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SpringCloudGateWay+SpringCloudAlibabaNacos讲解_引入spring-cloud-starter-gateway时必需要加nacos依赖吗

作者：weixin_40725706 | 2024-03-24 09:44:51

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引入spring-cloud-starter-gateway时必需要加nacos依赖吗

SpringCloud官方地址 Spring Cloud

源码地址：https://gitee.com/datadogapache/dashboard/projects

一.添加Nacos依赖:

  

  1.         <dependency>
  2.             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  3.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
  4.             <version>0.2.2.RELEASE</version>
  5.         </dependency>
  6.         <dependency>
  7.             <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
  8.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
  9.             <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
  10.         </dependency>

二.添加GateWay依赖：

  1.            <dependency>
  2.                  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  3.                  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
  4.                    <exclusions>
  5.                       <exclusion>
  6.                           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  7.                           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  8.                       </exclusion>
  9.                       <exclusion>
  10.                           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  11.                           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
  12.                       </exclusion>
  13.                    </exclusions>
  14.             </dependency>

注意：坑！坑！坑！

springcloudgateway的底层实现是基于webflux,而webflux和传统的webmvc冲突，所以当项目中存在spring-boot-starter-web依赖时，需排除webmvc，且在spring-cloud-starter-gateway依赖中排除spring-boot-starter-web和spring-boot-starter-webflux，单独引入spring-boot-starter-webflux依赖替代webmvc，pom.xml中完整的依赖如下：

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  3.          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  4.     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  5.     <parent>
  6.         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  7.         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
  8.         <version>2.3.3.RELEASE</version>
  9.         <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  10.     </parent>
  11.     <groupId>com.example</groupId>
  12.     <artifactId>springcloudgateway</artifactId>
  13.     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  14.     <name>springcloudgateway</name>
  15.     <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
  16.     <properties>
  17.         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  18.         <spring.cloud.version>Hoxton.RELEASE</spring.cloud.version>
  19.     </properties>
  20.     <dependencies>
  21.         <dependency>
  22.             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  23.             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  24.             <exclusions>
  25.                 <exclusion>
  26.                     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  27.                     <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
  28.                 </exclusion>
  29.                 <exclusion>
  30.                     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  31.                     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
  32.                 </exclusion>
  33.             </exclusions>
  34.         </dependency>
  35.         <dependency>
  36.             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  37.             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
  38.         </dependency>
  39. <!--        <dependency>
  40.             <groupId>io.projectreactor.netty</groupId>
  41.             <artifactId>reactor-netty</artifactId>
  42.             <version>0.9.2.RELEASE</version>
  43.         </dependency>-->
  44.         <dependency>
  45.             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  46.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
  47.             <version>0.2.2.RELEASE</version>
  48.         </dependency>
  49.         <dependency>
  50.             <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
  51.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
  52.             <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
  53.         </dependency>
  54.                  <dependency>
  55.                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  56.                     <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
  57.                      <exclusions>
  58.                          <exclusion>
  59.                              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  60.                              <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  61.                          </exclusion>
  62.                          <exclusion>
  63.                              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  64.                              <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
  65.                          </exclusion>
  66.                      </exclusions>
  67.                </dependency>
  68.         <dependency>
  69.             <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
  70.             <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
  71.             <optional>true</optional>
  72.         </dependency>
  73.         <dependency>
  74.             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  75.             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  76.             <scope>test</scope>
  77.         </dependency>
  78.     </dependencies>
  79. <dependencyManagement>
  80.     <dependencies>
  81.         <dependency>
  82.             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  83.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
  84.             <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
  85.             <type>pom</type>
  86.             <scope>import</scope>
  87.         </dependency>
  88.     </dependencies>
  89. </dependencyManagement>
  90.     <build>
  91.         <plugins>
  92.             <plugin>
  93.                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  94.                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  95.                 <configuration>
  96.                     <excludes>
  97.                         <exclude>
  98.                             <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
  99.                             <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
  100.                         </exclude>
  101.                     </excludes>
  102.                 </configuration>
  103.             </plugin>
  104.         </plugins>
  105.     </build>
  106. </project>

最后也是最重要的一点就是!!!

1.springboot的版本和springcloud的版本对应一定要一致，否者项目将报各种错误。spring官网中有其对应的版本，上面代码中spingboot的版本为2.3.3.RELEASE，springcloud的版本为Hoxton.RELEASE.

2.因为webflux基于netty，所以还需在spring-boot-starter-web中排除tomcat依赖：

  1.         <dependency>
  2.             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  3.             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  4.             <exclusions>
  5.                 <exclusion>
  6.                     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  7.                     <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
  8.                 </exclusion>
  9.                 <exclusion>
  10.                     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  11.                     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
  12.                 </exclusion>
  13.             </exclusions>
  14.         </dependency>

三.配置bootstrap.yml

  1. spring:
  2.   application:
  3.     name: gateway
  4.   profiles:
  5.     active: dev
  6.   cloud:
  7.     nacos:
  8.       config:
  9.         server-addr: 192.168.91.1:8848
  10.         file-extension: yml
  11.       discovery:
  12.         server-addr: 192.168.91.1:8848
  13.     gateway:
  14.       httpclient:
  15.         connect-timeout: 3000
  16.         response-timeout: 10s
  17.       routes:
  18.         - id: test
  19.           uri: lb://gateway
  20.           predicates:
  21.             - Path=/345/123
  22.           filters:
  23.            - StripPrefix=1
  24.  
  25.

各字段含义如下：

id：我们自定义的路由 ID，保持唯一

uri：目标服务地址，lb为自定义nacos中的服务

predicates：路由条件，Predicate 接受一个输入参数，返回一个布尔值结果。该接口包含多种默认方法来将 Predicate 组合成其他复杂的逻辑（比如：与，或，非）。

filters:过滤器，有多种过滤条件，其中StripPrefix为跳过路径数。例如：访问localhost:8090/test/api/home,当StripPrefix=2时，/test/api被跳过，直接访问localhost:8090/home

上面这段配置的意思是，配置了一个 id 为test的URI代理规则，路由的规则为：

当访问地址http://localhost:80890/345/123时，

会路由到上游地址http://localhost:80890/123。

四.建立controller测试路径

  1. package com.example.springcloudgateway.controller;
  2.  
  3. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
  4. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
  5. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
  6. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
  7.  
  8. @RestController
  9. @CrossOrigin
  10. public class gatecontroller {
  11.     @RequestMapping(value = "/123",method = RequestMethod.GET)
  12.     public String tsetGate() {
  13.       return "welcome to my house!";
  14.     }
  15. }

浏览器中输入localhost:8090/345/123

 当输入localhost:8090/123时，由于网关没有断言（predicates）设置路由规则为真，即可直接访问

 完毕！后期还会更更多关于网关的知识点，特推荐一篇关于SpringCloud gateway的博文：SpringCloud gateway （史上最全） - 疯狂创客圈 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)

希望多多交流指正！

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