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本章主要是说一下yum和git的操作
目录
YUM是Yellowdog Updater Modified的简称,是杜克大学为了提高RPM软件包安装性而开发的一种软件包管理器。它可以从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装,可以自动处理依赖性关系,并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包,无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装,就像手机里面的应用商店。
YUM提供了查找、安装、删除某一个、一组甚至全部软件包的命令,而且命令简洁而又好记。YUM解决了依赖关系的问题,它可以自动下载软件包所依赖的其它软件包。
YUM软件仓库实际上是根据实际使用中的各种情形,在文件服务器或特定服务器上,将众多的RPM包按照一定合理的分类方式进行整合,同时保持着与官方发布一致性的更新。这样,当需要安装某个RPM包时,可以迅速地在软件仓库中找到并下载到本地进行安装。
总的来说,YUM是一个方便、快捷的软件包管理工具,能够自动处理软件包之间的依赖关系,极大地简化了软件安装的过程.
通过 yum list 命令可以罗列出当前一共有哪些软件包,如下方截图就是一部分查找到的软件包,因为太多了不好全部截图。
因为太多了,所以我们需要什么就可以利用管道配合grep进行查找软件,就是yum list | grep stl这行代码,测试如下方截图
ustl-devel.x86_64 2.8-1.el7 epel
如上方这行代码:软件包名称: 主版本号.次版本号.源程序发行号-软件包的发行号.主机平台.cpu架构."x86_64" 后缀表示64位系统的安装包, "i686" 后缀表示32位系统安装包. 选择包时要和系统匹配、"el7" 表示操作系统发行版的版本. "el7" 表示的是 centos7/redhat7. "el6" 表示 centos6/redhat6、最后一列, epel 表示的是 "软件源" 的名称, 类似于 "小米应用商店", "华为应用商店" 这样的概念.
通过 yum, 我们可以通过很简单的一条命令完成 gcc 的安装,yum 会自动找到都有哪些软件包需要下载, 这时候敲 "y" 确认安装,出现 "complete" 字样, 说明安装完成,如之前文章中安装tree的时候就是yum install -y tree就是下载树。
注意:
1、安装软件时由于需要向系统目录中写入内容, 一般需要 sudo 或者切到 root 账户下才能完成yum安装软件只能一个装完了再装另一个
2、 正在yum安装一个软件的过程中, 如果再尝试用yum安装另外一个软件, yum会报错,如果 yum 报错, 请自行百度,这里就不详细说了
如下方代码就是下载一个sl的开源应用,这个应用挺有意思是一个小火车跑过去,如下方视频
Linux小火车
sudo yum remove就是删除应用的指令,这里就是把上面那个小火车的删除演示,如下方截图,删除后再用就没有了。
这里就用国内的gitte进行演示了,如下方图片在浏览器内搜索gitte,这个就是官网,点进去注册登录,点击图二划红线的位置,然后如图三进行创建仓库然后点击创建。
如下方图一点击克隆然后如图二进行赋值第一个的https的链接,然后如下方代码所示,可以看到在进入test这个克隆的代码仓库就可以看出来在和gitte上面的仓库里面的东西一样,这就是克隆好了。
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos ~]$ ll
- total 4
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 462 Apr 11 20:03 test.c
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos ~]$ git clone https://gitee.com/three-thousand-luoshui/test.git
- Cloning into 'test'...
- remote: Enumerating objects: 6, done.
- remote: Counting objects: 100% (6/6), done.
- remote: Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done.
- remote: Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
- Unpacking objects: 100% (6/6), done.
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos ~]$ ll
- total 8
- drwxrwxr-x 3 ly1 ly1 4096 Apr 12 20:45 test
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 462 Apr 11 20:03 test.c
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos ~]$ ll -a
- total 52
- drwx------ 7 ly1 ly1 4096 Apr 12 20:45 .
- drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Apr 11 18:42 ..
- -rw------- 1 ly1 ly1 1606 Apr 12 20:45 .bash_history
- -rw-r--r-- 1 ly1 ly1 18 Apr 1 2020 .bash_logout
- -rw-r--r-- 1 ly1 ly1 193 Apr 1 2020 .bash_profile
- -rw-r--r-- 1 ly1 ly1 231 Apr 1 2020 .bashrc
- drwxrwxr-x 3 ly1 ly1 4096 Apr 11 19:04 .cache
- drwxrwxr-x 3 ly1 ly1 4096 Apr 11 19:04 .config
- drwxrw---- 3 ly1 ly1 4096 Apr 12 20:45 .pki
- drwxrwxr-x 3 ly1 ly1 4096 Apr 12 20:45 test
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 462 Apr 11 20:03 test.c
- drwxr-xr-x 2 ly1 ly1 4096 Apr 11 21:30 .vim
- -rw------- 1 ly1 ly1 2615 Apr 11 21:30 .viminfo
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos ~]$ cd test
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ ll -a
- total 28
- drwxrwxr-x 3 ly1 ly1 4096 Apr 12 20:45 .
- drwx------ 7 ly1 ly1 4096 Apr 12 20:45 ..
- drwxrwxr-x 8 ly1 ly1 4096 Apr 12 20:45 .git
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 270 Apr 12 20:45 .gitignore
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 643 Apr 12 20:45 LICENSE
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 841 Apr 12 20:45 README.en.md
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 930 Apr 12 20:45 README.md
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$
如下方代码所示,这里是创建了一个文件进行测试,测试的hello然后利用add提交,这是就会把这个文件提交到gitee上,也就相当于一个通知。
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ ll -a
- total 28
- drwxrwxr-x 3 ly1 ly1 4096 Apr 12 20:45 .
- drwx------ 7 ly1 ly1 4096 Apr 12 20:45 ..
- drwxrwxr-x 8 ly1 ly1 4096 Apr 12 20:45 .git
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 270 Apr 12 20:45 .gitignore
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 643 Apr 12 20:45 LICENSE
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 841 Apr 12 20:45 README.en.md
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 930 Apr 12 20:45 README.md
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ vim test.c
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ gcc -o hello test.c
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ ll
- total 28
- -rwxrwxr-x 1 ly1 ly1 8360 Apr 12 20:49 hello
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 643 Apr 12 20:45 LICENSE
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 841 Apr 12 20:45 README.en.md
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 930 Apr 12 20:45 README.md
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 70 Apr 12 20:48 test.c
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ ./hello
- Hello Word
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ git add test.c
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$
如下方带吗,我直接提交显示的是请告诉我你是谁,也就是他不知道我是谁,下面还给了两个代码,大概意思就是让我们用这个去更改邮箱和用户名,就是引号里面的,用户名就是个人主页这个@后面的,邮箱是自己填的。
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ git commit .
-
- *** Please tell me who you are.
-
- Run
-
- git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
- git config --global user.name "Your Name"
-
- to set your account's default identity.
- Omit --global to set the identity only in this repository.
- fatal: empty ident name (for <ly1@VM-24-9-centos.(none)>) not allowed
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$
然后在进行提交这两行代码,然后在进行提交就会出现下方第二个代码,这是说我在提交的时候没有进行备注说明,也就是下方第一个代码块第三句代码,.就是全部提交。
[ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ git config --global user.email "2552696329@qq.com"
[ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ git config --global user.name "three-thousand-luoshui"[ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ git commit .
- Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting
- # with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.
- # Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths...
- # On branch master
- # Changes to be committed:
- # (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
- #
- # new file: test.c
- #
- # Untracked files:
- # (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
- #
- # hello
这是如下方代码这样在git commit .后面加上-m然后引号,在引号内加上自己的提交信息,就提交上去了。
[ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ git commit . -m"这是一个测试"
[master 8d8920e] 这是一个测试
2 files changed, 6 insertions(+)
create mode 100755 hello
create mode 100644 test.c
[ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$
这是就需要push推送到gitee上的仓库,让两个仓库内容相同,如下方代码,就可以看到gitee上的仓库也提交成功了。
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ git push
- warning: push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in
- Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message
- and maintain the current behavior after the default changes, use:
-
- git config --global push.default matching
-
- To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:
-
- git config --global push.default simple
-
- See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further information.
- (the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode
- 'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)
-
- Username for 'https://gitee.com': 17719362786
- Password for 'https://17719362786@gitee.com':
- Counting objects: 5, done.
- Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
- Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
- Writing objects: 100% (4/4), 2.65 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
- Total 4 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
- remote: Powered by GITEE.COM [GNK-6.4]
- To https://gitee.com/three-thousand-luoshui/test.git
- e4ecb6d..8d8920e master -> master
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$
这个就是拉取,如上方代码在我有创建了一个文件进行测试,但是这次提交却不成功,这是因为啥?看他的报错意思就是两边代码不同步,这是就需要利用pull进行拉取同步。
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ vim test3.c
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ ll
- total 28
- -rwxrwxr-x 1 ly1 ly1 8360 Apr 12 20:49 hello
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 643 Apr 12 20:45 LICENSE
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 841 Apr 12 20:45 README.en.md
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 930 Apr 12 20:45 README.md
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 0 Apr 12 21:20 test3.c
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 70 Apr 12 20:48 test.c
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ git add.
- git: 'add.' is not a git command. See 'git --help'.
-
- Did you mean this?
- add
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ git add .
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ git commit . -m"test"
- [master cf21b89] test
- 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
- create mode 100644 test3.c
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ git push
- warning: push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in
- Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message
- and maintain the current behavior after the default changes, use:
-
- git config --global push.default matching
-
- To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:
-
- git config --global push.default simple
-
- See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further information.
- (the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode
- 'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)
-
- Username for 'https://gitee.com': 17719362786
- Password for 'https://17719362786@gitee.com':
- To https://gitee.com/three-thousand-luoshui/test.git
- ! [rejected] master -> master (fetch first)
- error: failed to push some refs to 'https://gitee.com/three-thousand-luoshui/test.git'
- hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do
- hint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing
- hint: to the same ref. You may want to first merge the remote changes (e.g.,
- hint: 'git pull') before pushing again.
- hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$
如下方代码就是先利用pull进行拉取让两边代码仓库同步,然后进行提交就可以了,如下方图片。
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ git pull
- remote: Enumerating objects: 4, done.
- remote: Counting objects: 100% (4/4), done.
- remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
- remote: Total 3 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
- Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
- From https://gitee.com/three-thousand-luoshui/test
- 8d8920e..3c04c04 master -> origin/master
- Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
- test2 | 0
- 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
- create mode 100644 test2
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ ll
- total 28
- -rwxrwxr-x 1 ly1 ly1 8360 Apr 12 20:49 hello
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 643 Apr 12 20:45 LICENSE
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 841 Apr 12 20:45 README.en.md
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 930 Apr 12 20:45 README.md
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 0 Apr 12 21:23 test2
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 0 Apr 12 21:20 test3.c
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 ly1 ly1 70 Apr 12 20:48 test.c
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$ git push
- warning: push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in
- Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message
- and maintain the current behavior after the default changes, use:
-
- git config --global push.default matching
-
- To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:
-
- git config --global push.default simple
-
- See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further information.
- (the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode
- 'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)
-
- Username for 'https://gitee.com': 17719362786
- Password for 'https://17719362786@gitee.com':
- Counting objects: 6, done.
- Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
- Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
- Writing objects: 100% (4/4), 501 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
- Total 4 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0)
- remote: Powered by GITEE.COM [GNK-6.4]
- To https://gitee.com/three-thousand-luoshui/test.git
- 3c04c04..8160868 master -> master
- [ly1@VM-24-9-centos test]$
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