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单选题(200分):
1、在OSI模型中,HTTP协议工作在第()层,交换机工作在第()层。(10分)
A、7/3
B、7/2(正确答案)
C、6/3
D、6/2
2、Linux有三个查看文件的命令,若希望在查看文件内容过程中可以用光标上下移动来查看文件内容,应使用命令。(10分)
A、cat
B、more
C、less(正确答案)
D、menu
3、以下哪一项最好地描述了何时完成监控项目过程组?(10分)
A、整个项目中持续进行(正确答案)
B、每个可交付成果完成时
C、计划里程碑或项目间隙
D、每个项目阶段结束时
4、以下描述错误的是哪一项?(10分)
A、自建机房需要自己关注所有事情,成本高昂
B、传统IDC分为实体服务器托管和租用两种类型,IDC数据中心提供IP接入、带宽接入、电力供应和网络维护等
C、云计算是一种新的提供资源按需租用的服务模式
D、以上均不对(正确答案)
5、以下关于私有云优势和劣势的描述中,错误的是哪项?(10分)
A、支持定制和遗留应用
B、不影响现有IT管理的流程
C、部署成本高
D、持续运营成本低(正确答案)
6、在bash中,下列哪些语句是赋值语句?(10分)
A、a ="test"
B、$a ="test"
C、a="test"(正确答案)
D、$a="test"
7、在unix系统下执行chmod(“/usr/test/sample”,0753)之后该文件sample的访问权限为?(10分)
A、拥有者可读写执行,同组用户可写可执行,其他用户可读可执行。
B、拥有者可读写执行,同组用户可读写,其他用户可读可执行。
C、拥有者可读写执行,同组用户可读可执行,其他用户可写可执行。(正确答案)
D、拥有者可读写执行,同组用户可读可执行,其他用户可读写。
8、有一个文件ip.txt,每行一条ip记录,共若干行,下面哪个命令可以实现“统计出现次数最多的前3个ip及其次数”?(10分)
A、uniq -c ip.txt│sort -nr│head -n 3
B、sort ip.txt│uniq -c│sort -rn│head -n 3(正确答案)
C、cat ip.txt │count -n│sort -rn│head -n 3
D、cat ip.txt │sort │uniq -c│sort -rn│top -n 3
9、局域网的网络地址192.168.1.0/24,局域网络连接其它网络的网关地址是192.168.1.1。主机192.168.1.20访问172.16.1.0/24网络时,其路由设置正确的是?(10分)
A、route add –net 192.168.1.0 gw 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 metric 1
B、route add –net 172.16.1.0 gw 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 metric 1(正确答案)
C、route add –net 172.16.1.0 gw 172.16.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 metric 1
D、route add default 192.168.1.0 netmask 172.168.1.1 metric 1
10、终止一个前台进程可能用到的命令和操作是?(10分)
A、kill
B、ctrl+C(正确答案)
C、shut down
D、halt
11、当前目录下有a和b两个文件,执行命令“ls>c”,请问文件c里面的内容是什么?(10分)
A、a
B、b
C、ab
D、abc(正确答案)
12、你使用命令”vi/etc/inittab”查看该文件的内容,你不小心改动了一些内容,为了防止系统出为,你不想保存所修改的内容,你应该如何操作:(10分)
A、在末行模式下,键入:wq
B、在末行模式下,键入:q!(正确答案)
C、在末行模式下,键入:x!
D、在编辑模式下,键入”ESC”键直接退出vi
13、8个300G的硬盘做RAID 5的容量空间为(10分)
A、1200G
B、1.8T
C、2.1T(正确答案)
D、2400G
14、为了将当前目录下的归档文件myftp. tgz解压缩到/tmp目录下,用户可以使用命令(10分)
A、tar xvzf myftp. tgz –C /tmp(正确答案)
B、tar xvzf myftp. tgz –R /tmp
C、tar vzf myftp. tgz –X /tmp
D、tar xvzf myftp. tgz /tmp
15、下面关于数据库主从复制机制的原理概述,哪个是正确的?(10分)
A、mysql主从复制是将所有的事物操作写到binlog,slave获取binlog读入自己的数据库中。
B、mysql主从复制是将部分的事物操作写到binlog,slave获取binlog读入自己的中继区,然后再进行执行。
C、mysql主从复制是将所有的事物操作写到binlog,slave获取binlog读入自己的中继区,然后再进形执行。(正确答案)
D、mysql主从复制是将所有的事物操作直接从master节点复制到slave节点。
16、一台主机要实现通过局域网与另一个局域网通信,需要做的工作是?(10分)
A、配置域名服务器
B、定义一条本机指向所在网络的路由
C、定义一条本机指向所在网络网关的路由(正确答案)
D、定义一条本机指向目标网络网关的路由
17、在Linux系统中搭建DHCP服务器时,若需要给客户机指定默认网关地址为192.168.1.1,可以在dhcpd.conf配置文件中进行(10分)
A、option default-gate-way 192.168.1.1;
B、option gateways 192.168.1.1;
C、option routers 192.168.1.1;(正确答案)
D、option router-servers 192.168.1.1;
18、在RHEL5系统vi编辑器的末行模式中,若需要将文件中每一行的第一个“Linux”替换为“RHEL5”,可以使用(10分)
A、:s/Linux/RHEL5
B、:s/Linux/RHEL5/g
C、:%s/Linux/RHEL5(正确答案)
D、:%s/Linux/RHEL5/g
19、您需要制作一个要在web上公开的PDF文件,该文件会被客户通过浏览器下载数百万次,哪种选项最具有成本效益?(10分)
A、将文件存储在S3 Standard中(正确答案)
B、将文件存储在S3 Standard-IA中
C、将文件存储在Glacier中
D、将文件存储在EFS中
20、下面哪个不是docker容器的驱动程序?(10分)
A、XFS(正确答案)
B、ZFS
C、Btrfs
D、Device mapper
多选题(300分):
1、下面属于测试用例黑盒技术的是(15分)
A、等价类划分(正确答案)
B、边界值分析(正确答案)
C、错误推测(正确答案)
D、因果图(正确答案)
2、批量删除当前目录下后缀名为.c的文件。如a.c、b.c。(15分)
A、rm *.c(正确答案)
B、find . -name "*.c" -maxdepth 1 | xargs rm(正确答案)
C、find . -name "*.c" | xargs rm
D、以上都不正确
3、进程间通讯方式有哪些?(15分)
A、管道(正确答案)
B、消息队列(正确答案)
C、共享内存(正确答案)
D、文件和记录锁定(正确答案)
4、下面有关bash配置文件,说法正确的是?(15分)
A、.bash_logout:退出shell时,要执行的命令(正确答案)
B、.bash_profile:每个用户都可使用该文件输入专用于自己使用的shell信息,当用户登录时,该文件仅仅执行一次!默认情况下(正确答案)
C、/etc/bash.bashrc 该文件包含专用于个人的bash shell的bash信息,当登录时以及每次打开新的shell时,该文件被读取
D、/etc/profile:此文件为系统的每个用户设置环境信息,当用户第一次登录时,该文件被执行(正确答案)
5、将文件file1复制为file2可以用下面哪些命令(15分)
A、cp file1 file2(正确答案)
B、cat file1 >file2(正确答案)
C、cat < file1 >file2(正确答案)
D、dd if=file1 of=file2(正确答案)
6、Docker中Cgroup的功能是什么?(15分)
A、资源限制(正确答案)
B、优先级分配(正确答案)
C、资源统计(正确答案)
D、任务控制(正确答案)
7、下列有关Nginx配置文件nginx.conf的叙述正确的是(15分)
A、nginx进程数设置为CPU总核心数最佳(正确答案)
B、虚拟主机配置多个域名时,各域名间应用逗号隔开
C、sendfile on;表示为开启高效文件传输模式,对于执行下载操作等相关应用时,应设置为on
D、设置工作模式与连接数上限时,应考虑单个进程最大连接数(最大连接数=连接数*进程数)(正确答案)
8、下面有关Ext2和ext3文件系统的描述,错误的是?(15分)
A、ext2/ext3文件系统使用索引节点来记录文件信息,包含了一个文件的长度、创建及修改时间、权限、所属关系、磁盘中的位置等信息(正确答案)
B、ext3增加了日志功能,即使在非正常关机后,系统也不需要检查文件系统
C、ext3文件系统能够极大地提高文件系统的完整性,避免了意外宕机对文件系统的破坏
D、ext3支持 1EB 的文件系统,以及 16TB 的文件。(正确答案)
9、Linux系统上,下面哪些文件是与用户管理相关的配置文件(15分)
A、/etc/passwd(正确答案)
B、/etc/shadow(正确答案)
C、/etc/group(正确答案)
D、/etc/password
10、在Linux系统,关于硬链接的描述正确的是(15分)
A、跨文件系统
B、不可以跨文件系统(正确答案)
C、为链接文件创建新的i节点
D、链接文件的i节点与被链接文件的i节点相同(正确答案)
11、linux 创建文件的命令有(15分)
A、ls
B、touch(正确答案)
C、cat
D、vi/vim(正确答案)
12、进程间通讯方式有哪些?(15分)
A、管道(正确答案)
B、消息队列(正确答案)
C、共享内存(正确答案)
D、文件和记录锁定(正确答案)
13、云服务器可用的镜像类型有哪几个?(15分)
A、公有镜像(正确答案)
B、自定义镜像(正确答案)
C、服务市场镜像(正确答案)
D、个人镜像
14、包年包月的云主机和按需付费的不同之处在于?(15分)
A、按需付费的云主机稳定性更好
B、包年包月的云主机费用单价更低(正确答案)
C、包年包月的云主机在到期后会进入回收站一段时间,避免数据损失(正确答案)
D、以上皆无
15、以下关于云主机的磁盘部分,描述正确的是?(15分)
A、当数据盘、系统盘为本地盘时,硬件配置(CPU,内存)不可升降(正确答案)
B、当数据盘、系统盘为云硬盘时,提供硬件配置(CPU,内存)调整功能(正确答案)
C、无论如何,配置不允许调整,因为有损失数据的风险
D、以上皆无
16、创建云主机时,可以购买的网络带宽有哪几个计费标准?(15分)
A、按使用流量计费(正确答案)
B、按带宽计费(正确答案)
C、按时长计费
D、以上皆无
17、在AWS中,哪些安全方面是客户的责任?(15分)
A、安全组和ACL(访问控制列表)设置(正确答案)
B、退役存储设备
C、EC2实例操作系统上的补丁管理(正确答案)
D、IAM凭证的生命周期管理(正确答案)
18、以下哪项是Amazon VPC子网的特征?(15分)
A、每个子网跨越至少2个可用区,以提高高可用性环境
B、每个子网映射到单个可用区(正确答案)
C、/25的CIDR块掩码是支持的最小范围
D、默认情况下,所有子网都可以相互路由,无论它们是私有还是公共(正确答案)
19、UNIX系统由哪几部分组成?(15分)
A、Kernel(内核)(正确答案)
B、Shell(外壳)(正确答案)
C、工具及应用程序(正确答案)
D、虚拟机
20、Neutron服务包括下面哪些组件。(15分)
A、neutron-server(正确答案)
B、neutron-agent
C、OpenStack网络插件和代理(正确答案)
D、消息队列(正确答案)
实操题:
1、网络管理(70分)
在eNSP中使用S5700交换机进行配置,通过一条命令划分vlan 2、vlan 3、vlan 1004,通过端口组的方式配置端口1-5为access模式,并添加至vlan2中。配置端口10为trunk模式,并放行vlan3。创建三层vlan 2,配置IP地址为:172.16.2.1/24,创建三层vlan1004,配置IP地址为:192.168.4.2/30。通过命令添加默认路由,下一跳为192.168.4.1。(使用完整命令)
- [Huawei]vlan batch 2 3 1004
-
- [Huawei]port-group 1
- [Huawei-port-group-1]group-member GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 to GigabitEthernet 0/0/5
- [Huawei-port-group-1]port link-type access
- [Huawei-port-group-1]port default vlan 2
-
- [Huawei]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10
- [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port link-type trunk
- [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port trunk allow-pass vlan 3
-
- [Huawei]interface Vlanif 2
- [Huawei-Vlanif2]ip address 172.16.2.1 24
-
- [Huawei]interface Vlanif 1004
- [Huawei-Vlanif1004]ip address 192.168.4.2 30
-
- [Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.4.1
2、yum源管理(60分)
当前有一个centos7.2-1511.iso的镜像文件,使用这个文件配置yum源,要求将这个镜像文件挂载在/opt/centos目录。还存在一个ftp源,IP地址为192.168.100.200,ftp共享的目录为/opt,/opt目录中存在一个iaas目录(该目录下存在一个repodata目录)请问如何配置自己的local.repo文件,使得可以使用这两个地方的软件包,安装软件。请将local.repo文件的内容以文本形式提交到答题框。
- [root@xserver1 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
-
- [centos]
- name=centos
- baseurl=file:///opt/centos
- enabled=1
- gpgcheck=0
-
- [iaas]
- name=iaas
- baseurl=ftp://192.168.100.200/iaas
- enabled=1
- gpgcheck=0
3、数据库管理(70分)
使用VMWare创建两台centos7系统的虚拟机,安装数据库服务,并将两台数据库配置为主从数据库模式(master和slave)。配置完成后,在从节点,执行show status slave\G查看从节点的复制状态。将查看从节点服务状态的返回结果以文本形式提交到答题框。(数据库用户名root,密码000000;关于数据库的命令均使用小写)
- Xserver1:
- [root@xserver1 ~]# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server
-
- [root@xserver1 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
- 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
- ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
- 192.168.200.30 xserver1
- 192.168.200.40 xserver2
-
- [root@xserver1 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
- [root@xserver1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation
- /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found
-
- NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
- SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
-
- In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
- password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
- you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
- so you should just press enter here.
- Enter current password for root (enter for none):
- OK, successfully used password, moving on...
- Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
- root user without the proper authorisation.
- Set root password? [Y/n] y
- New password:
- Re-enter new password:
- Password updated successfully!
- Reloading privilege tables..
- ... Success!
- By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
- to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
- them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
- go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
- production environment.
- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
- ... Success!
- Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
- ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
- ... skipping.
- By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
- access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
- before moving into a production environment.
- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- - Dropping test database...
- ... Success!
- - Removing privileges on test database...
- ... Success!
- Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
- will take effect immediately.
- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
- ... Success!
- Cleaning up...
- All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
- installation should now be secure.
-
- Thanks for using MariaDB!
-
- [root@xserver1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
- [mysqld]
- datadir=/var/lib/mysql
- socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
- # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
- symbolic-links=0
- # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
- # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
- # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
- # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
- log_bin = mysql-bin
- binlog_ignore_db = mysql
- server_id = 30
-
- [mysqld_safe]
- log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
- pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
-
- #
- # include all files from the config directory
- #
- !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
-
- [root@xserver2 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
- [root@xserver1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p000000
- Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MariaDB connection id is 9
- Server version: 5.5.44-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
-
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
-
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
-
- MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '000000';
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
-
- MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'user'@'xserver2' identified by '000000';
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
-
-
- Xserver2:
- [root@xserver2 ~]# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server
-
- [root@xserver2 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
- 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
- ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
- 192.168.200.30 xserver1
- 192.168.200.40 xserver2
-
- [root@xserver2 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
- [root@xserver2 ~]# mysql_secure_installation
- /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found
-
- NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
- SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
-
- In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
- password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
- you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
- so you should just press enter here.
- Enter current password for root (enter for none):
- OK, successfully used password, moving on...
- Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
- root user without the proper authorisation.
- Set root password? [Y/n] y
- New password:
- Re-enter new password:
- Password updated successfully!
- Reloading privilege tables..
- ... Success!
- By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
- to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
- them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
- go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
- production environment.
- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
- ... Success!
- Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
- ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
- ... skipping.
- By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
- access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
- before moving into a production environment.
- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- - Dropping test database...
- ... Success!
- - Removing privileges on test database...
- ... Success!
- Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
- will take effect immediately.
- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
- ... Success!
- Cleaning up...
- All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
- installation should now be secure.
-
- Thanks for using MariaDB!
-
- [root@xserver2 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
- [root@xserver2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
- [mysqld]
- datadir=/var/lib/mysql
- socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
- # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
- symbolic-links=0
- # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
- # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
- # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
- # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
- log_bin = mysql-bin
- binlog_ignore_db = mysql
- server_id = 40
-
- [mysqld_safe]
- log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
- pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
-
- #
- # include all files from the config directory
- #
- !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
-
- [root@xserver2 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
- [root@xserver2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p000000
- MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='xserver1',master_user='user',master_password='000000';
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
-
- MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
-
- MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
- Master_Host: xserver1
- Master_User: user
- Master_Port: 3306
- Connect_Retry: 60
- Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
- Read_Master_Log_Pos: 606
- Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
- Relay_Log_Pos: 890
- Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
- Slave_IO_Running: Yes
- Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
- Replicate_Do_DB:
- Replicate_Ignore_DB:
- Replicate_Do_Table:
- Replicate_Ignore_Table:
- Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
- Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
- Last_Errno: 0
- Last_Error:
- Skip_Counter: 0
- Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 606
- Relay_Log_Space: 1186
- Until_Condition: None
- Until_Log_File:
- Until_Log_Pos: 0
- Master_SSL_Allowed: No
- Master_SSL_CA_File:
- Master_SSL_CA_Path:
- Master_SSL_Cert:
- Master_SSL_Cipher:
- Master_SSL_Key:
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
- Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
- Last_IO_Errno: 0
- Last_IO_Error:
- Last_SQL_Errno: 0
- Last_SQL_Error:
- Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
- Master_Server_Id: 30
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4、Linux存储LVM管理(60分)
使用VMware软件和提供的CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso创建虚拟机,自行配置好网络并多添加一块大小为20G的硬盘,使用fdisk命令对该硬盘进形分区,要求分出三个大小为5G的分区。使用这三个分区,创建名xcloudvg的卷组。然后创建名xcloudlv的逻辑卷,大小为12G,最后用xfs文件系统对逻辑卷进行格式化并挂载到/mnt目录下。将上述所有操作命令和返回结果以文本形式提交到答题框。
- [root@xserver1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
- Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
-
- Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
- Be careful before using the write command.
-
- Device does not contain a recognized partition table
- Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xd41e2ca5.
-
- Command (m for help): n
- Partition type:
- p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
- e extended
- Select (default p): p
- Partition number (1-4, default 1):
- First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
- Using default value 2048
- Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +5G
- Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set
-
- Command (m for help): n
- Partition type:
- p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
- e extended
- Select (default p):
- Using default response p
- Partition number (2-4, default 2):
- First sector (10487808-41943039, default 10487808):
- Using default value 10487808
- Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (10487808-41943039, default 41943039): +5G
- Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set
-
- Command (m for help): n
- Partition type:
- p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
- e extended
- Select (default p):
- Using default response p
- Partition number (3,4, default 3):
- First sector (20973568-41943039, default 20973568):
- Using default value 20973568
- Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-41943039, default 41943039): +5G
- Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set
-
- Command (m for help): w
- The partition table has been altered!
-
- Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
- Syncing disks.
-
- [root@xserver1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb[1-3]
- Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
- Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created
- Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created
-
- [root@xserver1 ~]# vgcreate xcloudvg /dev/sdb[1-3]
- Volume group "xcloudvg" successfully created
-
- [root@xserver1 ~]# lvcreate -L +12G -n xcloudlv xcloudvg
- Logical volume "xcloudlv" created.
-
- [root@xserver1 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/xcloudvg-xcloudlv
- meta-data=/dev/mapper/xcloudvg-xcloudlv isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=786432 blks
- = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
- = crc=0 finobt=0
- data = bsize=4096 blocks=3145728, imaxpct=25
- = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
- naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
- log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
- = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
- realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
-
- [root@xserver1 ~]# mount /dev/mapper/xcloudvg-xcloudlv /mnt/
5、openstack管理(80分)
使用VMWare创建两台CentOS7.2的操作系统,自行配置网络与IP,使用提供的软件包,安装OpenStack平台。安装完成后,使用curl命令查询http://192.168.100.10/dashboard/auth/login/。将curl命令的查询结果以文本形式提交到答题框。
- 准备工作:
- 创建两台CentOS7的系统,添加两块网卡(仅主机和net8),磁盘给个100就行了,一台controller节点仅主机地址:192.168.100.10,net8地址:192.168.200.10
- compute节点仅主机地址:192.168.100.20,net8地址:192.168.200.20
-
- controller和compute:
- 设置controller主机名:
- [root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname controller
- 生效主机名:
- [root@localhost ~]# bash
-
- 设置compute主机名:
- [root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname compute
- 生效主机名:
- [root@localhost ~]# bash
-
-
- 设置域名解析配置/etc/hosts文件添加两行内容(controller)
- [root@controller ~]# vi /etc/hosts
- 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
- ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
- 192.168.100.10 controller
- 192.168.100.20 compute
-
- 设置域名解析配置/etc/hosts文件添加两行内容(compute)
- [root@compute ~]# vi /etc/hosts
- 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
- ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
- 192.168.100.10 controller
- 192.168.100.20 compute
-
-
-
- controller:
- controller节点作为本地yum源在/etc/yum.repos.d/创建localhost.repo源文件,删除原来源
- [root@controller ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
- [root@controller ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
- [centos]
- name=centos
- baseurl=file:///opt/centos
- gpgcheck=0
- enabled=1
- [iaas]
- name=iaas
- baseurl=file:///opt/iaas-repo
- gpgcheck=0
- enabled=1
-
- 挂载镜像到指定创建的目录
- [root@controller ~]# mkdir /opt/{centos,iaas}
- [root@controller ~]# mount -o loop CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso /opt/centos
- mount: /dev/loop1 is write-protected, mounting read-only
- [root@controller ~]# mount -o loop XianDian-IaaS-v2.2.iso /opt/iaas
- mount: /dev/loop2 is write-protected, mounting read-only
-
- 安装vsftpd服务配置vsftpd文件/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf添加anon_root=/opt,并重启服务
- [root@controller ~]# yum install -y vsftpd
- [root@controller ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
- anon_root=/opt
- [root@controller ~]# systemctl restart vsftpd
- [root@controller ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
- Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
-
- 关闭防火墙与配置/etc/selinux/conf设置为SELINUX=disabled
- [root@controller ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
- [root@controller ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
- [root@controller ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
- # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
- # SELINUX=permissive
- # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
- # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
- # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
- SELINUX=disabled
- # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
- # targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
- # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
- # mls - Multi Level Security protection.
- SELINUXTYPE=targeted
-
- 在controller节点配置就行了
- 先安装脚本文件,然后编辑环境变量文件/etc/xiandian/openrc.sh
- [root@controller ~]# yum install -y iaas-xiandian
- [root@controller ~]# vim /etc/xiandian/openrc.sh
- ##--------------------system Config--------------------##
- ##Controller Server Manager IP. example:x.x.x.x
- HOST_IP=192.168.100.10 #controller节点IP
-
- ##Controller Server hostname. example:controller
- HOST_NAME=controller #controller节点主机名
-
- ##Compute Node Manager IP. example:x.x.x.x
- HOST_IP_NODE=192.168.100.20 #compute节点IP
-
- ##Compute Node hostname. example:compute
- HOST_NAME_NODE=compute #compute节点主机名
-
- ##--------------------Rabbit Config ------------------##
- ##user for rabbit. example:openstack
- RABBIT_USER=openstack #rabbit用户名字
-
- ##Password for rabbit user .example:000000
- RABBIT_PASS=000000 #rabbit用户的密码
-
- ##--------------------MySQL Config---------------------##
- ##Password for MySQL root user . exmaple:000000
- DB_PASS=000000 #数据库root用户密码
-
- ##--------------------Keystone Config------------------##
- ##Password for Keystore admin user. exmaple:000000
- DOMAIN_NAME=demo #域名字
- ADMIN_PASS=000000 #keystone中admin用户密码
- DEMO_PASS=000000 #域的密码
-
- ##Password for Mysql keystore user. exmaple:000000
- KEYSTONE_DBPASS=000000 #数据库中keystone的密码
-
- ##--------------------Glance Config--------------------##
- ##Password for Mysql glance user. exmaple:000000
- GLANCE_DBPASS=000000 #数据库中glance的密码
-
- ##Password for Keystore glance user. exmaple:000000
- GLANCE_PASS=000000 #keystone中glance用户密码
-
- ##--------------------Nova Config----------------------##
- ##Password for Mysql nova user. exmaple:000000
- NOVA_DBPASS=000000 #数据库中nova的密码
-
- ##Password for Keystore nova user. exmaple:000000
- NOVA_PASS=000000 #keystone中nova用户密码
-
- ##--------------------Neturon Config-------------------##
- ##Password for Mysql neutron user. exmaple:000000
- NEUTRON_DBPASS=000000 #数据库中neutron的密码
-
- ##Password for Keystore neutron user. exmaple:000000
- NEUTRON_PASS=000000 #keystone中neutron用户密码
-
- ##metadata secret for neutron. exmaple:000000
- METADATA_SECRET=000000 #元数据密码
-
- ##External Network Interface. example:eth1
- INTERFACE_NAME=eno33554960 #外部网卡nat(net8)名称
-
- ##First Vlan ID in VLAN RANGE for VLAN Network. exmaple:101
- minvlan=101 #虚拟局域网第一个RANGE模式ID
-
- ##Last Vlan ID in VLAN RANGE for VLAN Network. example:200
- maxvlan=200 #虚拟局域网最后一个RANGE模式ID
-
- ##--------------------Cinder Config--------------------##
- ##Password for Mysql cinder user. exmaple:000000
- CINDER_DBPASS=000000 #数据库中cinder的密码
-
- ##Password for Keystore cinder user. exmaple:000000
- CINDER_PASS=000000 #keystone中cinder用户密码
-
- ##Cinder Block Disk. example:md126p3
- BLOCK_DISK=sdb #空白的分区名称(未使用的硬盘)
-
- ##--------------------Trove Config--------------------##
- ##Password for Mysql Trove User. exmaple:000000
- TROVE_DBPASS=000000 #数据库中Trove的密码
-
- ##Password for Keystore Trove User. exmaple:000000
- TROVE_PASS=000000 #keystone中Trove用户密码
-
- ##--------------------Swift Config---------------------##
- ##Password for Keystore swift user. exmaple:000000
- SWIFT_PASS=000000 #keystone中swift用户密码
-
- ##The NODE Object Disk for Swift. example:md126p4.
- OBJECT_DISK=sdc #空白的分区名称(未使用的硬盘)
-
- ##The NODE IP for Swift Storage Network. example:x.x.x.x.
- STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP=192.168.100.10 #swift节点IP
-
- ##--------------------Heat Config----------------------##
- ##Password for Mysql heat user. exmaple:000000
- HEAT_DBPASS=000000 #数据库中heat的密码
-
- ##Password for Keystore heat user. exmaple:000000
- HEAT_PASS=000000 #keystone中heat用户密码
-
- ##--------------------Ceilometer Config----------------##
- ##Password for Mysql ceilometer user. exmaple:000000
- CEILOMETER_DBPASS=000000 #数据库中ceilometer的密码
-
- ##Password for Keystore ceilometer user. exmaple:000000
- CEILOMETER_PASS=000000 #keystone中ceilometer用户密码
-
- ##--------------------AODH Config----------------##
- ##Password for Mysql AODH user. exmaple:000000
- AODH_DBPASS=000000 #数据库中AODH的密码
-
- ##Password for Keystore AODH user. exmaple:000000
- AODH_PASS=000000 #keystone中AODH用户密码
-
- # 将已经配置好的环境变量文件传输到compute节点这样就不用在配置一次了
- [root@controller ~]# scp /etc/xiandian/openrc.sh 192.168.200.20:/etc/xiandian/
- The authenticity of host '192.168.200.20 (192.168.200.20)' can't be established.
- ECDSA key fingerprint is 6e:45:7c:82:2c:6c:84:af:7e:16:72:51:e6:fd:af:a9.
- Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
- Warning: Permanently added '192.168.200.20' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
- root@192.168.200.20's password: #这里密码的compute节点的登录密码
- openrc.sh
-
- 执行脚本(顺序别乱了)
- [root@controller ~]# iaas-pre-host.sh #该脚本意思是配置准备环境
- # 执行上面第一个脚本后重启centos系统
-
- [root@controller ~]# iaas-install-mysql.sh #安装并配置mysql数据库服务
- [root@controller ~]# iaas-install-keystone.sh #安装并配置keystone认证服务
- [root@controller ~]# iaas-install-glance.sh #安装并配置glance镜像服务
- [root@controller ~]# iaas-install-nova-controller.sh #安装并配置nova计算服务
- [root@controller ~]# iaas-install-neutron-controller.sh #安装并配置neutron网络服务
- [root@controller ~]# iaas-install-neutron-controller-gre.sh #安装neutron的一种网络模式
- [root@controller ~]# iaas-install-cinder-controller.sh #安装并配置cinder快存储服务
- [root@controller ~]# iaas-install-swift-controller.sh #安装并配置swift对象存储服务
-
- [root@controller ~]# iaas-install-dashboard.sh #安装并配置dashboard仪表盘
-
-
-
- compute:
- 配置ftp源
- [root@compute ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
- [root@compute ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
- [centos]
- name=centos
- baseurl=ftp://192.168.100.10/centos
- gpgcheck=0
- enabled=1
- [iaas]
- name=iaas
- baseurl=ftp://192.168.100.10/iaas/iaas-repo
- gpgcheck=0
- enabled=1
- 关闭防火墙与配置/etc/selinux/conf设置为SELINUX=disabled
- [root@compute ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
- [root@compute ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
- [root@compute ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
- # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
- # SELINUX=permissive
- # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
- # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
- # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
- SELINUX=disabled
- # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
- # targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
- # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
- # mls - Multi Level Security protection.
- SELINUXTYPE=targeted
-
- 执行脚本(顺序别乱了)
- [root@compute~]# iaas-pre-host.sh #该脚本意思是配置准备环境
- # 执行上面第一个脚本后重启centos系统
-
- [root@compute~]# iaas-install-nova-compute.sh #安装并配置nova计算服务
- [root@compute~]# iaas-install-neutron-compute.sh #安装并配置neutron网络服务
- [root@compute~]# iaas-install-neutron-compute-gre.sh #安装neutron的一种网络模式
- [root@compute~]# iaas-install-cinder-compute.sh #安装并配置cinder快存储服务
- [root@compute~]# iaas-install-swift-compute.sh #安装并配置swift对象存储服务
-
- 到这里OpenStack脚本部署完成
-
- (以下命令和结果是提交答案)
- [root@controller ~]# curl http://192.168.100.10/dashboard/auth/login/
6、Docker管理(80分)
假设当前存在docker镜像mysql:latest,将该镜像上传至本地,然后将该镜像推送至本地仓库(假设仓库地址为192.168.100.100:5000),从私有仓库中拉取mariadb:v10.3.18镜像。运行mysql镜像,要求将内部3306端口映射到外部的13306端口,提供交互接口,后台运行,容器名为xmysql。最后将mysql镜像和创建的容器删除。依次提交操作命令。
- [root@master ~]# docker load -i ./images/mysql:latest
- [root@master ~]# docker tag mysql:latest 192.168.100.100:5000/mysql:latest
- [root@master ~]# docker push 192.168.100.100:5000/mysql:latest
- [root@master ~]# docker pull 192.168.100.100:5000/mariadb:v10.3.18
- [root@master ~]# docker run -p 13306:3306 -it -d --name xmysql mysql:latest
- a80bc41e564a4377755fcc13cd9b06abc954839b1203fce8614133578b9b2939
- [root@master ~]# docker rmi 192.168.100.100:5000/mysql:latest
- [root@master ~]# docker rm -f xmysql
7、WordPress应用系统(80分)
使用提供的软件包和vmware提供的centos7.2操作系统,完成LNMP+WordPress部署。部署完成后,进行登录,最后提交WordPress首页和后台管理界面。(设置WordPress名称为自己的姓名+BLOG,例如张三,则WordPress首页显示张三BLOG,答案的截图需体现这点)
# lnmp+wordpress实验只在xserver1上一台虚拟机做即可
- 1、关闭防火墙和selinux
- [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
- [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
-
- 2、配置yum源
- [root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
- [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/centos
- [root@localhost ~]# mount -o loop CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso /opt/centos/
- mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
- [root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
- [centos]
- name=centos
- baseurl=file:///opt/centos
- enabled=1
- gpgcheck=0
- [lnmp]
- name=lnmp
- baseurl=file:///root/lnmp
- enabled=1
- gpgcheck=0
-
- [root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
-
- 3、安装nginx,配置nginx,重启nginx
- [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y nginx
- [root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
- location / {
- root /usr/share/nginx/html;
- index index.html index.htm index.php; # 在"location /"的index后加index.php
- }
-
- ......
- # 把location ~ \.php$ 那几行#注释删除,fastcgi_param那行$符号前面改为/usr/share/nginx/html
- location ~ \.php$ {
- root html;
- fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
- fastcgi_index index.php;
- fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/share/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
- include fastcgi_params;
- }
-
- [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx
-
- 4、安装mariadb数据库并配置
- [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y mariadb maraidb-server
- [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
- [root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation # 初始化数据库
- [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p000000
- MariaDB [(none)]> create database lnmp;
- MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '000000' ;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
-
- 5、安装php并配置
- [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y php-fpm php-mysql
- [root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
- ...... # 找到user= 和 group= , 把它们改成user=nginx,group=nginx
-
- user = nginx
- group = nginx
-
- [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart php-fpm
-
- 6、配置wordpress
- [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y unzip
- [root@localhost ~]# unzip wordpress-4.7.3-zh_CN.zip
- [root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/*
- [root@localhost ~]# cp -rvf wordpress/* /usr/share/nginx/html/
- [root@localhost ~]# chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/share/nginx/html/
- [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
- [root@localhost html]# vi wp-config.php
- // ** MySQL 设置 - 具体信息来自您正在使用的主机 ** //
- /** WordPress数据库的名称 */
- define('DB_NAME', 'lnmp'); # 数据库名称改为lnmp(上面配置mariadb时创建的数据库)
-
- /** MySQL数据库用户名 */
- define('DB_USER', 'root'); # 数据库用户名改为root
-
- /** MySQL数据库密码 */
- define('DB_PASSWORD', '000000'); # 数据库密码改为上面初始化数据库时候配置的密码
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- 7、然后打开浏览器访问你的 IP 地址,配置题目要求的站点标题,配置完成
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