Docker(三)----Dockerfile搭建Nginx环境与文件挂载_dockerfile nginx 挂载

作者：weixin_40725706 | 2024-03-06 05:22:00

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dockerfile nginx 挂载

1.Dockerfile文件


# This my first nginx Dockerfile
# Version 1.0
 
# Base images 基础镜像
FROM centos:centos7
 
#MAINTAINER 维护者信息
MAINTAINER fendo 2312892206@qq.com
 
#ADD  获取url中的文件,放在当前目录下
ADD http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz .
 
#RUN 执行以下命令 
RUN yum install -y pcre-devel wget net-tools gcc zlib zlib-devel make openssl-devel
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
RUN tar -zxvf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx
RUN cd nginx-1.14.0 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
RUN ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/
 
#EXPOSE 映射端口
EXPOSE 80
 
#CMD 运行以下命令
CMD ["nginx"]

2、执行构建镜像命令

[root@swarm01 docker]# docker build --rm --tag centos_nginx:centos7 .

3、查看镜像是否安装构建成功

[root@swarm01 docker]# docker images

4、启动容器

可以通过以下两种方式启动容器:


不挂载文件:
docker run -i -t -d -p 192.168.182.110:80:80 centos_nginx /bin/bash
 
挂载文件:
docker run \
--name centos_nginx \
-d -p 80:80 \
-v /home/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
-v /home/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx \
-v /home/nginx/nginx.conf:/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf:ro \
-v /home/nginx/conf.d:/usr/local/nginx/conf.d \
nginx

注意:

(1)第一个"-v",是项目位置,把项目放到挂载到的目录下即可；
(2)第二个"-v",是挂载的主配置文件"nginx.conf",注意"nginx.conf"文件内有一行"include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;"，这个include指向了子配置文件的路径，此处注意include后所跟的路径一定不要出错。
(3)第三个"-v",把docker内子配置文件的路径也挂载了出来,注意要与(2)中include指向路径一致

(4)重点强调一下,nginx.conf是挂载了一个文件(docker是不推荐这样用的),conf.d挂载的是一个目录

启动成功之后如下:

5.在系统中创建Nginx配置文件

通过上面的命令启动之后，会在/home/nginx目录下多出以下文件

这些文件就是与Docker容器共享的配置文件，在nginx.conf目录下创建Nginx配置文件nginx.conf,内容如下:


user  root;  
worker_processes  1;  
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;  
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;  
  
events {  
    worker_connections  1024;  
}  
  
http {  
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;  
    default_type  application/octet-stream;  
  
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '  
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '  
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';  
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;  
  
    sendfile        on;  
    #tcp_nopush     on;  
  
    keepalive_timeout  65;  
    autoindex  on;  
    #gzip  on;  
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;  
    client_max_body_size 100M;  
    client_header_buffer_size    128k;  
    large_client_header_buffers  4  128k;  
}

然后在conf.d目录下创建default.conf文件，内容如下:


server {  
    listen       80;  
    server_name  localhost;  
  
    #charset koi8-r;  
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log  main;  
  
    location / {  
        root   /home/nginx/html/fendo;  
        index  index.html index.htm;  
        autoindex  on;  
        try_files $uri /index/index/page.html;  
        #try_files $uri /index/map/page.html;  
    }  
  
    #error_page  404              /404.html;  
  
    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html  
    #  
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;  
    location = /50x.html {  
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;  
    }  
  
    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80  
    #  
    #location ~ \.php$ {  
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;  
    #}  
  
    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000  
    #  
    #location ~ \.php$ {  
    #    root           html;  
    #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;  
    #    fastcgi_index  index.php;  
    #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;  
    #    include        fastcgi_params;  
    #}  
  
    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root  
    # concurs with nginx's one  
    #  
    #location ~ /\.ht {  
    #    deny  all;  
    #}  
}

然后在/home/nginx/fendo目录下创建Index.html文件,内容为:


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx! This is a demo!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>*********************************** Welcome to nginx! Fendo ***********************************</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
 
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
 
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

修改好之后，重启下Nginx


[root@swarm01 conf.d]# docker restart centos_nginx
centos_nginx

6.测试Nginx

访问http://192.168.182.110/fendo/效果如下:

7.一些错误

7.1、访问 curl http://192.168.182.110/fendo/出现拒绝连接,解决方法就是进入容器 docker exec -i -t centos_nginx /bin/sh接着在容器里面执行（直接输入即可）nginx 启动Nginx。

7.2、如过挂载Nginx文件时报错，基本就是路径的问题。

unknown: Are you trying to mount a directory onto a file (or vice-versa)? Check if the specified host path exists and is the expected type

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