.ningxiaojian.utils.JDBCUtils;
  14.  
  15. public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
  16.  
  17. 	Connection connection=null;
  18. 	PreparedStatement ps=null;
  19. 	ResultSet rs=null;
  20. 	
  21. 	/**
  22. 	 * dao层，从数据库里面取出数据
  23. 	 */
  24. 	@Override
  25. 	public List<User> findAll() {
  26. 		List<User> list=null;
  27. 		try {
  28. 			//通过工具类获得连接
  29. 			connection = JDBCUtils.getConnetion();
  30. 			//通过连接对象获取操作数据库的对象
  31. 			String sql="SELECT * FROM user;";//查询sql语句
  32. 			ps=connection.prepareStatement(sql);
  33. 			//返回查询结果集
  34. 			rs=ps.executeQuery();
  35. 			//遍历rs，并封装数据
  36. 			list=new ArrayList<User>();
  37. 			while(rs.next()) {
  38. 				User user=new User();
  39. 				user.setUsername(rs.getString(2));//索引从1开始，id参数不用取
  40. 				user.setPassword(rs.getString(3));
  41. 				list.add(user);
  42. 			}
  43. 			
  44. 		} catch (Exception e) {
  45. 			e.printStackTrace();
  46. 		}
  47. 		finally{
  48. 			JDBCUtils.close(connection, ps, rs);//关闭连接
  49. 			
  50. 		}
  51. 		return list;
  52. 	}
  53.  
  54. 	@Override
  55. 	public void insertElement(User people) {
  56. 		try {
  57. 			connection=JDBCUtils.getConnetion();
  58. 			String sql="INSERT INTO user(username,password) VALUES(?,?);";//插入语句
  59. 			ps=connection.prepareStatement(sql);
  60. 			ps.setString(1,people.getUsername());//使用prepareStatement可以防止sql注入
  61. 			ps.setString(2,people.getPassword());
  62. 			//执行更新语句
  63. 			ps.executeUpdate();
  64. 		} catch (Exception e) {
  65. 			e.printStackTrace();
  66. 		}
  67. 		finally {
  68. 			JDBCUtils.close(connection, ps, rs);
  69. 		}
  70. 	}
  71.  
  72. }

jdbc工具类
JDBCUtils.java 

  1. package com.ningxiaojian.utils;
  2.  
  3. import java.sql.Connection;
  4. import java.sql.DriverManager;
  5. import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
  6. import java.sql.ResultSet;
  7. import java.sql.SQLException;
  8.  
  9.  
  10.  
  11. /**
  12.  * 因为要多次用到以下的步骤，所以写一个工具类来操作jdbc
  13.  * @author Justin
  14.  *在这里不要导错包，import com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement;是错的
  15.  */
  16. public class JDBCUtils {
  17. 	/**
  18. 	 * 获得jdbc连接
  19. 	 */
  20. 	static Connection connection=null;
  21. 	public static Connection getConnetion() throws Exception {
  22. 		//加载jdbc驱动
  23. 		Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
  24. 		//创建连接数据库的路径
  25. 		String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/android_login?user=root&password=12345";
  26. 		//通过url获得与数据库的连接
  27. 		connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url);
  28. 		return connection;
  29. 	}
  30. 	
  31. 	public static void close(Connection connection,PreparedStatement ps,ResultSet rs) {
  32. 		//一定要确保关闭连接，以下关闭步骤是参照官方文档的，有权威性
  33. 		if(rs!=null) {
  34. 			try {
  35. 				rs.close();
  36. 			} catch (SQLException e) {
  37. 				e.printStackTrace();
  38. 			}
  39. 		}
  40. 		if(ps!=null) {
  41. 			try {
  42. 				ps.close();
  43. 			} catch (SQLException e) {
  44. 				e.printStackTrace();
  45. 			}
  46. 		}
  47. 		if(connection!=null) {
  48. 			try {
  49. 				connection.close();
  50. 			} catch (SQLException e) {
  51. 				e.printStackTrace();
  52. 			}
  53. 		}
  54. 	}
  55. }

测试dao层方法的test类（仅作测试作用）
TestDao.java 
  1. package com.ninxiaojian.test;
  2.  
  3. import java.util.List;
  4.  
  5. import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
  6.  
  7. import com.ningxiaojian.dao.UserDao;
  8. import com.ningxiaojian.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
  9. import com.ningxiaojian.domain.User;
  10.  
  11. class TestDao {
  12.  
  13. 	/**
  14. 	 * 测试类，测试dao层那两个方法是否查询和插入正确
  15. 	 */
  16. 	@Test
  17. 	void testFindAll() {
  18. 		UserDao dao=new UserDaoImpl();
  19. 		List<User> list = dao.findAll();
  20. 		for(int i=0;i<list.size();i++) {//遍历list
  21. 			User user=list.get(i);
  22. 			System.out.println("username:"+user.getUsername());
  23. 			System.out.println("password:"+user.getPassword());
  24. 		}
  25. 	}
  26. 	@Test
  27. 	void testInsertElement() {
  28. 		UserDao dao=new UserDaoImpl();
  29. 		User people=new User();
  30. 		people.setUsername("hhhhh");
  31. 		people.setPassword("66666");
  32. 		dao.insertElement(people);
  33. 	}
  34.  
  35. }

servlet类
LoginServlet.java 
  1. package com.ningxiaojian.web.control;
  2.  
  3. import java.io.IOException;
  4. import java.io.PrintWriter;
  5.  
  6. import javax.servlet.ServletException;
  7. import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
  8. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
  9. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
  10. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
  11.  
  12. import com.ningxiaojian.domain.User;
  13. import com.ningxiaojian.service.UserService;
  14. import com.ningxiaojian.service.impl.UserServiceImpl;
  15.  
  16.  
  17. @WebServlet("/LoginServlet")
  18. public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
  19. 	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
  20.    
  21. 	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
  22. 		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//解决请求乱码(post)
  23. 		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//解决响应乱码,下面要以字符流输出（若字节流输出则要再次编码）
  24. 		String username=request.getParameter("username");
  25. 		String password=request.getParameter("password");
  26. 		String sign=request.getParameter("sign");
  27. 		PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
  28. 		//把传来的数据封装进javabean中
  29. 		User user=new User();
  30. 		user.setUsername(username);
  31. 		user.setPassword(password);
  32. 		UserService service=new UserServiceImpl();
  33. 		if("1".equals(sign)) {//登录操作(设置了一个标记)
  34. 			String loginInfo=service.checkLogin(user);
  35. 			out.print(loginInfo);
  36. 		}
  37. 		else if("2".equals(sign)) {//注册操作
  38. 			String registerInfo=service.register(user);
  39. 			out.print(registerInfo);
  40. 		}
  41. 		
  42. 		System.out.println(username);//在控制台输出
  43. 		System.out.println(password);
  44. 		System.out.println(sign);
  45. 		
  46. 	
  47. 	}
  48.  
  49. 	
  50. 	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
  51. 		doGet(request, response);
  52. 	}
  53.  
  54. }

service接口层
UserService.java 
  1. package com.ningxiaojian.service;
  2.  
  3. import com.ningxiaojian.domain.User;
  4.  
  5. public interface UserService {
  6. 	//查验登录
  7. 	public String checkLogin(User user);
  8. 	//注册用户
  9. 	public String register(User user);
  10. }

service实现层，服务端的主要逻辑
UserServiceImpl.java 
  1. package com.ningxiaojian.service.impl;
  2.  
  3. import java.util.List;
  4.  
  5. import com.ningxiaojian.dao.UserDao;
  6. import com.ningxiaojian.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
  7. import com.ningxiaojian.domain.User;
  8. import com.ningxiaojian.service.UserService;
  9.  
  10. public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
  11.  
  12. 	UserDao dao=new UserDaoImpl();
  13. 	
  14. 	/*
  15. 	 * 主要的逻辑实现
  16. 	 */
  17. 	@Override
  18. 	public String checkLogin(User user) {
  19. 		List<User> list = dao.findAll();
  20. 		for(int i=0;i<list.size();i++) {//遍历集合
  21. 			User user2=list.get(i);
  22. 			if(user2.getUsername().equals(user.getUsername()) && user2.getPassword().equals(user.getPassword())) {
  23. 				return "登录成功";
  24. 			}
  25. 		}
  26. 		return "登录失败,密码输入错误";
  27. 	}
  28.  
  29. 	@Override
  30. 	public String register(User user) {
  31. 		List<User> list = dao.findAll();
  32. 		for(int i=0;i<list.size();i++) {
  33. 			User user2=list.get(i);
  34. 			if(user2.getUsername().equals(user.getUsername())) {
  35. 				return "注册失败，该用户名已存在！";
  36. 			}
  37. 		}
  38. 		dao.insertElement(user);
  39. 		return "注册成功";
  40. 	}
  41.  
  42. }

以上就是全部的代码，每句代码都会有详细的解释

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