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前段时间,为了实现自动化巡检,我开发了自动化巡检工具,由于我的系统设备版本比较多,所以我是分别开发的客户端程序,服务端使用dll文件与客户端通信,服务端的dll在与python通信,通过Python丰富的第三方库,实现绘图入库等,该方式比较繁琐,我们管理的设备还有一些网络设备,这些设备无法通过开发程序来实现监控,为了实现全平台全设备监控,我决定使用SNMP实现监控任务。
首先需要在系统中安装SNMP客户端,对于Linux平台来说只需要执行如下配置过程即可.
- [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y net-snmp
- [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf |grep -vE "^#|^$"
- com2sec notConfigUser default public
-
- group notConfigGroup v1 notConfigUser
- group notConfigGroup v2c notConfigUser
-
- view systemview included .1
- view systemview included .1
-
- access notConfigGroup "" any noauth exact systemview none none
-
- [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart snmpd
- [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable snmpd
如果是Windows系统则需要在客户机服务列表,开启SNMP支持,并设置好一个团体名称,如下图。
当我们配置好客户端后,服务端就客户获取数据了,我们以一个OID序号为例,我们查询特定序号对应的名称,然后将其记录下来,例如下面这样。
首先我们不适用PySNMP模块直接开线程调用看看,该代码如下所示.
- import os,re,time
-
- # 通过SNMP收集主机CPU利用率: 通过SNMP协议,收集目标主机的CPU利用率(百分比),并返回JSON字符串.
- def Get_CPU_Info(addr):
- try:
- Head = ["HostName","CoreLoad","CpuUser","CpuSystem","CpuIdle"]
- CPU = []
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5")
- CPU.append(ret.read().split(":")[3].strip())
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.3.1.2")
- CPU.append(ret.read().split(":")[3].strip())
-
- for i in [9,10,11]:
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " 1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.{}.0".format(i))
- ret = ret.read()
- Info = ret.split(":")[3].strip()
- CPU.append(Info)
- return dict(zip(Head,CPU))
- except Exception:
- return 0
-
- # 通过SNMP获取系统CPU负载信息: 分别获取到系统的1,5,15分钟的负载信息,并返回JSON格式.
- def Get_Load_Info(addr):
- try:
- Head = ["HostName","Load1","Load5","Load15"]
- SysLoad = []
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5")
- SysLoad.append(ret.read().split(":")[3].strip())
-
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.3")
- load = list(re.sub(".*STRING: ", "", ret.read()).split("\n"))
- SysLoad.append(load[0])
- SysLoad.append(load[1])
- SysLoad.append(load[2])
- return dict(zip(Head,SysLoad))
- except Exception:
- return 0
-
- # 通过SNMP获取系统内存占用: 内存利用率,获取到之后,将其转化为字典格式保存。
- def Get_Mem_Info(addr):
- try:
- Head = ["HostName","memTotalSwap","memAvailSwap","memTotalReal","memTotalFree"]
- SysMem = []
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5")
- SysMem.append(ret.read().split(":")[3].strip())
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4")
- mem = ret.read().split("\n")
- for i in [2,3,4,6]:
- SysMem.append(re.sub(".*INTEGER: ","",mem[i]).split(" ")[0])
- return dict(zip(Head,SysMem))
- except Exception:
- return 0
-
- # 通过SNMP获取系统磁盘数据: 这个案例并不完整,我只写了一点,后面有个问题一直没有解决.
- def Get_Disk_Info(addr):
- try:
- dic = {}
- list = []
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageDescr")
- DiskName = ret.read().split("\n")
- ret =os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageUsed")
- DiskUsed = ret.read().split("\n")
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageSize")
- DiskSize = ret.read().split("\n")
-
- for i in range(1,len(DiskName) - 7):
- dic["Name"]= DiskName[i + 5].split(":")[3]
- dic["Used"]= DiskUsed[i + 5].split(":")[3]
- dic["Size"]= DiskSize[i + 5].split(":")[3]
- list.append(dic)
- return list
- except Exception:
- return 0
-
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- for i in range(100):
- dic = Get_CPU_Info("192.168.1.20")
- print(dic)
- time.sleep(1)
通过SNMP收集主机CPU利用率 通过SNMP协议,收集目标主机的CPU利用率(百分比),并返回JSON字符串.
- import os,re,time
-
- def Get_CPU_Info(addr):
- try:
- Head = ["HostName","CoreLoad","CpuUser","CpuSystem","CpuIdle"]
- CPU = []
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5")
- CPU.append(ret.read().split(":")[3].strip())
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.3.1.2")
- CPU.append(ret.read().split(":")[3].strip())
-
- for i in [9,10,11]:
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " 1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.{}.0".format(i))
- ret = ret.read()
- Info = ret.split(":")[3].strip()
- CPU.append(Info)
- return dict(zip(Head,CPU))
- except Exception:
- return 0
-
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- for i in range(100):
- dic = Get_CPU_Info("192.168.1.20")
- print(dic)
- time.sleep(1)
通过SNMP获取系统CPU负载信息 分别获取到系统的1,5,15分钟的负载信息,并返回JSON格式.
- import os,re,time
-
- def Get_Load_Info(addr):
- try:
- Head = ["HostName","Load1","Load5","Load15"]
- SysLoad = []
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5")
- SysLoad.append(ret.read().split(":")[3].strip())
-
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.3")
- load = list(re.sub(".*STRING: ", "", ret.read()).split("\n"))
- SysLoad.append(load[0])
- SysLoad.append(load[1])
- SysLoad.append(load[2])
- return dict(zip(Head,SysLoad))
- except Exception:
- return 0
-
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- dic = Get_Load_Info("192.168.1.20")
- print(dic)
通过SNMP获取系统内存占用 内存利用率,获取到之后,将其转化为字典格式保存。
- import os,re,time
-
- def Get_Mem_Info(addr):
- try:
- Head = ["HostName","memTotalSwap","memAvailSwap","memTotalReal","memTotalFree"]
- SysMem = []
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5")
- SysMem.append(ret.read().split(":")[3].strip())
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4")
- mem = ret.read().split("\n")
- for i in [2,3,4,6]:
- SysMem.append(re.sub(".*INTEGER: ","",mem[i]).split(" ")[0])
- return dict(zip(Head,SysMem))
- except Exception:
- return 0
-
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- dic = Get_Mem_Info("192.168.1.20")
- print(dic)
通过SNMP获取系统磁盘数据 这个案例并不完整,我只写了一点,后面有个问题一直没有解决.
- import os,re,time
-
- def Get_Disk_Info(addr):
- try:
- dic = {}
- list = []
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageDescr")
- DiskName = ret.read().split("\n")
- ret =os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageUsed")
- DiskUsed = ret.read().split("\n")
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageSize")
- DiskSize = ret.read().split("\n")
-
- for i in range(1,len(DiskName) - 7):
- dic["Name"]= DiskName[i + 5].split(":")[3]
- dic["Used"]= DiskUsed[i + 5].split(":")[3]
- dic["Size"]= DiskSize[i + 5].split(":")[3]
- list.append(dic)
- return list
- except Exception:
- return 0
-
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- list = Get_Disk_Info("192.168.1.20")
- print(list)
接下来,我们使用pysnmp模块来做,安装pysnmp很简单,执行命令pip install pysnmp
即可,安装后,使用以下代码执行即可获取到目标数据,网上的那些转载的都是坑,没一个能用的,这个案例是官方案例,可以使用。
- from pysnmp.hlapi import *
-
- iterator = getCmd(SnmpEngine(),
- CommunityData('public'),
- UdpTransportTarget(('192.168.1.113', 161)),
- ContextData(),
- ObjectType(ObjectIdentity('SNMPv2-MIB', 'sysDescr', 0)))
-
- errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, varBinds = next(iterator)
-
- if errorIndication:
- print(errorIndication)
- else:
- if errorStatus:
- print('%s at %s' % (errorStatus.prettyPrint(), varBinds[int(errorIndex)-1] if errorIndex else '?'))
- else:
- for varBind in varBinds:
- print(' = '.join([x.prettyPrint() for x in varBind]))
首先我们以一个OID序号为例,我们查询特定序号对应的名称,然后将其记录下来,例如下面这样。
在客户机上面,需要在服务列,开启SNMP支持,并设置好一个团体名称,如下图。
然后我们简单的封装一个类,先来测试一下是否能通。
- # snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 192.168.1.113 .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5
- from pysnmp.hlapi import *
-
-
- class NetSNMP():
- def __init__(self,address,region):
- self.region = region
- self.address = address
-
- # 获取指定数据的方法
- def GetNumber(self,oid,sub_oid,sub_id):
- iterator = getCmd(SnmpEngine(),
- CommunityData(self.region),
- UdpTransportTarget((self.address, 161)),
- ContextData(),
- ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(oid, sub_oid, sub_id)))
- errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, varBinds = next(iterator)
-
- if errorIndication:
- return False
- else:
- if errorStatus:
- return False
- else:
- for varBind in varBinds:
- return [x.prettyPrint() for x in varBind]
-
- if __name__ == "__main__":
-
- # 初始化
- ptr = NetSNMP("192.168.1.101","public")
-
- # 设置OID数据集
- ret = ptr.GetNumber("HOST-RESOURCES-MIB","hrMemorySize",0)
- print("类型: {} --> 返回结果: {} --> 解析: {}".format(type(ret),ret,ret[1]))
运行后,即可读取到内存数据,如下。
未完待续
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