赞
踩
AOP(Aspect-OrientedProgramming,面向切面编程),可以说是OOP(Object-Oriented Programing,面向对象编程)的补充和完善。OOP引入封装、继承和多态性等概念来建立一种对象层次结构,用以模拟公共行为的一个集合。当我们需要为分散的对象引入公共行为的时候,OOP则显得无能为力。也就是说,OOP允许你定义从上到下的关系,但并不适合定义从左到右的关系。例如日志功能。日志代码往往水平地散布在所有对象层次中,而与它所散布到的对象的核心功能毫无关系。对于其他类型的代码,如安全性、异常处理和透明的持续性也是如此。这种散布在各处的无关的代码被称为横切(cross-cutting)代码,在OOP设计中,它导致了大量代码的重复,而不利于各个模块的重用。
而AOP技术则恰恰相反,它利用一种称为“横切”的技术,剖解开封装的对象内部,并将那些影响了多个类的公共行为封装到一个可重用模块,并将其名为“Aspect”,即方面。所谓“方面”,简单地说,就是将那些与业务无关,却为业务模块所共同调用的逻辑或责任封装起来,便于减少系统的重复代码,降低模块间的耦合度,并有利于未来的可操作性和可维护性。AOP代表的是一个横向的关系,如果说“对象”是一个空心的圆柱体,其中封装的是对象的属性和行为;那么面向方面编程的方法,就仿佛一把利刃,将这些空心圆柱体剖开,以获得其内部的消息。而剖开的切面,也就是所谓的“方面”了。然后它又以巧夺天功的妙手将这些剖开的切面复原,不留痕迹。
通知方法:
Spring中的AOP代理还是离不开Spring的IOC容器,代理的生成,管理及其依赖关系都是由IOC容器负责,Spring默认使用JDK动态代理,在需要代理类而不是代理接口的时候,Spring会自动切换为使用CGLIB代理,不过现在的项目都是面向接口编程,所以JDK动态代理相对来说用的还是多一些。
切面类:
- package com.enjoy.cap10.aop;
-
- import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
-
- //日志切面类
- @Aspect
- public class LogAspects {
- @Pointcut("execution(public int com.enjoy.cap10.aop.Calculator.*(..))")
- public void pointCut(){};
-
- //@before代表在目标方法执行前切入, 并指定在哪个方法前切入
- @Before("pointCut()")
- public void logStart(){
- System.out.println("除法运行....参数列表是:{}");
- }
- @After("pointCut()")
- public void logEnd(){
- System.out.println("除法结束......");
- }
- @AfterReturning("pointCut()")
- public void logReturn(){
- System.out.println("除法正常返回......运行结果是:{}");
- }
- @AfterThrowing("pointCut()")
- public void logException(){
- System.out.println("运行异常......异常信息是:{}");
- }
- @Around("pointCut()")
- public Object Around(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) throws Throwable{
- System.out.println("@Arount:执行目标方法之前...");
- Object obj = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();//相当于开始调div地
- System.out.println("@Arount:执行目标方法之后...");
- return obj;
- }
- }
目标方法:
- package com.enjoy.cap10.aop;
-
- public class Calculator {
- //业务逻辑方法
- public int div(int i, int j){
- System.out.println("--------");
- return i/j;
- }
- }
配置类:
- package com.enjoy.cap10.config;
-
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy;
-
- import com.enjoy.cap10.aop.Calculator;
- import com.enjoy.cap10.aop.LogAspects;
-
- @Configuration
- @EnableAspectJAutoProxy
- public class Cap10MainConfig {
- @Bean
- public Calculator calculator(){
- return new Calculator();
- }
-
- @Bean
- public LogAspects logAspects(){
- return new LogAspects();
- }
- }
测试类:
- public class Cap10Test {
- @Test
- public void test01(){
- AnnotationConfigApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Cap10MainConfig.class);
- Calculator c = app.getBean(Calculator.class);
- int result = c.div(4, 3);
- System.out.println(result);
- app.close();
-
- }
- }
结果:
- @Arount:执行目标方法之前...
- 除法运行....参数列表是:{}
- --------
- @Arount:执行目标方法之后...
- 除法结束......
- 除法正常返回......运行结果是:{}
- 1
在这个注解比较流行的年代里,当我们想要使用spring 的某些功能时只需要加上一行代码就可以了,比如:
对于我们使用者而言十分简单便利,然而,其背后所做的事,却远远比一个注解复杂的多了,本篇只是简略的介绍一下@EnableAspectJAutoProxy背后所发生的那些事,了解其工作原理,才能更好的运用,并从中领略大师的智慧.
废话不多说,先来看一下源码:
- @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
- @Documented
- @Import(AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar.class)
- public @interface EnableAspectJAutoProxy {
-
- /**
- * Indicate whether subclass-based (CGLIB) proxies are to be created as opposed
- * to standard Java interface-based proxies. The default is {@code false}.
- */
- boolean proxyTargetClass() default false;
-
- /**
- * Indicate that the proxy should be exposed by the AOP framework as a {@code ThreadLocal}
- * for retrieval via the {@link org.springframework.aop.framework.AopContext} class.
- * Off by default, i.e. no guarantees that {@code AopContext} access will work.
- * @since 4.3.1
- */
- boolean exposeProxy() default false;
-
- }
英文注解已经很详细了,这里简单介绍一下两个参数,一个是控制aop的具体实现方式,为true 的话使用cglib,为false的话使用java的Proxy,默认为false,第二个参数控制代理的暴露方式,解决内部调用不能使用代理的场景,默认为false.
这里核心是@Import(AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar.class);在AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar里,核心的地方是
AopConfigUtils.registerAspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(registry);
一个AOP的工具类,这个工具类的主要作用是把AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator这个类定义为BeanDefinition放到spring容器中,这是通过实现ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口来装载的,具体装载过程不是本篇的重点,这里就不赘述,我们重点看AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator这个类.
首先看看这个类图:
从类图是可以大致了解AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator这个类的功能.它实现了一系列Aware的接口,在Bean装载的时候获取BeanFactory(Bean容器),Bean的ClassLoader,还实现了order接口,继承了PorxyConfig,ProxyConfig中主要封装了代理的通用处理逻辑,比如设置目标类,设置使用cglib还是java proxy等一些基础配置.
而能够让这个类参与到bean初始化功能,并为bean添加代理功能的还是因为它实现了BeanPostProcessor这个接口.这个接口的postProcessAfterInitialization方法会在bean初始化结束后(赋值完成)被调用。
这里先看一下最顶部的抽象类:AbstractAutoProxyCreator,这个抽象类主要抽象了实现代理的逻辑:
- @Override
- public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) {
- return bean;
- }
-
- // 主要看这个方法,在bean初始化之后对生产出的bean进行包装
- @Override
- public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
- if (bean != null) {
- Object cacheKey = getCacheKey(bean.getClass(), beanName);
- if (!this.earlyProxyReferences.contains(cacheKey)) {
- return wrapIfNecessary(bean, beanName, cacheKey);
- }
- }
- return bean;
- }
-
- // wrapIfNecessary
- protected Object wrapIfNecessary(Object bean, String beanName, Object cacheKey) {
- if (beanName != null && this.targetSourcedBeans.contains(beanName)) {
- return bean;
- }
- if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(this.advisedBeans.get(cacheKey))) {
- return bean;
- }
- if (isInfrastructureClass(bean.getClass()) || shouldSkip(bean.getClass(), beanName)) {
- this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);
- return bean;
- }
-
- // Create proxy if we have advice.
- // 意思就是如果该类有advice则创建proxy,
- Object[] specificInterceptors = getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(bean.getClass(), beanName, null);
- if (specificInterceptors != DO_NOT_PROXY) {
- this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.TRUE);
- // 1.通过方法名也能简单猜测到,这个方法就是把bean包装为proxy的主要方法,
- Object proxy = createProxy(
- bean.getClass(), beanName, specificInterceptors, new SingletonTargetSource(bean));
- this.proxyTypes.put(cacheKey, proxy.getClass());
-
- // 2.返回该proxy代替原来的bean
- return proxy;
- }
-
- this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);
- return bean;
- }
通过之前的代码结构分析,我们知道,所有的bean在返回给用户使用之前都需要经过AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator类的postProcessAfterInitialization()方法,而该方法的主要作用也就是将所有拥有advice的bean重新包装为proxy,那么我们接下来直接分析这个包装为proxy的方法即可,看一下bean如何被包装为proxy,proxy在被调用方法时,是具体如何执行的
以下是AbstractAutoProxyCreator.wrapIfNecessary(Object bean, String beanName, Object cacheKey)中的createProxy()代码片段分析
- protected Object createProxy(
- Class<?> beanClass, String beanName, Object[] specificInterceptors, TargetSource targetSource) {
-
- if (this.beanFactory instanceof ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) {
- AutoProxyUtils.exposeTargetClass((ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) this.beanFactory, beanName, beanClass);
- }
-
- // 1.创建proxyFactory,proxy的生产主要就是在proxyFactory做的
- ProxyFactory proxyFactory = new ProxyFactory();
- proxyFactory.copyFrom(this);
-
- if (!proxyFactory.isProxyTargetClass()) {
- if (shouldProxyTargetClass(beanClass, beanName)) {
- proxyFactory.setProxyTargetClass(true);
- }
- else {
- evaluateProxyInterfaces(beanClass, proxyFactory);
- }
- }
-
- // 2.将当前bean适合的advice,重新封装下,封装为Advisor类,然后添加到ProxyFactory中
- Advisor[] advisors = buildAdvisors(beanName, specificInterceptors);
- for (Advisor advisor : advisors) {
- proxyFactory.addAdvisor(advisor);
- }
-
- proxyFactory.setTargetSource(targetSource);
- customizeProxyFactory(proxyFactory);
-
- proxyFactory.setFrozen(this.freezeProxy);
- if (advisorsPreFiltered()) {
- proxyFactory.setPreFiltered(true);
- }
-
- // 3.调用getProxy获取bean对应的proxy
- return proxyFactory.getProxy(getProxyClassLoader());
- }
TargetSource中存放被代理的对象,这段代码主要是为了构建ProxyFactory,将配置信息(是否使用java proxy,是否threadlocal等),目标类,切面,传入ProxyFactory中
- // getProxy()方法
- public Object getProxy(ClassLoader classLoader) {
- return createAopProxy().getProxy(classLoader);
- }
-
-
- // createAopProxy()方法就是决定究竟创建何种类型的proxy
- protected final synchronized AopProxy createAopProxy() {
- if (!this.active) {
- activate();
- }
- // 关键方法createAopProxy()
- return getAopProxyFactory().createAopProxy(this);
- }
-
- // createAopProxy()
- public AopProxy createAopProxy(AdvisedSupport config) throws AopConfigException {
- // 1.config.isOptimize()是否使用优化的代理策略,目前使用与CGLIB
- // config.isProxyTargetClass() 是否目标类本身被代理而不是目标类的接口
- // hasNoUserSuppliedProxyInterfaces()是否存在代理接口
- if (config.isOptimize() || config.isProxyTargetClass() || hasNoUserSuppliedProxyInterfaces(config)) {
- Class<?> targetClass = config.getTargetClass();
- if (targetClass == null) {
- throw new AopConfigException("TargetSource cannot determine target class: " +
- "Either an interface or a target is required for proxy creation.");
- }
-
- // 2.如果目标类是接口或者是代理类,则直接使用JDKproxy
- if (targetClass.isInterface() || Proxy.isProxyClass(targetClass)) {
- return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config);
- }
-
- // 3.其他情况则使用CGLIBproxy
- return new ObjenesisCglibAopProxy(config);
- }
- else {
- return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config);
- }
- }
由1)可知,通过createAopProxy()方法来确定具体使用何种类型的Proxy,针对于该示例,我们具体使用的为JdkDynamicAopProxy,下面来看下JdkDynamicAopProxy.getProxy()方法
- final class JdkDynamicAopProxy implements AopProxy, InvocationHandler, Serializable// JdkDynamicAopProxy类结构,由此可知,其实现了InvocationHandler,则必定有invoke方法,来被调用,也就是用户调用bean相关方法时,此invoke()被真正调用
- // getProxy()
- public Object getProxy(ClassLoader classLoader) {
- if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
- logger.debug("Creating JDK dynamic proxy: target source is " + this.advised.getTargetSource());
- }
- Class<?>[] proxiedInterfaces = AopProxyUtils.completeProxiedInterfaces(this.advised, true);
- findDefinedEqualsAndHashCodeMethods(proxiedInterfaces);
-
- // JDK proxy 动态代理的标准用法
- return Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, proxiedInterfaces, this);
- }
以上的代码模式可以很明确的看出来,使用了JDK动态代理模式,真正的方法执行在invoke()方法里,下面我们来看下该方法,来看下bean方法如何被代理执行的
- public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
- MethodInvocation invocation;
- Object oldProxy = null;
- boolean setProxyContext = false;
-
- TargetSource targetSource = this.advised.targetSource;
- Class<?> targetClass = null;
- Object target = null;
-
- try {
- // 1.以下的几个判断,主要是为了判断method是否为equals、hashCode等Object的方法
- if (!this.equalsDefined && AopUtils.isEqualsMethod(method)) {
- // The target does not implement the equals(Object) method itself.
- return equals(args[0]);
- }
- else if (!this.hashCodeDefined && AopUtils.isHashCodeMethod(method)) {
- // The target does not implement the hashCode() method itself.
- return hashCode();
- }
- else if (method.getDeclaringClass() == DecoratingProxy.class) {
- // There is only getDecoratedClass() declared -> dispatch to proxy config.
- return AopProxyUtils.ultimateTargetClass(this.advised);
- }
- else if (!this.advised.opaque && method.getDeclaringClass().isInterface() &&
- method.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(Advised.class)) {
- // Service invocations on ProxyConfig with the proxy config...
- return AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(this.advised, method, args);
- }
-
- Object retVal;
-
- if (this.advised.exposeProxy) {
- // Make invocation available if necessary.
- oldProxy = AopContext.setCurrentProxy(proxy);
- setProxyContext = true;
- }
-
- // May be null. Get as late as possible to minimize the time we "own" the target,
- // in case it comes from a pool.
- target = targetSource.getTarget();
- if (target != null) {
- targetClass = target.getClass();
- }
-
- // 2.获取当前bean被拦截方法链表
- List<Object> chain = this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(method, targetClass);
-
- // 3.如果为空,则直接调用target的method
- if (chain.isEmpty()) {
- Object[] argsToUse = AopProxyUtils.adaptArgumentsIfNecessary(method, args);
- retVal = AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(target, method, argsToUse);
- }
- // 4.不为空,则逐一调用chain中的每一个拦截方法的proceed
- else {
- // We need to create a method invocation...
- invocation = new ReflectiveMethodInvocation(proxy, target, method, args, targetClass, chain);
- // Proceed to the joinpoint through the interceptor chain.
- retVal = invocation.proceed();
- }
-
- ...
- return retVal;
- }
- ...
- }
- public Object proceed() throws Throwable {
- // We start with an index of -1 and increment early.
- if (this.currentInterceptorIndex == this.interceptorsAndDynamicMethodMatchers.size() - 1) {
- return invokeJoinpoint();
- }
-
- Object interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice =
- this.interceptorsAndDynamicMethodMatchers.get(++this.currentInterceptorIndex);
- if (interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice instanceof InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher) {
- // Evaluate dynamic method matcher here: static part will already have
- // been evaluated and found to match.
- InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher dm =
- (InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher) interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice;
- if (dm.methodMatcher.matches(this.method, this.targetClass, this.arguments)) {
- return dm.interceptor.invoke(this);
- }
- else {
- // Dynamic matching failed.
- // Skip this interceptor and invoke the next in the chain.
- return proceed();
- }
- }
- else {
- // It's an interceptor, so we just invoke it: The pointcut will have
- // been evaluated statically before this object was constructed.
- return ((MethodInterceptor) interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice).invoke(this);
- }
- }
总结4:依次遍历拦截器链的每个元素,然后调用其实现,将真正调用工作委托给各个增强器
纵观以上过程可知:实际就是为bean创建一个proxy,JDKproxy或者CGLIBproxy,然后在调用bean的方法时,会通过proxy来调用bean方法
重点过程可分为:
1)将AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator注册到Spring容器中
2)AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator类的postProcessAfterInitialization()方法将所有有advice的bean重新包装成proxy
3)调用bean方法时通过proxy来调用,proxy依次调用增强器的相关方法,来实现方法切
转载:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26323323/article/details/81012855
Copyright © 2003-2013 www.wpsshop.cn 版权所有,并保留所有权利。