docker镜像和容器操作、四种网络模式介绍_镜像中添加命令怎么设置

目录

一.镜像操作

1.搜索官方仓库镜像

2.拉取镜像

3.查看当前主机镜像列表

4.导出镜像

5.删除镜像

6.导入镜像

二.容器操作

1.启动容器

（1）docker run 镜像名，container可省略

（2）可选参数

2.关闭容器

3.激活关闭的容器

（1）docker start/restart 容器名

（2）可选参数

4.查看容器详细信息

5.测试容器并查看日志

6.对运行中的容器执行操作

（1）进入正在运行的容器

（2）可选参数

7.删除容器

8.管理容器内数据

9.主机与容器内文件的拷贝

三.四种网络模式

1.bridge模式

2.host模式

3.container模式

4.none模式简介

四.容器和镜像仓库练习

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一.镜像操作

1.搜索官方仓库镜像

（1）示例

[root@localhost ~]# docker search httpd
NAME                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
httpd                            The Apache HTTP Server Project                  4512      [OK]       
clearlinux/httpd                 httpd HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) ser…   5                    
paketobuildpacks/httpd                                                           0                    
vulhub/httpd                                                                     0                    
jitesoft/httpd                   Apache httpd on Alpine linux.                   0                    
openquantumsafe/httpd            Demo of post-quantum cryptography in Apache …   0                    
wodby/httpd                                                                      0                    
avenga/httpd-static                                                              0                    
dockette/httpdump                                                                0                    
betterweb/httpd                                                                  0                    
dockette/apache                  Apache / HTTPD                                  1                    [OK]
centos/httpd-24-centos7          Platform for running Apache httpd 2.4 or bui…   45                   
manageiq/httpd                   Container with httpd, built on CentOS for Ma…   1                    [OK]
centos/httpd-24-centos8                                                          1                    
dockerpinata/httpd                                                               1                    
19022021/httpd-connection_test   This httpd image will test the connectivity …   0                    
publici/httpd                    httpd:latest                                    1                    [OK]
centos/httpd                                                                     36                   [OK]
httpdocker/kubia                                                                 0                    
e2eteam/httpd                                                                    0                    
manasip/httpd                                                                    0                    
httpdss/archerysec               ArcherySec repository                           0                    [OK]
solsson/httpd-openidc            mod_auth_openidc on official httpd image, ve…   2                    [OK]
patrickha/httpd-err                                                              0                    
hypoport/httpd-cgi               httpd-cgi                                       2                    [OK]

（2）可选参数

（3）各列参数含义

2.拉取镜像

（1）docker pull从docker镜像仓库获取镜像，添加-a参数表示拉去所有匹配的镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx:1.14-alpine  #alpine表示构建容器小镜像的发行版本
1.14-alpine: Pulling from library/nginx
bdf0201b3a05: Pull complete 
3d0a573c81ed: Pull complete 
8129faeb2eb6: Pull complete 
3dc99f571daf: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:485b610fefec7ff6c463ced9623314a04ed67e3945b9c08d7e53a47f6d108dc7
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.14-alpine
docker.io/library/nginx:1.14-alpine

（2）标记本地镜像，将它放进某一仓库

[root@localhost ~]# docker tag nginx:1.14-alpine /data/nginx:v1   #tag指定镜像标签

（3）查看镜像层数

[root@localhost ~]# docker history nginx:1.14-alpine 
IMAGE          CREATED       CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
8a2fb25a19f5   4 years ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon…   0B        
<missing>      4 years ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM           0B        
<missing>      4 years ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B        
<missing>      4 years ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:ebf4f0eb33621cc0…   1.09kB    
<missing>      4 years ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:4c82b9f10b84c567…   643B      
<missing>      4 years ago   /bin/sh -c GPG_KEYS=B0F4253373F8F6F510D42178…   10.5MB    
<missing>      4 years ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.14.2     0B        
<missing>      4 years ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do…   0B        
<missing>      4 years ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh"]              0B        
<missing>      4 years ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:2e3a37883f56a4a27…   5.53MB    

3.查看当前主机镜像列表

（1）查看，默认只显示顶层

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG           IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
nginx        1.14-alpine   8a2fb25a19f5   4 years ago   16MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY   TAG           IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
nginx        1.14-alpine   8a2fb25a19f5   4 years ago   16MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker image ls nginx
REPOSITORY   TAG           IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
nginx        1.14-alpine   8a2fb25a19f5   4 years ago   16MB
 
 
 
[root@localhost ~]# docker image --help
 
Usage:  docker image COMMAND
 
Manage images
 
Commands:
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  history     Show the history of an image
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more images
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  ls          List images
  prune       Remove unused images
  pull        Download an image from a registry
  push        Upload an image to a registry
  rm          Remove one or more images
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE

镜像大小说明：docker image ls显示的是镜像拉去到本地后展开的大小（即展开后各层占空间总合），不是在docker hub中的压缩状态的大小，而且这个大小并非四=是实际消耗的硬盘空间大小。

（2）显示没有仓库名，没有标签的“虚悬镜像”，这些镜像可以放心删除

[root@localhost ~]# docker image ls -f dangling=true
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE
 
 
[root@localhost ~]# docker image prune  #删除虚悬镜像

（3）显示包括中间层镜像在内的所有镜像，中间层镜像不能删除

[root@localhost ~]# docker image ls -a

（4）查看镜像的详细信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker image inspect nginx:1.14-alpine

（5）其他可选参数

4.导出镜像

使用“>”或“-o”参数指定导出镜像位置，需要导出的镜像可以为多个，在指定导出的文件名后缀为“.tar.gz”时可以让文件直接压缩，在需要指定多个镜像时就直接在save后面将多个镜像列出来即可。

[root@localhost ~]# docker image save nginx > docker-nginx.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 16860
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Jul 23 09:59 abc
-rw-------. 1 root root     1386 Jul 23 09:02 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 17258496 Aug 20 20:25 docker-nginx.tar.gz

5.删除镜像

（1）指定拉取时的名称，也可以通过ID删除

[root@localhost ~]# docker image rm nginx:1.14-alpine
#rm或rmi

（2）可选参数

6.导入镜像

 -i指定先前导出的镜像文件，可加“-q”参数精简输出信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker image load -i docker-nginx.tar.gz

二.容器操作

[root@localhost ~]# docker container --help
 
Usage:  docker container COMMAND
 
Manage containers
 
Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  exec        Execute a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more containers
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  ls          List containers
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  prune       Remove all stopped containers
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  run         Create and run a new container from an image
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
 
Run 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

1.启动容器

（1）docker run 镜像名，container可省略

[root@localhost ~]# docker container run -d -p 80:80 nginx:1.14-alpine 
d2a903c987ac122186f950b55fc5716564aec096f5ad2376e285853638ce718c
 
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps  #查询容器运行状态
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
d2a903c987ac   nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   10 seconds ago   Up 9 seconds   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   dreamy_cerf
 
[root@localhost ~]# docker port dreamy_cerf  #查看docker端口映射，这个名字在启动时没有指定时会自动创建一个，通过docker ps查询
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:80
80/tcp -> [::]:80

注：容器内的第一个进程必须一致处于运行状态，否则容器将退出 

（2）可选参数

2.关闭容器

docker stop/kill 容器名，kill可以像Linux杀进程一样使用信号控制（-s参数 信号）

3.激活关闭的容器

（1）docker start/restart 容器名

（2）可选参数

4.查看容器详细信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
d2a903c987ac   nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   24 minutes ago   Up 24 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   dreamy_cerf
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect dreamy_cerf

5.测试容器并查看日志

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect dreamy_cerf | grep -i address
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
[root@localhost ~]# curl 172.17.0.2
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
 
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
 
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
 
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs dreamy_cerf
172.17.0.1 - - [20/Aug/2023:13:32:50 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
172.17.0.1 - - [20/Aug/2023:13:33:10 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
172.17.0.1 - - [20/Aug/2023:13:34:53 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
172.17.0.1 - - [20/Aug/2023:13:44:23 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
 
 

6.对运行中的容器执行操作

（1）进入正在运行的容器

docker exec 容器名

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it dreamy_cerf /bin/sh   #指定运行环境
/ # ls /
bin    etc    lib    mnt    proc   run    srv    tmp    var
dev    home   media  opt    root   sbin   sys    usr
/ # exit   #exit退出
 
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec dreamy_cerf echo hello
hello

（2）可选参数

7.删除容器

在删除正在运行的容器前需要先停止该容器

（1）docker kill 容器名

（2）docker rm （-f）容器名，（强制）删除容器

（3）docker rm -f  `docker ps -a -q`，强制删除所有容器

（4）docker container prune，删除处于终止状态的容器

8.管理容器内数据

数据卷——类似于Linux文件系统中目录的挂载，docker镜像中被指定为挂载点的目录里的文件会隐藏，只显示挂载着数据卷。数据卷在容器间共享，可重用，数据卷的修改动态会立即生效，其更新不会影响到镜像。

（1）创建数据卷

[root@localhost ~]# docker volume create vol1
vol1
[root@localhost ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     vol1

（2）查看指定数据卷的信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker volume inspect vol1
[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2023-08-20T21:58:06+08:00",
        "Driver": "local",
        "Labels": null,
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/vol1/_data",
        "Name": "vol1",
        "Options": null,
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]

（3）启动一个挂载数据卷的容器

数据卷本地目录挂载以及使用“--volumes-from”新容器从现有容器挂载已有数据卷

#通过-v指定数据卷，可以在卷名前加上路径表示将卷挂载到本地目录
#:前是本地目录路径，:后是容器目录路径，表示将两处的目录挂载到一起，可以实现共享
[root@localhost docker1]# docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     vol1
local     vol2
[root@localhost docker1]# docker run -it -v /docker1:/vol2 nginx:1.14-alpine /bin/sh
/ # ls
bin    etc    lib    mnt    proc   run    srv    tmp    var
dev    home   media  opt    root   sbin   sys    usr    vol2
[root@localhost docker1]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6 Aug 21 12:38 a.txt
/ # cd vol2/
/vol2 # ls
a.txt
/vol2 # cat a.txt
hello               #本地目录挂载完成
 
#新容器挂载已有容器的已有卷
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd --volumes-from quirky_ramanujan --name db1 nginx:1.14-alpine 
31b2b8a7a31803aa8d239667491212991cf44cdcf909f460990d8440ed3d0e57
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED          S
31b2b8a7a318   nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   44 seconds ago   U
2cee63a76808   nginx:1.14-alpine   "/bin/sh"                13 minutes ago   U
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it db1 /bin/sh
/ # ls
bin    etc    lib    mnt    proc   run    srv    tmp    var
dev    home   media  opt    root   sbin   sys    usr    vol2
/ # cd vol2/
/vol2 # ls
a.txt
/vol2 # cat a.txt 
hello

（4）删除数据卷

可以直接删除卷，也可以在删除容器时加“-v”参数同时删除数据卷

[root@localhost ~]# docker volume rm 卷名

（5）删除无主数据卷

[root@localhost ~]# docker volume prune

（6）查看镜像、容器、数据卷占用空间

[root@localhost ~]# docker system df
TYPE            TOTAL     ACTIVE    SIZE      RECLAIMABLE
Images          1         1         16.03MB   0B (0%)  #镜像
Containers      5         2         14B       0B (0%)  #容器
Local Volumes   1         1         1.149kB   0B (0%)  #数据卷
Build Cache     0         0         0B        0B

9.主机与容器内文件的拷贝

使用docker cp 容器文件路径/主机目标路径 主机文件路径/容器目标路径

在指定容器内的路径时需要使用到容器名称，如下将本地的html文件拷贝到mynginx的容器中并且修改配置文件进行测试

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED       STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
9acec97ce635   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago   Up 2 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   mynginx
 
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 9ac /bin/bash
root@9acec97ce635:/#
root@9acec97ce635:/etc/nginx# vim nginx.conf
 
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp /root/index.html mynginx:/etc/nginx/html  #把html文件拷进去
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED       STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
9acec97ce635   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago   Up 4 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   mynginx
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart 9ac   #重启容器
9ac

 

三.四种网络模式

1.bridge模式

（1）简介

如图所示，docker完整安装后会自动创建一个docker0网桥，不指定网络模式的情况下，docker程序默认将程序与docker0虚拟网桥连接，通过docker0来与宿主机通信。每运行一个docker都会在主机中产生对应的虚拟veth网卡设备，运行的docker都是和docker0虚拟网桥位于同一网段，docker0的地址作为docker的网关地址

bridge模式下主机和docker，docker与docker之间可以互相通信

（2）演示

运行两个容器，不指定网络模式情况下默认是bridge模式

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name web1 nginx:1.14-alpine 
46dfb334cc76f59cfdb1cafcdea0bbc7b59626607f4f42441a4a579a256fa6fd
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name web2 nginx:1.14-alpine 
e98078ffd26a37861dc0eb3e66d87a75bbe6d070917fd0970282372245acf8e2
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                     NAMES
e98078ffd26a   nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   10 seconds ago   Up 10 seconds   0.0.0.0:32770->80/tcp, :::32770->80/tcp   web2
46dfb334cc76   nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   18 seconds ago   Up 17 seconds   0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp, :::32769->80/tcp   web1

在主机中自动生成了两个veth设备

[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:b7:d0:79 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.2.190/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::c0a0:564:e1a7:2b9c/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:e5:5e:06:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:e5ff:fe5e:66a/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
15: veth57180bd@if14: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default 
    link/ether 6a:f0:0e:99:2e:b9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet6 fe80::68f0:eff:fe99:2eb9/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
17: veth8e2b70d@if16: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default 
    link/ether 8e:72:5f:e8:b0:c5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
    inet6 fe80::8c72:5fff:fee8:b0c5/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

查看两个容器的IP地址

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect web1 | grep -i ipaddress
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect web2 | grep -i ipaddress
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",

可以自定义网桥，自定义网桥网段会发生变化

[root@localhost ~]# docker network create -d bridge mybridge1
9a90056a032815f7a7016ca34e38456a3a494ec470d869bcaf55b54a04a11b3b
[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME        DRIVER    SCOPE
77e840367105   bridge      bridge    local
5e0d2b0cb5bd   host        host      local
9a90056a0328   mybridge1   bridge    local
b1f06c666e9b   none        null      local
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:b7:d0:79 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.2.190/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::c0a0:564:e1a7:2b9c/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:e5:5e:06:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:e5ff:fe5e:66a/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
15: veth57180bd@if14: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default 
    link/ether 6a:f0:0e:99:2e:b9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet6 fe80::68f0:eff:fe99:2eb9/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
17: veth8e2b70d@if16: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default 
    link/ether 8e:72:5f:e8:b0:c5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
    inet6 fe80::8c72:5fff:fee8:b0c5/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
18: br-9a90056a0328: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:73:2f:84:71 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.18.0.1/16 brd 172.18.255.255 scope global br-9a90056a0328
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2.host模式

（1）简介

host模式下，容器没有地理的网络命名空间（不会新增网卡设备），和宿主机共用网络命名空间，使用宿主机的IP和端口

（2）演示

运行一个容器，并且可以在容器内只看到和宿主机共用的IP

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it -d -p 80:80 --name web1 --network host nginx:1.14-alpine 
WARNING: Published ports are discarded when using host network mode
fde1b4af966fc7f774185cf5895be0876cd3d06c8576815f105b1e1d33512360
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it web1 
"docker exec" requires at least 2 arguments.
See 'docker exec --help'.
 
Usage:  docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
 
Execute a command in a running container
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it web1 /bin/sh
/ # ls
bin    dev    etc    home   lib    media  mnt    opt    proc   root   run    sbin   srv    sys    tmp    usr    var
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:b7:d0:79 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.2.190/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::c0a0:564:e1a7:2b9c/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN 
    link/ether 02:42:e5:5e:06:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
/usr/share/nginx/html # ls
50x.html    index.html
/usr/share/nginx/html # echo hello > index.html 
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.2.190
hello

3.container模式

（1）简介

指定这个模式下新运行的容器和已经存在的容器共享命名空间、IP、端口等，不和宿主机共享。可以理解为这两个容器之间在网络方面产生绑定关系，可以通过lo环回网卡设备通信。

（2）演示

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name nginx1 -it --network container:web1 nginx:1.14-alpine
#web1为被共享的docker

4.none模式简介

none模式下，docker容器拥有自己的网络命名空间，此时不为任何docker容器进行网络配置，需要自定义网卡和IP等等。此模式下docker不参与网络通信，仅能访问本地环回接口，适用于无需网络的环境中的离线任务。

四.容器和镜像仓库练习

1.安装docker服务，配置镜像加速器

​
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2   #安装必要工具
 
[root@localhost~]#yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo   #新增源
 
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo  #修改源文件
 
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache fast  #更新
 
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install docker-ce  #安装docker-ce
 
[root@localhost ~]# yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r  #可以通过这行命令找到自己想要安装的具体版本，默认是安装最新版本
 
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
 
[root@localhost ~]# docker version  #查看docker版本
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           24.0.5
 API version:       1.43
 Go version:        go1.20.6
 Git commit:        ced0996
 Built:             Fri Jul 21 20:39:02 2023
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          24.0.5
  API version:      1.43 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.20.6
  Git commit:       a61e2b4
  Built:            Fri Jul 21 20:38:05 2023
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.6.22
  GitCommit:        8165feabfdfe38c65b599c4993d227328c231fca
 runc:
  Version:          1.1.8
  GitCommit:        v1.1.8-0-g82f18fe
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0
 
 
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/docker/
[root@localhost docker]# ll
total 0
[root@localhost docker]# vim daemon.json
{
 
"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]
 
}
#使用的是中国科技大学的镜像加速器，也可以选择阿里云的
[root@localhost docker]# systemctl daemon-reload  #重载配置并重启
[root@localhost docker]# systemctl restart docker

2.下载系统镜像（ubuntu和centos）

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull ubuntu
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu
b237fe92c417: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:ec050c32e4a6085b423d36ecd025c0d3ff00c38ab93a3d71a460ff1c44fa6d77
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest
docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest

3.基于下载的镜像创建两个容器（一个为名字全拼一个为名字首字母）

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name sulibao -d -P ubuntu
b7d1e332cdad2844250054c4fc5c78856139af2117464843251d04974f0ec8d9
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name slb -d -P centos
d51febc7bc7cc7673e5f539d3ed535fffbd1c72aed29ac838dfc59ce99380511
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
d51febc7bc7c   centos    "/bin/bash"   27 seconds ago   Up 26 seconds             slb
b7d1e332cdad   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   44 seconds ago   Up 43 seconds             sulibao

4.容器启动、停止和重启

[root@localhost ~]# docker stop slb 
slb
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop sulibao
sulibao
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart slb
slb
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart sulibao
sulibao
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
d51febc7bc7c   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up 6 seconds             slb
b7d1e332cdad   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up 2 seconds             sulibao

5.查看正在运行的容器和所有容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
d51febc7bc7c   centos    "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Up 5 minutes             slb
b7d1e332cdad   ubuntu    "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Up 5 minutes             sulibao

6.两种方法退出容器

（1）交互模式下exit

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it slb /bin/sh
sh-4.4# ls 
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
sh-4.4# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# 

（2）交互模式下“ctrl+d”

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it sulibao /bin/sh
# ls
bin   dev  home  lib32	libx32	mnt  proc  run	 srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  lib	 lib64	media	opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
# 
[root@localhost ~]# 

7.连接到运行的容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it sulibao /bin/sh
# ls
bin   dev  home  lib32	libx32	mnt  proc  run	 srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  lib	 lib64	media	opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

8.查看容器或镜像的内部信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect slb
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect ubuntu:latest

9.如何查看所有镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
ubuntu       latest    01f29b872827   2 weeks ago     77.8MB
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   23 months ago   231MB