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带权重的随机算法(Weighted Random Algorithm)是一种在给定一组具有不同权重的选项时,根据权重随机选择一个选项的算法。这种算法常用于需要按照某种分布来选择元素的情况,比如负载均衡、随机化测试、游戏中的随机事件等。
比如游戏抽奖,抽中最好奖品的概率会随着抽奖次数的增加而增加。
以下我们来举一个学生点名的例子,用以理解带权重的随机算法。
点名要求如下:1,最初每个学生被点到名的概率一样
2,每次被点到名下次再被点到的概率减半
首先我们创建学生类:
package IoStream.Case; public class Student { private String name; private String sex; private int age; private double weight; public Student() { } public Student(String name, String sex, int age, double weight) { this.name = name; this.sex = sex; this.age = age; this.weight = weight; } /** * 获取 * @return name */ public String getName() { return name; } /** * 设置 * @param name */ public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } /** * 获取 * @return sex */ public String getSex() { return sex; } /** * 设置 * @param sex */ public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; } /** * 获取 * @return age */ public int getAge() { return age; } /** * 设置 * @param age */ public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } /** * 获取 * @return weight */ public double getWeight() { return weight; } /** * 设置 * @param weight */ public void setWeight(double weight) { this.weight = weight; } public String toString() { return name + "-" + sex + "-" + age + "-" + weight; } }
按以下格式随便编一些名字
姓名-性别-年龄-权重
王二麻子-男-25-1.0 李大脚-男-32-1.0 张小花-女-29-1.0 刘铁柱-男-40-1.0 陈香菜-女-22-1.0 杨胖胖-男-35-1.0 赵香蕉-女-28-1.0 周拜金-男-45-1.0 吴饼干-女-30-1.0 黄三炮-男-27-1.0 许大嘴-女-31-1.0 马小胖-男-29-1.0 朱二傻-女-24-1.0 冯大头-男-38-1.0 陶小贝-女-33-1.0 林铁蛋-男-42-1.0 钟哈哈-男-26-1.0 梁小笨-女-39-1.0 徐二白-男-34-1.0 袁矮子-女-28-1.0 蔡懒虫-男-23-1.0 秦二愣子-女-37-1.0 邓大傻-男-41-1.0 魏二呆-女-29-1.0 潘短腿-男-36-1.0 曾二百斤-女-31-1.0 赖大胃-男-27-1.0 丁小懒-女-33-1.0 姚二白-男-30-1.0 文二脑-女-25-1.0
下面为带权重的随机算法
package IoStream.Case; import java.io.*; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; public class Random_roll_call_with_weight { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { //1将文件中的数据放入列表 ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList<>(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(".\\roll.txt")); String info; while ((info = br.readLine()) != null){ String[] split = info.split("-"); Student student = new Student(split[0],split[1],Integer.parseInt(split[2]),Double.parseDouble(split[3])); list.add(student); } //System.out.println(list); //2计算总权重 double weight = 0; int index = 0; for (Student student : list) { weight = weight + student.getWeight(); } //System.out.println(weight); //3计算每一个权重占比 double[] arr = new double[list.size()]; for (Student student : list) { arr[index] = student.getWeight()/weight; index++; } //System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr)); //4计算每一个权重占比范围 for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) { arr[i] = arr[i] + arr[i-1]; } //System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr)); //5随机抽取 double rand = Math.random(); //System.out.println(rand); int i = - Arrays.binarySearch(arr, rand); System.out.println(list.get(i-1)); //6调整权重 list.get(i-1).setWeight(list.get(i-1).getWeight()/2); //7写入文件 BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(".\\roll.txt")); for (Student student : list) { bw.write(student.toString()); bw.newLine(); } br.close(); bw.close(); } }
点到一次权重减半
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