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postgresql使用RHCS套件搭建HA高可用集群_postgresql+rhcs

作者：weixin_40725706 | 2024-03-01 11:09:57

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postgresql+rhcs

 
 环境： 

 
 数据库服务器 2台 

 
 服务器一 操作系统：CentOS 6.8 x86_64 

 
 IP(eth0):192.168.11.61 

 
 主机名：node1 

 
 服务器二 操作系统：CentOS 6.8 x86_64 

 
 IP_1(eth0):192.168.11.62 

 
 主机名：node2 

 
 存储服务器 操作系统：CentOS 6.8 x86_64 

 
 IP_1(eth0):192.168.11.63 

 
 主机名：disk 

 
 共享盘:/dev/sdb（30G、LVM） 

 
 虚拟IP 192.168.11.69 

 
 1、共享磁盘的设置 

 
 [root@disk ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb 

 
 Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel 

 
 Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xa5927bb4. 

 
 Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. 

 
 After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. 

 
 Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) 

 
 WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to 

 
 switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to 

 
 sectors (command 'u'). 

 
 Command (m for help): n 

 
 Command action 

 
 e extended 

 
 p primary partition (1-4) 

p

 
 Partition number (1-4): 1 

 
 First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 

 
 Using default value 1 

 
 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +10G 

 
 Command (m for help): w 

 
 The partition table has been altered! 

 
 [root@node1 /]# fdisk -l 

 
 Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes 

 
 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders 

 
 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes 

 
 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 

 
 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 

 
 Disk identifier: 0x0007f236 

 
 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System 

 
 /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux 

 
 Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. 

 
 /dev/sda2 64 6528 51915776 8e Linux LVM 

 
 Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 

 
 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders 

 
 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes 

 
 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 

 
 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 

 
 Disk identifier: 0x2eb7246b 

 
 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System 

 
 /dev/sdb1 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux 

 
 Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 51.1 GB, 51078234112 bytes 

 
 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6209 cylinders 

 
 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes 

 
 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 

 
 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 

 
 Disk identifier: 0x00000000 

 
 Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 2080 MB, 2080374784 bytes 

 
 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 252 cylinders 

 
 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes 

 
 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 

 
 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 

 
 Disk identifier: 0x00000000 

 
 格式化磁盘 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb 

 
 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) 

 
 Filesystem label= 

 
 OS type: Linux 

 
 Block size=4096 (log=2) 

 
 Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 

 
 Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 

 
 655360 inodes, 2620506 blocks 

 
 131025 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user 

 
 First data block=0 

 
 Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560 

 
 80 block groups 

 
 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 

 
 8192 inodes per group 

 
 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 

 
 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632 

 
 Writing inode tables: done 

 
 Creating journal (32768 blocks): done 

 
 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

 
 This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or 

 
 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. 

 
 2、用户及目录（两台数据库服务上都执行）： 

 
 创建 postgres用户 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# useradd postgres 

 
 创建数据库的data目录，并配置目录的权限 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /home/postgres/pgsql9.6 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /home/postgres/data 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# chown -R postgres:postgres /home/postgres 

 
 在postgres 用户下设置环境变量 

 
 export PATH=/home/postgres/pgsql9.6/bin:$PATH 

 
 export PGDATA=/home/postgres/data 

 
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/postgres/pgsql9.6/lib 

 
 3、网络配置（三台机器都执行）： 

 
 root用户配置/etc/hosts文件，最终内容如下： 

 
 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 localhost 

 
 ::1 localhost.localdomain localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost 

 
 192.168.11.61 node1 

 
 192.168.11.62 node2 

 
 192.168.11.63 disk 

 
 root用户关闭防火墙，命令如下： 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# chkconfig iptables off 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# service iptables stop 

 
 root用户编辑文件/etc/sysconfig/selinux，关闭selinux，命令如下： 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux 

 
 # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. 

 
 # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: 

 
 # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. 

 
 # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. 

 
 # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. 

 
 SELINUX= 
 disabled 

 
 # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values: 

 
 # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, 

 
 # mls - Multi Level Security protection. 

 
 SELINUXTYPE=targeted 

 
 4、SSH互信 

 
 root用户互信 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ' ' 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node1 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node2 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@disk 

 
 postgres用户互信 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# su - postgres 

 
 [postgres@node1 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ' ' 

 
 [postgres@node1 ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub postgres@node1 

 
 [postgres@node1 ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub postgres@node2 

 
 [postgres@node1 ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 
 postgres@disk 

 
 root用户与postgres用户互信 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub postgres@node1 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub postgres@node2 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub postgres@disk 

 
 [postgres@node1 ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node1 

 
 [postgres@node1 ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node2 

 
 [postgres@node1 ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@disk 

 
 5、安装共享存储 

  共享存储采用icsci + multipath的形式。 

 
 ISCSI 

 
 存储服务器 

 
 服务器端安装scsi-target-utils包。 

 
 编辑/etc/tgt/targets.conf文件添加存储分区，添加内容如下： 

 
 <target iqn.2017-04-05.dev:server.target1> 

 
 backing-store /dev/sdb1 

 
 </target> 

 
 配置服务，命令如下： 

 
 [root@disk ~]# service tgtd start 

 
 [root@disk ~]# chkconfig tgtd on 

 
 节点服务器（两台都安装） 

 
 客户端安装iscsi-initiator-utils包。 

 
 编辑/etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi文件添加存储目标，文件内容如下： 

 
 InitiatorName=iqn.2017-04-05.dev:server.target1 

 
 配置服务： 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# chkconfig iscsi on 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# chkconfig iscsid on 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# service iscsi restart 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# service iscsid restart 

 
 创建目录，联机iscsi共享盘，命令如下： 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.11.63:3260 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2017-04-05.dev:server.target1 -l 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/sdb /home/postgres/data 

 
 [root@node1 ~]# chown -R postgres:postgres /home/postgres/data 

 
 6、安装postgresql数据库 

 
 安装过程： 

 
 节点一 

 
 [postgres@node1 ~]$ tar -xvf postgresql-9.6.1.tar.bz2 

 
 [postgres@node1 ~]$ cd postgresql-9.6.1 

 
 [postgres@node1 postgresql-9.6.1]$ ./configure --prefix=/home/postgres/pgsql9.6/ 

 
 [postgres@node1 postgresql-9.6.1]$ make 

 
 [postgres@node1 postgresql-9.6.1]$ make install 

 
 [postgres@node1 postgresql-9.6.1]$ /home/postgres/pgsql9.6/initdb -D /home/postgres/data (注意要确保你的/dev/sdb /挂载到了/home/postgres/data 可以df -h查看一下) 

 
 节点一关闭数据库服务，umount共享盘 

 
 在节点二安装数据库，将共享盘至/home/postgres/data目录下，删除data目录下的所有文件，之后安装数据库（重复节点一安装数据库的过程）。 

 
 节点二关闭数据库服务，umount共享盘 

 
 将共享盘挂载至节点一，重启数据库服务，进行检查 

 
 7、HA软件安装配置 

 
 安装事项 

 
 存储服务器：yum安装luci 

 
 节点服务器：yum安装ricci、cman、rgmanager 

 
 这四个软件均设置为开机自启 

  [root@disk ~]# chkconfig luci on 

  [root@node1 ~]# chkconfig ricci on 

  [root@node1 ~]# chkconfig cman on 

  [root@node1 ~]# chkconfig 
 rgmanager on 

 
 所有服务器关闭NetworkManager服务并设置为开机不启动（否则无法启动cman） 

  [root@node1 ~]# service 
 NetworkManager stop 

  [root@node1 ~]# chkconfig 
 NetworkManager off 

 
 节点服务器：passwd ricci设置密码 

 
 存储服务器以操作系统root用户及其密码登录web管理界面： 
 https://localhost:8084 

 
 1.登陆 

 
 2.创建集群 

点击面板左侧的“Manage Clusters”
点击“Create”

 
 3.、添加失效域 

 
 添加完集群之后，会自动重启节点服务器。 

 
  重新登录管理界面，点击刚创建的集群 

 
  点击“Failover Domains”，添加失效域 

 
 4.添加资源 

 
  点击“Resource”，添加资源 

 
  在下拉菜单中选择“Fielsystem”，添加共享盘资源（data） 

 
  在下拉菜单中选择“Ip Addres”，添加虚拟ip 

 
  在下拉菜单中选择“Script”，添加数据库服务脚本，注意脚本的可执行权限 

 
 5.集群状态 

 
 6.数据库服务脚本（注意脚本权限） 

 
 [root@node1 postgres]# cat service.sh 

 
 #!/bin/bash 

 
 # environment. 

 
 # Get the aliases and functions 

 
 if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then 

 
 . ~/.bashrc 

fi

 
 # User specific environment and startup programs 

 
 export PGDATA=/home/postgres/data 

 
 export PGUSER=postgres 

 
 export PGDATABASE=postgres 

 
 export PGHOST=localhost 

 
 export PGPORT=5432 

 
 export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/postgres/pgsql9.6/bin 

 
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/home/postgres/pgsql9.6/lib 

 
 function start { 

 
 su - ${PGUSER} -c "pg_ctl start" 

 
 return 0 

}

 
 function stop { 

 
 su - ${PGUSER} -c "pg_ctl stop -m fast" 

 
 return 0 

}

 
 function reload { 

 
 su - ${PGUSER} -c "pg_ctl reload" 

 
 return 0 

}

 
 function status { 

 
 su - ${PGUSER} -c "pg_ctl status" 

 
 return $? 

}

 
 # See how we were called. 

 
 case "$1" in 

 
 "start") 

 
 start 

 
 exit $? 

;;

 
 "stop") 

 
 stop 

 
 exit $? 

;;

 
 "restart") 

 
 stop 

 
 start 

 
 exit $? 

;;

 
 "reload") 

 
 reload 

 
 exit $? 

;;

 
 "status") 

 
 status 

 
 exit $? 

;;

*)

 
 echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 

 
 exit 0 

 
 esac 

 
 7.服务器切换测试 

 
 将阶段一的服务器关闭，查看是否能切换到节点二上 

  [root@node2 postgres]# df -h 

  Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on 

  /dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_root 

  37G 4.6G 31G 14% / 

  tmpfs 491M 26M 466M 6% /dev/shm 

  /dev/sda1 477M 35M 418M 8% /boot 

 
 /dev/sdb 20G 83M 19G 1% /home/postgres/data 

  [root@node2 postgres]# su - postgres 

  [postgres@node2 ~]$ psql 

  psql (9.6.1) 

  Type "help" for help. 

  postgres=# 

 
 服务器正常切换，数据库能正常使用 

 
 可以看出节点一掉了 ，服务运行中在节点二上 

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