基础备忘：C++编译期多态与运行期多态_编译器多态可以基于函数的重载解析

class Animal
{
public :
    virtual void shout() = 0;
};
class Dog :public Animal
{
public:
    virtual void shout(){ cout << "汪汪！"<<endl; }
};
class Cat :public Animal
{
public:
    virtual void shout(){ cout << "喵喵~"<<endl; }
};
class Bird : public Animal
{
public:
    virtual void shout(){ cout << "叽喳!"<<endl; }
};
 
int main()
{
    Animal * anim1 = new Dog;
    Animal * anim2 = new Cat;
    Animal * anim3 = new Bird;
     
   //藉由指针（或引用）调用的接口，在运行期确定指针（或引用）所指对象的真正类型，调用该类型对应的接口
    anim1->shout();
    anim2->shout();
    anim3->shout();
 
    //delete 对象
    ...
   return 0;
}

//我们有个动物园，里面有一堆动物
int main()
{
    vector<Animal*>anims;
 
    Animal * anim1 = new Dog;
    Animal * anim2 = new Cat;
    Animal * anim3 = new Bird;
    Animal * anim4 = new Dog;
    Animal * anim5 = new Cat;
    Animal * anim6 = new Bird;
 
    //处理异质类集合
    anims.push_back(anim1);
    anims.push_back(anim2);
    anims.push_back(anim3);
    anims.push_back(anim4);
    anims.push_back(anim5);
    anims.push_back(anim6);
 
    for (auto & i : anims)
    {
        i->shout();
    }
    //delete对象
    //...
    return 0;
}

 
class Animal
{
public :
    void shout() { cout << "发出动物的叫声" << endl; };
};
class Dog
{
public:
     void shout(){ cout << "汪汪！"<<endl; }
};
class Cat
{
public:
     void shout(){ cout << "喵喵~"<<endl; }
};
class Bird
{
public:
     void shout(){ cout << "叽喳!"<<endl; }
};
template <typename T>
void  animalShout(T & t)
{
    t.shout();
}
int main()
{
    Animal anim;
    Dog dog;
    Cat cat;
    Bird bird;
 
    animalShout(anim);
    animalShout(dog);
    animalShout(cat);
    animalShout(bird);
 
    getchar();
}

void AnimalShot(Animal & anim)
{
    anim.shout();
}

template <typename T>
void AnimalShot(T & anim)
{
    anim.shout();
}