Linux下Git版本管理工具使用及远程仓库操作_remote: enumerating objects: 48091, done. remote:

1.Git常用命令

     1) git config   | git基本配置                    5) git init  | 初始化Git仓库

     2) git clone   | 克隆远程代码                 6) git remote  |  远程源的设置

    3) git fetch   | 将远程更新拉取到本地    7)  git commit  |  提交缓存区修改到仓库

    4) git rebase | 分支合并                          8) git push | 将本地代码推送到远程

2.安装： yum install git

[xiaokang@localhost ~]$ sudo yum install git

3.Git使用

  1）生成SSH KEY

       查看是否有公钥和私钥

[xiaokang@localhost tmp]$ cd ~/.ssh/    # 切换到 .ssh目录
[xiaokang@localhost .ssh]$ pwd
/home/xiaokang/.ssh
[xiaokang@localhost .ssh]$ ls
known_hosts              # 没有id_rsa和id_rsa.pub文件

    生成公钥和私钥

# 执行ssh-keygen 命令生成公私秘钥，遇到输入直接回车，直到完成退出
[xiaokang@localhost .ssh]$ ssh-keygen  
[xiaokang@localhost .ssh]$ ll
total 12
-rw------- 1 xiaokang xiaokang 1679 Jun 20 02:42 id_rsa       # 私钥
-rw-r--r-- 1 xiaokang xiaokang  412 Jun 20 02:42 id_rsa.pub   # 公钥
-rw-r--r-- 1 xiaokang xiaokang  185 Jun 20 02:39 known_hosts
[xiaokang@localhost .ssh]$ cat id_rsa.pub 

 2）访问码云配置SSH Key

        点击个人中心选择设置-----》点击SSH公钥----》添加Linux系统中生成的公钥到里面。

3）git clone克隆码云中的远程仓库到本地 通过SSH

[xiaokang@localhost tmp]$ git clone git@gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test.git
Cloning into 'xiaokang_test'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 4, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (4/4), done.

4）git remote远程源的设置，添加源和删除源，同一个系统允许多个源的设置

[xiaokang@localhost tmp]$ cd xiaokang_test/      # 切换到克隆下来的目录中
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test]$ ls
README.en.md  README.md
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test]$ ll -al
total 8
drwxrwxr-x  3 xiaokang xiaokang   55 Jun 20 03:08 .
drwxrwxrwt. 9 root     root      277 Jun 20 03:08 ..
drwxrwxr-x  8 xiaokang xiaokang  163 Jun 20 03:08 .git
-rw-rw-r--  1 xiaokang xiaokang  940 Jun 20 03:08 README.en.md
-rw-rw-r--  1 xiaokang xiaokang 1308 Jun 20 03:08 README.md
 
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test]$ git remote -v   # 查看远程源
origin	git@gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test.git (fetch)
origin	git@gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test.git (push)

# 添加远程源newyuan
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test]$ git remote add newyuan git@gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test.git
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test]$ git remote -v 查看远程源
newyuan	git@gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test.git (fetch)
newyuan	git@gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test.git (push)
origin	git@gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test.git (fetch)
origin	git@gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test.git (push)
# 删除远程源newyuan
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test]$ git remote rm newyuan
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test]$ git remote -v
origin	git@gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test.git (fetch)
origin	git@gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test.git (push)
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test]$ 

4.Git远程仓库操作

（一）如何将克隆到本地仓库中修改内容push远程仓库 和 获取远程仓库修改内容到本地仓库（远程------>本地）

（此时本地是没有仓库的，先通过git clone命令将远程仓库克隆到本地来，然后进行的以下操作）

（1）查看修改状态

[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test]$ git status
# 第一次提交会提示你需要设置个人信息才能查看
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test]$ git config --global user.email "AllardZhao@163.com"
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test]$ git config --global user.name "xiaokang"

 

    提交修改内容到本地主分支master上并push到码云管理库

[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test]$ git commit -am "vincent -- modify readme"
[master 50a6f21] vincent -- modify readme
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 
 # 将本地代码master分支推送到远程master分支, origin是远程仓库的别名
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test]$ git push origin master:master

 

（2）获取码云管理库中修改内容到本地

[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test]$ git fetch   # 拉取远程仓库新增内容到本地
remote: Enumerating objects: 5, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (5/5), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
From gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test
   50a6f21..1934e6f  master     -> origin/master
   
# 拉取内容合并到origin中主分支master上
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test]$ git rebase origin/master 
First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...
Fast-forwarded master to origin/master.

 

（二）如何在本地创建仓库 并 将本地库中内容push远程管理仓库中（本地------>远程）

    （先在本地创建文件夹，接着初始化成仓库，此时本地已有仓库。然后进行的如下操作）

[xiaokang@localhost tmp]$ mkdir xiaokang_test2  # 创建文件夹xiaokang_test2 
[xiaokang@localhost tmp]$ cd xiaokang_test2
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test2]$ ll -al    
total 4
drwxrwxr-x   2 xiaokang xiaokang    6 Jun 20 03:47 .
drwxrwxrwt. 10 root     root     4096 Jun 20 03:47 ..
# 初始化xiaokang_test2为仓库
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test2]$ git init  
Initialized empty Git repository in /tmp/xiaokang_test2/.git/
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test2]$ ll -al
total 4
drwxrwxr-x   3 xiaokang xiaokang   18 Jun 20 03:48 .
drwxrwxrwt. 10 root     root     4096 Jun 20 03:47 ..
drwxrwxr-x   7 xiaokang xiaokang  119 Jun 20 03:48 .git   
# 文件夹中有.git文件就是Git仓库

[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test2]$ touch a.py  # 创建a.py文件
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test2]$ ls -al
total 4
drwxrwxr-x   3 xiaokang xiaokang   30 Jun 20 03:50 .
drwxrwxrwt. 10 root     root     4096 Jun 20 03:47 ..
-rw-rw-r--   1 xiaokang xiaokang    0 Jun 20 03:50 a.py
drwxrwxr-x   7 xiaokang xiaokang  119 Jun 20 03:48 .git
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test2]$ git status  # 查看仓库状态
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test2]$ git add .   # 添加所有修改内容缓存区

# 把添加到缓存区内容提交到本地仓库
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test2]$ git commit -am "vincent --init" 
[master (root-commit) c5d4756] vincent --init
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 a.py
 
 # 添加远程仓库地址即源
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test2]$ git remote add origin git@gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test2.git
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test2]$ git remote -v
origin	git@gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test2.git (fetch)
origin	git@gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test2.git (push)

# push本地master主干分支内容到远程仓库master中
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test2]$ git push origin master:master
To git@gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test2.git
 ! [rejected]        master -> master (fetch first)
error: failed to push some refs to 'git@gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test2.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do
hint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing
hint: to the same ref. You may want to first merge the remote changes (e.g.,
hint: 'git pull') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.

   # 根据已上报错得知需要先把远程仓库中的内容合并到本地，然后再push

# 根据已上报错得知需要先把远程仓库中的内容合并到本地，然后再push
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test2]$ git fetch  # 获取远程仓库修改内容
warning: no common commits
remote: Enumerating objects: 4, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (4/4), done.
From gitee.com:AllardZhao/xiaokang_test2
 * [new branch]      master     -> origin/master
 # 将远程仓库内容合并到 origin/master主干分支
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test2]$ git rebase origin/master
First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...
Applying: vincent --init
# push本地内容到远程仓库
[xiaokang@localhost xiaokang_test2]$ git push origin master:master

 

以上是关于Git使用的基本操作步骤已经很详细，配有操作说明帮助理解